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{{PBB|geneid=6737}}
'''三分模體包含蛋白質21'''（Tripartite motif-containing protein 21，縮寫爲TRIM21），亦作'''E3泛素化蛋白質連接酶TRIM21'''（E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21），係一種由人類''TRIM21''[[基因]]編碼的蛋白質<ref name="pmid8094596">{{cite journal | author = Frank MB, Itoh K, Fujisaku A, Pontarotti P, Mattei MG, Neas BR | title = The mapping of the human 52-kD Ro/SSA autoantigen gene to human chromosome 11, and its polymorphisms | journal = Am J Hum Genet | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 183–91 |date=Mar 1993 | pmid = 8094596 | pmc = 1682114 | doi = }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TRIM21 tripartite motif-containing 21| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6737| accessdate = }}</ref>。人們已經發現了該蛋白質的[[可變剪切]]變體，但目前僅查明了其中一種在完整狀態下的性質。大部分人類組織都表達此種蛋白<ref name="pmid21045130"/>。

==結構==
TRIM21係{{Link-en|TRIM蛋白質家族|tripartite motif family}}的成員。TRIM模體包含了三個鋅結合結構域、一個{{Link-en|環指結構域|RING finger domain}}、一個1型B箱、一個2型B箱[[鋅指]]，以及一個[[捲曲螺旋]]區域<ref name="entrez"/>。

==功能==
TRIM21爲一種{{link-en|細胞內抗體介導蛋白水解|Intracellular antibody-mediated degradation}}途徑的細胞內抗體效應子。它會與標記感染細胞的無包膜[[病毒體]]的[[抗體]]上的[[免疫球蛋白G]]和[[免疫球蛋白M]]相連。隨後，其自身發生泛素化或一個輔助因子發生泛素化。其後，TRIM21會負責引導病毒體到有[[蛋白酶]]的位置。抗體和病毒的[[衣殼]]會被蛋白酶水解，但TRIM21卻不會<ref name="pmid21045130">{{cite journal | author = Mallery DL, McEwan WA, Bidgood SR, Towers GJ, Johnson CM, James LC | title = Antibodies mediate intracellular immunity through tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 107 | issue = 46 | pages = 19985–19990 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21045130 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1014074107 | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/11/01/1014074107 | pmc = 2993423 | access-date = 2016-02-08 | archive-date = 2019-09-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190906134013/https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/11/01/1014074107 | dead-url = no }}</ref>。

TRIM21爲RoSSA核糖核蛋白的一個組成成分。RoSSA還含有一條單多肽鏈以及一條小分子RNA（這條RNA有4種）。[[細胞質]]和[[細胞核]]中均有RoSSA粒子<ref name="entrez"/>。

==臨床意義==
RoSSA會與[[乾燥綜合徵]]和[[全身性紅斑狼瘡]]患者體內的自身抗原反應<ref name="entrez"/>。亦有研究者以TRIM21爲基礎研發新藥<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bioon.com/biology/Immunology/462699.shtml|title=PNAS：揭开免疫系统消灭病毒机制有助抗病毒药物研发|accessdate=2016-02-09|publisher=新華網|author=黄堃|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703005719/http://www.bioon.com/biology/Immunology/462699.shtml|archive-date=2016-07-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

