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{{noteTA|G1=核能
|1= zh-cn:堆芯熔毁; zh-hant:爐心熔解; zh-hk:爐心熔解;
|2= zh-cn:堆芯; zh-hant:爐心; zh-hk:爐心
}}
[[File:US AEC SL-1.JPG|thumb|SL-1核反應堆]]

'''SL-1'''（{{langx|en|'''Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One'''|lit='''固定低功率反应堆1号'''}})，是[[美国陆军]]的实验性[[核反应堆]]，1961年1月3日经历了[[蒸汽爆炸]]和[[堆芯熔毀]]，造成3名操作人员死亡，其中一人被[[控制棒]]屏蔽塞（control rod shield plug）釘在天花板上<ref name=sdcapj4>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EaASAAAAIBAJ&pg=4433%2C513325 |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=(Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=3 die in reactor blast |date=January 4, 1961 |page=1 |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520010514/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EaASAAAAIBAJ&pg=4433,513325 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=3kdin>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uHkvAAAAIBAJ&pg=6455%2C479786 |work=Deseret News |location=(Salt Lake City, Utah) |last=Hale |first=Steve |title=3 killed in severe blast at Idaho A-reactor site |date=January 4, 1961 |page=A1 |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520010513/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uHkvAAAAIBAJ&pg=6455,479786 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=lmtj5>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zntfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3951%2C484527 |work=Lewiston Morning Tribune |location=(Idaho) |agency=Associated Press |title=Reactor blast kills three, pours out radiation |date=January 5, 1961 |page=1 |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520010513/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zntfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3951,484527 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=srapj5>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zTJWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5509%2C1196197 |work=Spokesman-Review |location=(Spokane, Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=3 technicians die in reactor blast |date=January 5, 1961 |page=2 |accessdate=2023-12-08 |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520010514/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zTJWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5509,1196197 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。事故的直接原因是负责吸收[[中子]]的控制棒在设计不佳的堆芯中不当撤出。它仍然是[[美国]]唯一一起造成立即死亡的反應爐事故<ref name=ProvePrinciple16>{{cite book| last= Stacy| first= Susan M.| title= Proving the Principle: A History of The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 1949–1999| publisher= [[U.S. Department of Energy]], Idaho Operations Office| date= 2000| pages= 150–57| chapter= Chapter 16: The Aftermath| chapter-url= http://www4vip.inl.gov/publications/d/proving-the-principle/chapter_15.pdf| isbn= 0-16-059185-6| access-date= 2015-09-08| archive-date= 2016-12-29| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161229141617/http://www4vip.inl.gov/publications/d/proving-the-principle/chapter_15.pdf| url-status= dead}}</ref>。

事故發生時，堆芯功率水平在短短4[[毫秒]]內達到近20[[瓦特#吉瓦|吉瓦]]（GW），引發爆炸<ref>{{cite journal |journal= System Failure Case Studies |url= http://pbma.nasa.gov/docs/public/pbma/general/sl1_sfcs.pdf |publisher= NASA |title= Supercritical |editor= Steve Wander |volume= 1 |issue= 4 |date= February 2007 |access-date= 2007-10-05 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071127025626/http://pbma.nasa.gov/docs/public/pbma/general/sl1_sfcs.pdf |archive-date= 2007-11-27}}</ref><ref>[https://fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/la-3611.pdf LA-3611 ''A Review of Criticality Accidents''] {{Wayback|url=https://fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/la-3611.pdf|date=20170224131611}}, William R. Stratton, [[Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory]], 1967</ref><ref name=la13638>[http://www.orau.org/ptp/library/accidents/la-13638.pdf LA-13638 ''A Review of Criticality Accidents'' (2000 Revision)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.orau.org/ptp/library/accidents/la-13638.pdf |date=20070926101253 }}, Thomas P. McLaughlin, et al., [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], 2000.</ref>。这次事故释放了大约80[[居里 (单位)|居里]]的[[碘-131]]，大约1100居里的[[核裂变]]产物被释放到了大气中。

[[File:Sl-1-ineel61-9.jpg|thumb|檢查附近爱达荷州20號高速公路是否有[[放射性污染]].]]
该设施位于爱达荷州[[爱达荷福尔斯]]以西約65公里處偏远沙漠地区的国家反应堆试验站（即後來的[[爱达荷国家实验室]]），是陆军核电计划的一部分，最初名爲阿尔贡低功率反应堆（Argonne Low Power Reactor，ALPR），旨在为远程军事设施提供小型电力和热能，如靠近[[北極圈]]的[[雷达|雷达站]]和{{Link-en|远距离预警线|Distant Early Warning Line}}。设计[[功率]]为3兆瓦（MW）[[热能]]。操作功率为200千瓦（KW）[[電力|电力]]和400千瓦热能的局部[[暖气]]。

==參考文獻==

{{Reflist}}

==外部連結==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061014033028/http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/ INEEL Publication "Proving the Principle"]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20110807212441/http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_15.pdf Chapter 15 "The SL-1 Reactor" ] 9.5 MB PDF
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20121101024857/http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_16.pdf Chapter 16 "The Aftermath"] 4.3 MB PDF
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130524190753/http://www.id.doe.gov/foia/archive.htm US Department of Energy Idaho Freedom of Information Act request archives], including eight documents on the SL-1 accident.

{{Nuclear power in the United States}}
{{核事故}}

[[Category:核事故]]
[[Category:愛達荷州核電站]]
[[Category:核反应堆]]
[[Category:爱达荷州灾难]]
[[Category:1961年美國]]
[[Category:美國核電站]]

SL-1 - 版本历史

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