imported>Jimmy-bot：机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类）（Cat:2022年成立的日本公司→Cat:2022年建立的日本公司

2026-01-18T03:21:10Z

机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类）（Cat:2022年成立的日本公司→Cat:2022年建立的日本公司

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{{Infobox company
| name = Rapidus Corporation
| native_name = Rapidus株式会社
| logo = Rapidus logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
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| type = 私人株式会社
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| industry = 半导体
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| founded = {{Start date and age|2022|08|10}}
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| key_people = 東哲郎（主席）<ref>{{Cite web |title=IBM and Rapidus Team Up to Advance Semiconductor Ecosystem in Japan - News |url=https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/ibm-and-rapidus-team-up-to-advance-semiconductor-ecosystem-in-japan/ |date=2022-12-22 |first=Aaron |last=Carman |website=allaboutcircuits.com |language=en |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205050248/https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/ibm-and-rapidus-team-up-to-advance-semiconductor-ecosystem-in-japan/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> <br/>小池淳義（总裁兼首席执行官）
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| website = {{URL|https://www.rapidus.inc/}}
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'''Rapidus'''（{{langx|ja|Rapidus株式会社}}、{{jpn|j=ラピダス|rm=rapidasu|f=y}}；{{langx|en|Rapidus Corporation }}）是一家总部位于[[日本]][[东京都]][[千代田区]]的[[半導體製造廠|半导体制造商]]。Rapidus于2022年8月在八家日本大公司的支持下成立，这八家公司包括：[[电装]]、[[铠侠]]、[[三菱日联银行]]、[[日本电气]]、[[日本电信电话]]、[[软银]]、[[索尼]]和[[丰田汽车]]。Rapidus的目标是到2027年提高[[2纳米制程]][[半导体]]的产能<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foster |first=Scott |date=2022-12-16 |title=Japan's Rapidus positioning to win 2nm chip race |url=https://asiatimes.com/2022/12/japans-rapidus-positioning-to-win-2nm-chip-race/ |website=Asia Times |language=en-US |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223104309/https://asiatimes.com/2022/12/japans-rapidus-positioning-to-win-2nm-chip-race/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 背景历史 ==
20世纪80年代，日本的半导体产业竞争激烈，全球市场份额达到了50%<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-11 |title=半導体新会社ラピダス発足日本勢「空白の10年」挽回へ |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC111LO0R11C22A1000000/ |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425224223/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC111LO0R11C22A1000000/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。然而，为解决贸易摩擦，以及[[韩国]]和[[台湾]]的崛起，1986年日美半导体协定逐渐降低了日本的竞争力<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan's Semiconductor Industrial Policy from the 1970s to Today |url=https://www.csis.org/blogs/perspectives-innovation/japans-semiconductor-industrial-policy-1970s-today |first=Hideki |last=Uno |date=2022-09-19 |publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |website=CSIS.org |language=en |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215143856/https://www.csis.org/blogs/perspectives-innovation/japans-semiconductor-industrial-policy-1970s-today |dead-url=no }}</ref>。1999年，[[尔必达]]成立，通过整合[[日立製作所|日立]]和[[日本电气]]的[[动态随机存取存储器]]（DRAM）业务，逐渐掌握了半导体存储器领域的市场份额，并接管了三菱电机的业务。在某个时期，Elpida在该领域获得了全球第三大市场份额。然而，由于[[雷曼兄弟迷你債券事件]]和随后的日元升值衰退，2009年管理状况恶化，尽管政府提供了资金支持，但公司于2012年破产<ref>{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |title=トヨタ・ソニーなど国内8社出資先端半導体の国産化へ新会社 {{!}} NHK |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20221110/k10013886691000.html |website=NHKニュース |language=ja |date=2022-11-10 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128165459/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20221110/k10013886691000.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。2013年，尔必达被[[美光科技]]收购<ref>Dylan McGrath, EETimes. "[http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1319103 Micron Closes Elpida Acquisition] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1319103 |date=20190627053822 }}." July 31, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2017.