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BOTR：批量替換所有lang-xx模板為langx模板( V6.4.0.1 )

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{{For|SPDX，軟體材料表的標準|軟體包資料交換規範}}
{{网络协议}}
'''SPDY'''（發音如{{langx|en|speedy}}），一種[[開放原始碼|開放]]的[[網路傳輸協定]]，由[[Google]]开发，用來傳送網頁內容。基于[[传输控制协议]]（TCP）的[[应用层]]协议。SPDY也就是[[HTTP/2]]的前身。Google最早是在[[Chromium]]中提出的SPDY协议<ref name="SPDY white paper"/>。被用于[[Google Chrome]]浏览器中来访问Google的SSL加密服务。SPDY并不是[[首字母缩略字]]，而仅仅是"speedy"的缩写。SPDY现为Google的[[商标]]<ref name="permissions"/>。HTTP/2的關鍵功能主要來自SPDY技術，換言之，SPDY的成果被採納而最終演變為HTTP/2。

SPDY并不是一个标准协议，但SPDY的开发组推动SPDY成为正式标准，而成为了[[互联网草案]]<ref name="spdy-ietf-draft"/>。後來SPDY未能單獨成為正式標準，不過SPDY開發組的成員全程參與了[[HTTP/2]]的制定過程。[[Google Chrome]]<ref name="spdy-in-chrome"/>、[[Mozilla Firefox]]、[[Safari]]、[[Opera電腦瀏覽器|Opera]]、[[Internet Explorer]]<ref name="ie11">{{cite web|url=http://microsoft-news.com/webgl-spdy3-new-dev-tools-more-confirmed-for-ie11-in-win-8-1/|title=IE11 SPDY/3 confirmed|date=2013-06-25|accessdate=2013-06-25|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HmU8vbFU?url=http://microsoft-news.com/webgl-spdy3-new-dev-tools-more-confirmed-for-ie11-in-win-8-1/|archive-date=2013-07-01|dead-url=yes}}</ref>等主要瀏覽器均已經或曾經支持SPDY协议。SPDY协议类似于[[HTTP]]，但旨在缩短[[网页]]的加载时间和提高安全性。SPDY协议通过压缩、[[多路复用]]和优先级来缩短加载时间<ref name="SPDY white paper"/>。HTTP/2協議完成之後，Google認為SPDY可以功成身退了<ref name="SPDY deprecated"/>，於是最終Google Chrome淘汰對SPDY的支援，全面改為採用HTTP/2。

== 设计 ==
设计SPDY的目的在于降低网页的加载时间<ref name="2x-faster-web"/>。通过优先级和[[多路复用]]，SPDY使得只需要建立一个[[传输控制协议|TCP]]连接即可传送网页内容及图片等资源<ref name="SPDY white paper"/><ref name="ars"/>。SPDY中广泛应用了[[传输层安全|TLS]]加密，传输内容也均以[[gzip]]或[[DEFLATE]]格式压缩（与HTTP不同，HTTP的头部并不会被压缩）。另外，除了像HTTP的网页服务器被动的等待浏览器发起请求外，SPDY的网页服务器还可以主动推送内容<ref name="pro-linux"/>。

== 与HTTP的关系 ==
SPDY并不用于取代HTTP，它只是修改了HTTP的请求与应答在网络上传输的方式<ref name="SPDY white paper"/>；这意味着只需增加一个SPDY传输层，现有的所有服务端应用均不用做任何修改。

当使用SPDY的方式传输，HTTP请求会被处理、标记简化和压缩。比如，每一个SPDY端点会持续跟踪每一个在之前的请求中已经发送的HTTP报文头部，从而避免重复发送还未改变的头部。而还未发送的报文的数据部分将在被压缩后被发送。

