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{{Infobox programming language
| name = Scheme 48
| logo = 
| logo caption =
| screenshot = 
| screenshot caption =
| paradigms = [[编程范型|多范型]]: [[函数式编程|函数式]], [[过程式编程|过程式]], [[元编程]]
| family = [[Lisp]]/[[Scheme]]
| designers = Richard Kelsey, Jonathan Rees
| developers = Richard Kelsey, Jonathan Rees
| released = {{Start date and age|1987|03}}
| latest release version = 1.9.2
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2014|04|12|df=yes}}
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = 
| typing = [[动态类型|动态]], [[强类型]], {{le|潜在类型|Latent typing|潜在}}
| scope = [[作用域|词法]]
| programming language =
| platform =
| operating system = [[跨平台]]
| license = [[BSD许可证|BSD]]
| file ext =
| file format = 
| website = {{URL|s48.org}}
| implementations =
| dialects =
| influenced by =
| influenced =
| standard =
}}

'''Scheme 48'''是[[Scheme]]编程语言的一种方言，遵循了R<sup>5</sup>RS标准<ref>[http://s48.org/R5RS.html R5RS claim] {{Wayback|url=http://s48.org/R5RS.html |date=20210814142920 }}</ref>，这个实现使用了发送[[字节码]]的[[解释器]]<ref name="projhome">{{cite web |url=http://s48.org/ |title=Scheme 48 |last=Kelsey |first=Richard |last2=Rees |first2=Jonathan |website=S48.org |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2022-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421110509/https://www.s48.org/ }}</ref>。它有一个{{le|外界函数接口|foreign function interface}}用于调用来[[C语言|C]]语言的[[子程序|函数]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://s48.org/1.8/manual/manual-Z-H-9.html#node_sec_8.3 |title=The Incomplete Scheme 48 Reference Manual for release 1.8: Mixing Scheme 48 and C |last=Kelsey |first=Richard |last2=Rees |first2=Jonathan |last3=Sperber |first3=Mike |date=10 January 2008 |website=S48.org |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106115706/https://www.s48.org/1.8/manual/manual-Z-H-9.html#node_sec_8.3 }}, Chapter 8 in manual for version 1.8.</ref>，并带有一个[[正则表达式]]（regex）[[函式库|库]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://s48.org/1.8/manual/manual-Z-H-6.html#node_sec_5.20 |title=The Incomplete Scheme 48 Reference Manual for release 1.8: Regular Expressions |last=Kelsey |first=Richard |last2=Rees |first2=Jonathan |last3=Sperber |first3=Mike |date=10 January 2008 |website=S48.org |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2021-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104054701/https://www.s48.org/1.8/manual/manual-Z-H-6.html#node_sec_5.20 }}, Chapter 5 in manual for version 1.8.</ref>，和一个到可移植操作系统接口（[[POSIX]]）的接口<ref>{{cite web |url=http://s48.org/1.8/manual/manual-Z-H-10.html#node_chap_9 |title=The Incomplete Scheme 48 Reference Manual for release 1.8: Access to POSIX |last=Kelsey |first=Richard |last2=Rees |first2=Jonathan |last3=Sperber |first3=Mike |date=10 January 2008 |website=S48.org |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106041211/https://www.s48.org/1.8/manual/manual-Z-H-10.html#node_chap_9 }}, Chapter 9 in manual for version 1.8.</ref>。它支持可移植Scheme库{{le|SLIB}}，并且是Scheme shell {{le|Scsh}}的基础<ref name="projhome"/>。它已经被用于学术研究之中<ref>[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=581504 Final shift for call/cc: direct implementation of shift and reset]</ref>。它是在[[BSD许可证]]下发行的[[自由及开放源代码软件]]。

叫做“Scheme 48”是因为它的第一版是在1986年8月用48小时写成的<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mumble.net/~jar/s48/ |title=JAR's Scheme 48 Page |last=Rees |first=Jonathan A. |date= |website=Jonathan A. Rees |publisher=Mumble.net |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2021-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524202820/http://mumble.net/~jar/s48/ }}</ref> 。

==实现==
Scheme 48使用了一个[[虚拟机]]来解释[[字节码]]，它是用叫做PreScheme的一个Scheme的受限方言写成的，这个方言可以被转换成C并编译成本机二进制代码。PreScheme或写为Pre-Scheme，是静态类型的Scheme方言，具有C的高效性和低层机器访问，却保持了多数想要的Scheme特征<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Kelsey|title=Pre-Scheme: A Scheme Dialect for Systems Programming|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.4031|year=1997|access-date=2021-11-04|archive-date=2009-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814090128/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.4031}}</ref>。

{{Quote
|text=Pre-scheme是非常有价值的。我确信Kelsey曾发表了一篇关于它的论文。它在可以被装载入Scheme系统并运行代码的意义上是Scheme。但是它是有限制的 – 它要求你以允许完全的Hindley-Milner静态类型推论的风格来书写程序，而所有高阶过程都在编译时间被beta-代换了，这意味你可以*直接*将Prescheme程序转写“自然的”C代码而具有C水平的效率。这就是说，你可以将Prescheme看作对用于低层代码的C的真实舒适替代者。并且在拨转开关而转换到C代码之前，你可以在你选择的交互式Scheme开发环境中调试你的Prescheme程序，因为Prescheme就是受限的Scheme。Scheme 48字节码解释器是用Prescheme书写的。Prescheme差不多消亡了 – 除了他写的那篇学术论文，Kelsey从未有时间书写它的文档并将它变成其他人可以使用的独立工具（Ian Horswill在西北大学的小组是这个论断的一个例外 – 他们已经将Prescheme用于了有价值的工作。）
|author=Olin Shivers
|title="Olin Shivers: History of {{le|T (编程语言)|T (programming language)|T}}"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paulgraham.com/thist.html |title=Olin Shivers: History of T |last1=Shivers |first=Olin |date= |website=PaulGraham.com |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2022-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005031705/http://www.paulgraham.com/thist.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
}}

==引用==
{{Reflist|2}}

==外部链接==
* {{Official website|s48.org}}

{{Lisp programming language}}

[[Category:Scheme直譯器]]
[[Category:Scheme实现]]
[[Category:使用BSD许可证的软件]]

Scheme 48 - 版本历史

imported>ExultantEditor 来自 2025年12月26日 (五) 18:06