</ref>，并于次年改名为美光内存日本（Micron Memory Japan）<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-01-23 |title=エルピーダ、2月28日から社名を「マイクロンメモリジャパン」に変更 |url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20140123-a545/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=マイナビニュース |language=ja |archive-date=2023-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122131522/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20140123-a545/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。由于包括台积电、三星电子和英特尔在内的公司的国际竞争，截至2019年，日本公司在整个半导体行业的市场份额已降至10%<ref>{{Cite web |title=かつての「半導体大国」からの凋落。日本に半導体不足を解消する力はあるか {{!}} 集英社オンライン {{!}} 毎日が、あたらしい |url=https://shueisha.online/culture/50003 |website=shueisha.online |language=ja |date=2022-09-04 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112101836/https://shueisha.online/culture/50003 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/06/20210604008/20210603008-4.pdf |language=ja |title=Semiconductor Strategy (Overview) |publisher=[[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]] |date=2021-06-03 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218043409/https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/06/20210604008/20210603008-4.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2022年5月，美国总统[[乔·拜登]]和日本首相[[岸田文雄]]在东京会面，讨论了包括半导体、核电、太空探索、电动汽车电池、关键矿物质和供应链在内的重要技术的增强合作<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan, U.S. to deepen economic security ties amid supply disruptions |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/05/cc4325b3a20e-japan-us-to-deepen-semiconductor-alliance-amid-supply-crunch.html |date=2022-05-23 |website=Kyodo News+ |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206114641/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/05/cc4325b3a20e-japan-us-to-deepen-semiconductor-alliance-amid-supply-crunch.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。6月7日，第二次岸田内阁的基本政策宣布考虑支持开发下一代先进技术的私营公司，并在2022年后半期建立下一代半导体的设计和制造基础设施。2022年7月29日，美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯、美国商务部长吉娜·莱蒙多、日本外务大臣林芳正和日本贸易大臣萩生田光一举行了高层会谈，讨论半导体发展的合作<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Simon |last2=Brunnstrom |first2=David |date=2022-07-30 |title=U.S., Japan to cooperate on semiconductors as part of new economic dialogue |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-japan-set-agree-joint-research-semiconductors-media-2022-07-29/ |accessdate=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404040743/http://www.reuters.com/technology/us-japan-set-agree-joint-research-semiconductors-media-2022-07-29/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。此外，岸田文雄首相在2022年10月3日的国会第210次会议上的政策演讲包括通过鼓励公共和私人投资来推动數位转型（DX），并宣布将通过日美合作促进下一代半导体的技术发展和大规模生产。[[经济产业省]]（METI）决定设立先进半导体技术中心（LSTC）作为一个组织，在日美双方基于5月半导体合作的基本原则达成的协议的基础上进行下一代半导体研究。LSTC和Rapidus合作，在日本建立下一代半导体的设计和制造平台<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2022/11/20221111004/20221111004-1.pdf |language=ja |title=Toward the Establishment of a Design and Manufacturing Platform for Next-Generation Semiconductors |publisher=[[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]] |date=2022-11-11 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202085626/https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2022/11/20221111004/20221111004-1.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==公司历史 ==
=== 2022年 ===
2022年8月10日，由八家日本公司共同投资73亿日元成立了Rapidus<ref>{{Cite web |title=2nm世代の国産化へ、国内8社出資の製造会社Rapidus始動 |url=https://eetimes.itmedia.co.jp/ee/articles/2211/11/news155.html |website=EE Times Japan |language=ja |date=2022-11-11 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213134403/https://eetimes.itmedia.co.jp/ee/articles/2211/11/news155.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，旨在国内生产先进的半导体芯片，预计在未来10年内将进一步投资360亿美元<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=日本の次世代半導体開発・製造へ向けて2つの新組織が始動へ |url=https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20221110-2509444/ |website=TECH+（テックプラス） |language=ja |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131165103/https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20221110-2509444/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sposato |first=William |title=Japan Bets Big on Bringing Semiconductor Manufacturing Home |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/01/09/japan-semiconductor-chip-manufacturing-china/ |date=2023-01-09 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129135633/https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/01/09/japan-semiconductor-chip-manufacturing-china/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。