==參考==
{{reflist}}
{{-}}

==拓展閱讀==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal | author=Jones SK |title=Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces cell-surface Ro/SSA antigen expression by human keratinocytes in vitro: a possible mechanism for the UVR induction of cutaneous lupus lesions | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-dermatology_1992-06_126_6/page/546 |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=126 |issue= 6 |pages= 546–553 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1610705 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00098.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Itoh K, Itoh Y, Frank MB |title=Protein heterogeneity in the human Ro/SSA ribonucleoproteins. The 52- and 60-kD Ro/SSA autoantigens are encoded by separate genes | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-investigation_1991-01_87_1/page/177 |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=87 |issue= 1 |pages= 177–186 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1985094 |doi=10.1172/JCI114968 | pmc=295020 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chan EK, Hamel JC, Buyon JP, Tan EM |title=Molecular definition and sequence motifs of the 52-kD component of human SS-A/Ro autoantigen | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-investigation_1991-01_87_1/page/68 |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=87 |issue= 1 |pages= 68–76 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1985112 |doi=10.1172/JCI115003 | pmc=294993 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miyagawa S |title=SSA/Ro antigen expression in simian virus 40-transformed human keratinocytes | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-investigative-dermatology_1988-03_90_3/page/342 |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=90 |issue= 3 |pages= 342–345 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2450143 |doi=10.1111/1523-1747.ep12456308 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Okada N | author3=Inagaki Y | display-authors=3 | last4=Kitano | first4=Yukio | last5=Ueki | first5=Hiroaki | last6=Sakamoto | first6=Kuniki | last7=Steinberg | first7=Mark L. }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chan EK |title=52-kD SS-A/Ro: genomic structure and identification of an alternatively spliced transcript encoding a novel leucine zipper-minus autoantigen expressed in fetal and adult heart | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-experimental-medicine_1995-10_182_4/page/983 |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=182 |issue= 4 |pages= 983–992 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7561701 |doi=10.1084/jem.182.4.983 | pmc=2192297 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Di Donato F | author3=Hamel JC | display-authors=3 | last4=Tseng | first4=CE | last5=Buyon | first5=JP }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tsugu H, Horowitz R, Gibson N, Frank MB |title=The location of a disease-associated polymorphism and genomic structure of the human 52-kDa Ro/SSA locus (SSA1) |journal=Genomics |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 541–548 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7713506 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1664 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Frank MB, McCubbin VR, Heldermon C |title=Expression and DNA binding of the human 52 kDa Ro/SSA autoantigen |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=305 |issue= 2|pages= 359–62 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7832745 |doi= | pmc=1136368 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–174 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Keech CL, Gordon TP, McCluskey J |title=Structural differences between the human and mouse 52-kD Ro autoantigens associated with poorly conserved autoantibody activity across species | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-and-experimental-immunology_1996-05_104_2/page/255 |journal=Clin. Exp. Immunol. |volume=104 |issue= 2 |pages= 255–263 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8625517 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.16726.x | pmc=2200432 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Igarashi T, Itoh Y, Fukunaga Y, Yamamoto M |title=Stress-induced cell surface expression and antigenic alteration of the Ro/SSA autoantigen |journal=Autoimmunity |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 33–42 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8882420 |doi=10.3109/08916939508995297 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–156 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K | author3=Maruyama K | display-authors=3 | last4=Suyama | first4=A | last5=Sugano | first5=S }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bepler G |title=A 1.4-Mb high-resolution physical map and contig of chromosome segment 11p15.5 and genes in the LOH11A metastasis suppressor region |journal=Genomics |volume=55 |issue= 2 |pages= 164–175 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9933563 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1998.5659 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=O'briant KC | author3=Kim YC | display-authors=3 | last4=Schreiber | first4=G | last5=Pitterle | first5=DM }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tseng CE |title=mRNA and protein expression of SSA/Ro and SSB/La in human fetal cardiac myocytes cultured using a novel application of the Langendorff procedure |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 260–269 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10022600 |doi=10.1203/00006450-199902000-00018 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Miranda E | author3=Di Donato F | display-authors=3 | last4=Boutjdir | first4=Mohamed | last5=Rashbaum | first5=William | last6=Chan | first6=Edward K. L. | last7=Buyon | first7=Jill P. }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fabini G |title=Analysis of the molecular composition of Ro ribonucleoprotein complexes. Identification of novel Y RNA-binding proteins |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=267 |issue= 9 |pages= 2778–2789 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10785401 |doi=10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01298.x |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Rutjes SA | author3=Zimmermann C | display-authors=3 | last4=Pruijn | first4=Ger J. M. | last5=Steiner | first5=Gunter }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kurien BT |title=Autoantibody to the leucine zipper region of 52 kDa Ro/SSA binds native 60 kDa Ro/SSA: identification of a tertiary epitope with components from 60 kDa Ro/SSA and 52 kDa Ro/SSA |journal=Scand. J. Immunol. |volume=53 |issue= 3 |pages= 268–276 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11251884 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00870.x |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Chambers TL | author3=Thomas PY | display-authors=3 | last4=Frank | first4=M. B. | last5=Scofield | first5=R. H. }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reymond A |title=The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_embo-journal_2001-05-01_20_9/page/2140 |journal=EMBO J. |volume=20 |issue= 9 |pages= 2140–2151 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11331580 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140 | pmc=125245 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Meroni G | author3=Fantozzi A | display-authors=3 | last4=Merla | first4=G | last5=Cairo | first5=S | last6=Luzi | first6=L | last7=Riganelli | first7=D | last8=Zanaria | first8=E | last9=Messali | first9=S }}
*{{cite journal | author=Di Donato F |title=Interaction between 52 kDa SSA/Ro and deubiquitinating enzyme UnpEL: a clue to function | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-biochemistry-cell-biology_2001-09_33_9/page/924 |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=33 |issue= 9 |pages= 924–934 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11461834 |doi=10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00055-3 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Chan EK | author3=Askanase AD | display-authors=3 | last4=Miranda-Carus | first4=Maria-Eugenia | last5=Buyon | first5=Jill P }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fukuda-Kamitani T, Kamitani T |title=Ubiquitination of Ro52 autoantigen |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=295 |issue= 4 |pages= 774–778 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12127959 |doi=10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00750-7 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–16903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD }}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=6737}}

TRIM21 - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot