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TAS2R38 - 版本历史
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'''TAS2R38'''是一种[[味觉#苦|苦味]][[味觉感受器]]<ref name="pmid12584440">{{cite journal <br />
| author = Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A, Nef P, Andres-Barquin PJ <br />
| title = Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family <br />
| journal = Cytogenet. Genome Res. <br />
| volume = 98 <br />
| issue = 1 <br />
| pages = 45–53 <br />
| year = 2002 <br />
| pmid = 12584440 <br />
| doi = 10.1159/000068546<br />
}}</ref><ref name="pmid12624758">{{cite journal <br />
| author = Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, Elsner T, Cromer K, Otterud B, Baird L, Peiffer AP, Leppert M <br />
| title = Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p <br />
| journal = Hum. Genet. <br />
| volume = 112 <br />
| issue = 5-6 <br />
| pages = 567–72 <br />
| year = 2003 <br />
| pmid = 12624758 <br />
| doi = 10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y<br />
}}</ref>，该感受器可以尝出[[苯硫脲]]<ref name="pmid15466815">{{cite journal <br />
| author = Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, Palmas MA, Maestrale GB, Piras D, Pirastu M, Angius A <br />
| title = Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene <br />
| journal = Chem. Senses <br />
| volume = 29 <br />
| issue = 8 <br />
| pages = 697–702 <br />
| year = 2004 <br />
| pmid = 15466815 <br />
| doi = 10.1093/chemse/bjh074<br />
}}</ref>和[[丙硫氧嘧啶]]<ref name="pmid15547448">{{cite journal <br />
| author = Duffy VB, Davidson AC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Reed DR, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM <br />
| title = Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake <br />
| journal = Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. <br />
| volume = 28 <br />
| issue = 11 <br />
| pages = 1629–37 <br />
| year = 2004 <br />
| pmid = 15547448 <br />
| doi = 10.1097/01.ALC.0000145789.55183.D4<br />
| pmc = 1397913<br />
}}</ref>或者相关物质的苦味。这一点和大多数苦味感受器有所不同，即该感受器是对某类物质敏感，而大多数感受器则不会表现出强烈的选择性，能对多种物质做出响应<ref name="qkzz">{{Cite journal<br />
| url=http://qkzz.net/article/88220b8d-e1b1-4a0b-9720-10b048ab5ef0.htm<br />
| title=味蕾和苦涩说再见<br />
| journal=环球科学<br />
| publisher=电脑报经营有限责任公司与Scientific American合作推出<br />
| volume=11<br />
| year=2006<br />
}}</ref>。该感受器所能尝出的相应物质大量存在于[[西兰花]]、[[卷心菜]]以及其它[[十字花科]]植物中<ref name="qkzz"/>，例如：{{tsl|en|Glucosinolates|葡萄糖异硫氰酸盐}}及其相关产物[[异硫氰酸酯]]。目前全球人类中，约有75%该感受器相关基因正常，即，可以尝出苦味。而剩下的25%则无法尝出这类的苦味，或者敏感度较低<ref>{{Cite web<br />
| url=http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/20098181133339687062.shtm<br />
| title=研究称尼安德特人也能“吃苦”<br />
| date=2009-08-18<br />
| accessdate=2010-08-09<br />
| publisher=科学网<br />
| archive-date=2010-12-28<br />
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228061848/http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/20098181133339687062.shtm<br />
| dead-url=no<br />
}}</ref>。 不过目前的研究表明该感受器相关基因的变异与否，并不是决定某个人是否此类苦味物质的{{tsl|en|Supertaster|超级品尝家}}的唯一因素。<ref name="pmid18209019">{{cite journal | author = Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Kidd JR, Duffy VB | title = Supertasting and PROP Bitterness Depends on More Than the TAS2R38 Gene | journal = Chem Senses | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 255–65 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18209019 | doi = 10.1093/chemse/bjm084 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== 引用 ==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== 深入阅读 ==<br />
{{refbegin | 2}}<br />
{{PBB_Further_reading <br />
| citations = <br />
*{{cite journal | author=Margolskee RF |title=Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_2002-01-04_277_1/page/n13 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–4 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11696554 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.R100054200 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H |title=Receptors for bitter and sweet taste. |journal=Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. |volume=12 |issue= 4 |pages= 366–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12139982 |doi=10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Kim UK, Drayna D |title=Genetics of individual differences in bitter taste perception: lessons from the PTC gene. |journal=Clin. Genet. |volume=67 |issue= 4 |pages= 275–80 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15733260 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00361.x }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Anne-Spence M, Falk CT, Neiswanger K, ''et al.'' |title=Estimating the recombination frequency for the PTC-Kell linkage. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-genetics_1984-07_67_2/page/183 |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=67 |issue= 2 |pages= 183–6 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6745938 |doi=10.1007/BF00272997 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Bufe B, Hofmann T, Krautwurst D, ''et al.'' |title=The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=32 |issue= 3 |pages= 397–401 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12379855 |doi= 10.1038/ng1014 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, ''et al.'' |title=Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. |journal=Cell |volume=112 |issue= 3 |pages= 293–301 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12581520 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A, ''et al.'' |title=Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family. |journal=Cytogenet. Genome Res. |volume=98 |issue= 1 |pages= 45–53 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12584440 |doi= 10.1159/000068546 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Kim UK, Jorgenson E, Coon H, ''et al.'' |title=Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2003-02-21_299_5610/page/1220 |journal=Science |volume=299 |issue= 5610 |pages= 1221–5 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12595690 |doi= 10.1126/science.1080190 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, ''et al.'' |title=Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=112 |issue= 5-6 |pages= 567–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12624758 |doi= 10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, ''et al.'' |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2003-05-02_300_5620/page/766 |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 | pmc=2882961 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Wooding S, Kim UK, Bamshad MJ, ''et al.'' |title=Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-human-genetics_2004-04_74_4/page/637 |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=74 |issue= 4 |pages= 637–46 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14997422 |doi= 10.1086/383092 | pmc=1181941 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Pronin AN, Tang H, Connor J, Keung W |title=Identification of ligands for two human bitter T2R receptors. |journal=Chem. Senses |volume=29 |issue= 7 |pages= 583–93 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15337684 |doi= 10.1093/chemse/bjh064 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, ''et al.'' |title=Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. |journal=Chem. Senses |volume=29 |issue= 8 |pages= 697–702 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15466815 |doi= 10.1093/chemse/bjh074 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S |title=Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes. | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_2005-03_22_3/page/432 |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=22 |issue= 3 |pages= 432–6 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15496549 |doi= 10.1093/molbev/msi027 }}<br />
*{{cite journal | author=Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N |title=Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates. |journal=Genetics |volume=170 |issue= 1 |pages= 313–26 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15744053 |doi= 10.1534/genetics.104.037523 | pmc=1449719 }}<br />
}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==参见==<br />
* [[苯硫脲]]<br />
* [[丙硫氧嘧啶]]<br />
* [[味觉]]<br />
* [[En|超级品尝家]]<br />
<br />
==外部链接==<br />
* {{MeshName|TAS2R38+protein,+human}}<br />
<br />
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{{transmembranereceptor-stub}}<br />
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{{G protein-coupled receptors}}<br />
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[[Category:基因]]<br />
[[Category:G蛋白耦联受体]]<br />
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