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{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Toll样受体9'''（{{langx|en|Toll-like receptor 9}}）是由人类[[基因]] ''TLR9'' 编码的[[蛋白质]]<ref name="pmid11022119">{{cite journal | author = Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B | title = Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution | journal = Eur Cytokine Netw | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 362–71 |date=Dec 2000 | pmid = 11022119 | pmc = | doi = }}</ref>，也被称为'''CD289'''（[[分化簇]]289，cluster of differentiation 289），是[[Toll样受体]]（TLR）家族的成员。

==功能 ==

TLR家族的受体在病原识别与[[先天免疫系統|先天免疫]]的激活中起着基础作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈現在細胞表面和胞內間室的跨膜蛋白，用以識別病原體呈現的[[病原相关分子模式]]（Pathogen-associated molecular patterns，PAMPs），然後啟動製造[[先天性免疫|先天]]和[[后天免疫系统|获得性免疫]]所需的[[细胞因子]]的信號。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织，比如[[脾]]、[[淋巴结]]、[[骨髓]]等。研究指出，在小鼠和人中的TLR9受体可响应细菌DNA中的[[CpG寡脱氧核苷酸|未甲基化的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列]]来激活先天免疫应答<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54106| accessdate = }}</ref>。

TLR9可以识别DNA分子中的未[[甲基化]]的[[CpG寡脱氧核苷酸|CpG序列]]，[[CpG位点]]在脊椎动物非常稀少（~1%），但在细菌或病毒基因组中很丰富。TLR9在[[免疫系统]]的多种细胞中有表达，如[[B细胞|B淋巴细胞]]、[[单核细胞]]、[[自然杀伤细胞|自然杀伤细胞（NK）]]和[[浆细胞样树突状细胞]]。TLR9表达于细胞内，是[[核内体]]的组分之一，其功能为当细菌或病毒感染时结合其DNA上的富CpG基序来改变免疫系统的状态。TLR9的信号会导致细胞启动炎症反应，并分泌相关[[细胞因子]]，如[[I型干扰素]]和[[白细胞介素-12|IL-12]]等。

==临床意义==

There are new [[Immunotherapy|immunomodulatory treatment]]s undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma,<ref name="pmid17607014">{{cite journal | author = Kline JN | title = Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma | journal = Proc Am Thorac Soc | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 283–8 |date=July 2007 | pmid = 17607014 | pmc = 2647631 | doi = 10.1513/pats.200701-019AW | url = | issn = }}</ref> immunostimulation against cancer,<ref name="Thompson_2004">{{cite journal | author = Thompson JA, Kuzel T, Bukowski R, Masciari F, Schmalbach T | title = Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) | journal = Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition) | date = July 2004 | volume = 22 | issue = 14S | url = http://www.asco.org/ASCOv2/Meetings/Abstracts?&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=26&abstractID=2313 | access-date = 2016-01-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120308091657/http://www.asco.org/ASCOv2/Meetings/Abstracts?&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=26&abstractID=2313 | archive-date = 2012-03-08 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> immunostimulation against pathogens, and as [[adjuvants]] in vaccines.<ref name="pmid16818369">{{cite journal | author = Klinman DM | title = Adjuvant activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides | journal = Int. Rev. Immunol. | volume = 25 | issue = 3-4 | pages = 135–54 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16818369 | doi = 10.1080/08830180600743057 | url = | issn = }}</ref>

==蛋白质相互作用==

* TLR9 可以与[[RNF216]][[蛋白質交互作用|交互作用]]发生<ref name="pmid15107846">{{cite journal | author = Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ | title = Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors | journal = Nat. Immunol. | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = 495–502 |date=May 2004 | pmid = 15107846 | doi = 10.1038/ni1066 | url = | issn = }}</ref>。
* 它可以被[[CpG寡脱氧核苷酸]]激活，如{{le|阿托莫德|Agatolimod}}。

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

==延伸阅读==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1–11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi=10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kaisho T, Akira S |title=Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1589 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–13 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11909637 |doi=10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00182-3 }}
}}
{{refend}}

==外部链接==
* {{MeshName|TLR9+protein,+human}}

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{{NLM content}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{TLR signaling pathway}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tlr 9}}
[[Category:Toll样受体|9]]
[[Category:分化群]]

TLR9 - 版本历史

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