== 浏览器支持 ==
*[[Google Chrome]]和[[Chromium]]已经支持SPDY<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/net/spdy/ |title=Chromium SPDY client implementation |accessdate=2012-03-10 |archive-date=2013-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624200900/http://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/net/spdy/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-proxy-examples |title=Chromium: SPDY proxy examples |access-date=2012-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223230407/http://www.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-proxy-examples |archive-date=2010-12-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。
*[[Mozilla Firefox]]自11.0开始内嵌支持SPDY，但默认并不使用<ref name="mozilla-bug-tracker"/><ref>Firefox中键入about:config，查找network.http.spdy.enabled并设置为true即可启用该功能。</ref>。从Firefox 13开始默认开启对SPDY的支持<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=724563 |title=Mozilla Bug 724563 |accessdate=2012-03-10 |archive-date=2013-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035829/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=724563 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
*[[Opera電腦瀏覽器|Opera]]从12.10开始支持SPDY<ref>[http://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/net/spdy/ Chromium SPDY client implementation] {{Wayback|url=http://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/net/spdy/ |date=20130624200900 }}.</ref><ref>[http://www.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-proxy-examples Chromium: SPDY proxy examples] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-proxy-examples |date=20101223230407 }}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unified/1210/ |title=Opera 12.10 Changelog |access-date=2012-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004948/http://www.opera.com/docs/changelogs/unified/1210/ |archive-date=2013-07-31 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。
*[[Internet Explorer]]从[[IE 11]]开始支持SPDY<ref name="ie11"/>。
*[[Safari]]從8.0（[[OS X Yosemite]]及[[iOS 8]]）開始支援SPDY。
=== Chrome 移除 SPDY ===
2015年9月，Google 宣布了计划，移除对SPDY的支持，改支援HTTP/2<ref>{{cite web|title=Hello HTTP/2, Goodbye SPDY|url=http://blog.chromium.org/2015/02/hello-http2-goodbye-spdy.html|work=Chromium Blog|quote=Update: To better align with Chrome's release cycle, SPDY and NPN support will be removed with the release of Chrome 51.|date=2015-02-09|author1=Chris Bentzel|author2=Bence Béky|accessdate=2017-07-01|archive-date=2017-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308172618/https://blog.chromium.org/2015/02/hello-http2-goodbye-spdy.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。此更動在Chrome 51中生效。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2016/04/chrome-51-deprecations?hl=en#remove-support-for-spdy31 |title=API Deprecations and Removals in Chrome 51 |quote=TL;DR: Support for HTTP/2 is widespread enough that SPDY/3.1 support can be dropped. |accessdate=2017-07-01 |archive-date=2017-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201020227/https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2016/04/chrome-51-deprecations?hl=en#remove-support-for-spdy31 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nginx.com/blog/supporting-http2-google-chrome-users/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2017-07-01 |archive-date=2017-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424032933/https://www.nginx.com/blog/supporting-http2-google-chrome-users/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 参见 ==
* [[超文本传输协议]]
* [[HTTP/2]]
* [[QUIC]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="SPDY white paper">{{cite web
| url = http://dev.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-whitepaper
| title = SPDY: An experimental protocol for a faster web
| work = Chromium Developer Documentation
| accessdate = 2009-11-13
| archive-date = 2018-02-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180203071051/http://dev.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-whitepaper
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="spdy-in-chrome">{{cite web
| url = https://groups.google.com/group/spdy-dev/browse_thread/thread/4c2396ecbc36b1c4
| title = SPDY on Google servers?
| accessdate = 2012-02-28
| archive-date = 2013-06-19
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130619134724/https://groups.google.com/group/spdy-dev/browse_thread/thread/4c2396ecbc36b1c4
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="spdy-ietf-draft">{{cite web
| url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mbelshe-httpbis-spdy-00
| title = SPDY Protocol
| accessdate = 2012-02-08
| archive-date = 2021-04-17
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213138/https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mbelshe-httpbis-spdy-00
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="permissions">{{cite web
| url = http://www.google.com/permissions/guidelines.html
| title = Google Permissions: Guidelines for Third Party Use of Google Brand Features
| publisher = Google
| accessdate = September 30, 2011
| archive-date = 2020-05-01
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200501222856/http://www.google.com/permissions/guidelines.html
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="2x-faster-web">{{cite web
|url = http://blog.chromium.org/2009/11/2x-faster-web.html
|title = A 2x Faster Web
|date = 2009-11-11
|publisher = Official Google Chromium Blog
|accessdate = 2009-11-13
|archive-date = 2012-04-10
|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/66pN0Xd69?url=http://blog.chromium.org/2009/11/2x-faster-web.html
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="ars">{{cite web
|url = http://arstechnica.com/web/news/2009/11/spdy-google-wants-to-speed-up-the-web-by-ditching-http.ars
|title = SPDY: Google wants to speed up the web by ditching HTTP
|author = Iljitsch van Beijnum
|work = Ars Technica
|date = 2009-11-12
|accessdate = 2009-11-13
|archive-date = 2012-04-26
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426070348/http://arstechnica.com/web/news/2009/11/spdy-google-wants-to-speed-up-the-web-by-ditching-http.ars
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="pro-linux">{{cite web
|url = http://www.pro-linux.de/news/2009/14950.html
|date = 13 November 2009
|title = Google stellt HTTP-Alternative SPDY vor
|author = Mirko Lindner
|accessdate = 2011-10-21
|archive-date = 2009-11-16
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091116114532/http://www.pro-linux.de/news/2009/14950.html
|dead-url = no
}}{{de icon}}</ref>
<ref name="mozilla-bug-tracker">{{cite web
| url = https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=528288
| title = Mozilla Bug 528288 - Implement SPDY protocol
| access-date = 2012-03-10
| archive-date = 2012-11-06
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121106150444/https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=528288
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
<ref name="SPDY deprecated">{{cite web
| url = http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/94008
| title = Google準備淘汰SPDY改採HTTP/2
| date = 2015-02-10
| newspaper = iThome
| access-date = 2016-10-21
| archive-date = 2021-01-18
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210118100755/https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/94008
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
}}

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[[Category:服务器]]
[[Category:网络协议]]
[[Category:应用层协议]]
[[Category:万维网]]
[[Category:Google軟體]]

SPDY - 版本历史

imported>Willy1018-bot：​BOTR：批量替換所有lang-xx模板為langx模板( V6.4.0.1 )

imported>Willy1018-bot：BOTR：批量替換所有lang-xx模板為langx模板( V6.4.0.1 )