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{{Supernova
| name = SN 1979C
| image = [[File:SN1979C in M100.jpg|260px]] M100的图像，箭头所指的天体即为SN 1979C
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]
| type = [[II型超新星|II-L]]<ref>{{cite web|author=A. RAY,R. PETRE,E. M. SCHLEGEL|url=http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/122/2/966/201135.text.html|title=CHANDRA AND ASCA X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE II-L SUPERNOVA SN 1979C IN NGC 4321
|date=2010-11-17|language=en}}</ref>
| SNRtype = 不詳
| host = [[M100]]
| constellation = [[后发座]]
| ra = 12h 22m 58.58s
| dec = +15° 47′ 52.7″
| gal = G271.2454 +76.8848
| discovery = 1979
| iauc =
| mag_v = +12.23
| distance = 52.5百万[[光年]]
| progenitor = ?
| progenitor_type = ?
| b-v = ?
| notes =
}}
'''SN 1979C'''是一颗距离[[地球]]约5千万[[光年]]，位于[[后发座]]的[[螺旋星系]][[M100]]中的II-L型[[超新星]]，由美国马里兰州的天文爱好者Gus E. Johnson在1979年4月19日<ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Edmonds|url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/chronicle/0410/sn1979c/index.html|title=The Man Who Discovered SN 1979C and Beat the Machines|language=en|date=2010-11-16|accessdate=2010-11-17|archive-date=2010-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124075608/http://chandra.harvard.edu/chronicle/0410/sn1979c/index.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>发现。該顆超新星屬於核塌縮超新星，也就是巨大恆星的核心劇烈塌縮，最後造成整顆恆星爆炸。這樣的恆星質量必須至少是太陽的9倍<ref>{{cite journal | last=Gilmore | first=Gerry | title=The Short Spectacular Life of a Superstar | journal=Science | year=2004 | volume=304 | issue=5697 | pages=1915–1916 | url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;304/5679/1915 | accessdate=2007-05-01 | doi=10.1126/science.1100370 | pmid=15218132 | archive-date=2009-02-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201145923/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;304/5679/1915 | dead-url=no }}</ref>。形成該超新星的前身恆星其質量推測應為太陽的20倍<ref name="ut">{{cite web|title=Has a Recent, Nearby Supernova Become a Baby Black Hole?|url=http://www.universetoday.com/78836/has-a-recent-nearby-supernova-become-a-baby-black-hole/|author=Nancy Atkinson|date=November 15, 2010|publisher=[[Universe Today]]|accessdate=2010-11-18|archive-date=2010-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118012846/http://www.universetoday.com/78836/has-a-recent-nearby-supernova-become-a-baby-black-hole/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 遺跡 ==
2010年11月15日，[[NASA]] 宣布發現了該次超新星爆炸遺留下黑洞的證據。任職於[[哈佛－史密松天体物理中心]]的天文學家 Dan Patnaude 領導的團隊分析[[美国国家航空航天局]]的[[钱德拉X射线天文台|錢德拉望遠鏡]]、[[欧洲航天局]]的[[XMM-牛顿卫星]]和德国[[伦琴卫星]]於1995到2007年观测的資料進行分析<ref name="nasa">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/nov/HQ_10-299_CHANDRA.html|title=NASA'S Chandra Finds Youngest Nearby Black Hole|date=Nov 15, 2010|publisher=[[NASA]]|accessdate=2010-11-15|author=Trent Perrotto|coauthors=Janet Anderson, Megan Watzke|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211944/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/nov/HQ_10-299_CHANDRA.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。天文學家觀測到一个明亮的[[X射线]]源，並判定可能有物質從[[超新星]]或[[聯星]]中的其中一顆成員星進入該射線源。然而，另一個可能的解釋是X射線輻射可能來自由高速自轉[[脈衝星]]形成的[[脈衝風星雲]]，類似[[蟹狀星雲]]的狀況<ref name="nasa"/>。這兩個概念是已知數種X射線來源的可能機制。物體落入黑洞時會發射出X射線，而非黑洞本身發出輻射。落入強大引力場的氣體會被加熱產生X射線等不同波長的輻射。这个X射线源在1995年到2007年期间一直非常稳定，基本可以确定是一个[[黑洞]]。这也是人类观察到的最年轻的黑洞<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/nov/HQ_10-299_CHANDRA.html |title=NASA'S Chandra Finds Youngest Nearby Black Hole |accessdate=2010-11-15 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211944/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/nov/HQ_10-299_CHANDRA.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。但还需要更进一步的观察才能确定它不是[[中子星]]或[[脉冲星]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Phil Plait|title=Astronomers may have found youngest black hole|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/11/15/astronomers-may-have-found-youngest-black-hole/|accessdate=2010-11-16|archive-date=2010-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116020919/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/11/15/astronomers-may-have-found-youngest-black-hole/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

天文學家也在無線電波的波長對 SN 1979C 進行觀測，並使用1985到1990年間以位於[[美國]][[新墨西哥州]][[甚大天线阵]]對它觀測的資料繪製出[[光變曲線]]<ref name="astro">{{cite journal |author=Weiler, K. W.|coauthors=van Dyk, S. D., Discenna, J. L., Panagia, N., & Sramek, R. A. |year=1991 |title=The 10 year radio light curves for SN 1979C |journal=Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X)|volume= 380|pages= 161–166 |bibcode=1991ApJ...380..161W |doi = 10.1086/170571 }}</ref>。

[[File:Animation of Supernova Producing a Black Hole (SN 1979C).ogv|right|frame|[[NASA]]制作的描述SN 1979C从超新星变为黑洞的动画]]

==參見==
*[[超新星观测史]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

== 外部連結 ==
* [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=SN+1979C&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id 在M100的SN 1979C]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=SN+1979C&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |date=20160312103559 }}
* [http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/podcasts/ts/ts151110_hd.html A Tour of SN 1979C (narration of podcast by Dr. Dan Patnaude)]{{Wayback|url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/podcasts/ts/ts151110_hd.html |date=20101220013027 }}

[[Category:后发座]]
[[Category:超新星]]
[[Category:黑洞]]
[[Category:1979年发现的超新星]]

SN 1979C - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​补救8个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.8

imported>InternetArchiveBot：补救8个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.8