Rapidus由曾领导[[東京威力科創|东京电子]]的東哲郎<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tetsuro Higashi (Former Chairman, President & CEO) Receives the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star |url=https://www.tel.com/news/topics/2020/20200430_004.html |date=2020-04-30 |publisher=Tokyo Electron |language=en |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042704/https://www.tel.com/news/topics/2020/20200430_004.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>和曾领导西部数据日本子公司的小池淳義<ref>{{Cite web |first=Yuki |last=Yamaguchi |title=FOCUS: New Japanese chipmaker Rapidus joins development, investment race |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/11/91e476f85682-focus-new-japanese-chipmaker-rapidus-joins-development-investment-race.html |date=2022-11-17 |website=Kyodo News+ |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128060716/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/11/91e476f85682-focus-new-japanese-chipmaker-rapidus-joins-development-investment-race.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>共同领导。同年，经济产业省和新能源和产业技术开发机构公开征集与加强5G后通信系统基础有关的先进半导体开发委托项目，结果政府为Rapidus提供了700亿日元的补贴<ref>{{Cite web |title=【独自】「次世代半導体」の新会社を設立 NTT・キオクシアなどが出資へ｜テレ東BIZ（テレビ東京ビジネスオンデマンド） |url=https://txbiz.tv-tokyo.co.jp/readings/1209 |website=テレビ東京 |language=ja |date=2022-11-10 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126155248/https://txbiz.tv-tokyo.co.jp/readings/1209 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan's Rapidus Seeks Billions of Dollars to Reboot Chip Sector |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/japan-rapidus-seeks-billions-dollars-045705424.html |first1=Takashi |last1=Mochizuki |first2=Yuki |last2=Furukawa |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042944/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/japan-rapidus-seeks-billions-dollars-045705424.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2022年12月6日，[[校际微电子中心]]宣布已与Rapidus签署了合作备忘录，双方将在先进半导体技术上建立长期和可持续的合作关系，而Rapidus计划在2020年后半期在日本大规模生产2纳米技术的芯片<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imec and Rapidus sign Memorandum of Cooperation to collaborate on advanced semiconductor technologies|url=http://www.rapidus.inc/news_topics/information/imec-and-rapidus-sign-memorandum-of-cooperation-to-collaborate-on-advanced-semiconductor-technologies/|date=2022-12-06|publisher=Rapidus|access-date=2023-04-26|archive-date=2023-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309062626/https://www.rapidus.inc/news_topics/information/imec-and-rapidus-sign-memorandum-of-cooperation-to-collaborate-on-advanced-semiconductor-technologies/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Imec and Rapidus sign Memorandum of Cooperation to collaborate on advanced semiconductor technologies |url=http://www.imec-int.com/en/press/imec-and-rapidus-sign-memorandum-cooperation-collaborate-advanced-semiconductor-technologies |date=2022-12-06 |publisher=IMEC |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208023603/https://www.imec-int.com/en/press/imec-and-rapidus-sign-memorandum-cooperation-collaborate-advanced-semiconductor-technologies |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Imec to cooperate with Japan's Rapidus on 2nm technology |url=http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20221207VL204/imec-japan-rapidus.html |date=2022-12-07 |website=DIGITIMES |language=en |last=Lu |first=Misha |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130183716/https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20221207VL204/imec-japan-rapidus.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Shannon |date=2022-12-07 |title=Imec and Rapidus Sign Memorandum of Cooperation to Collaborate on Advanced Semiconductor Technologies |url=http://www.semiconductor-digest.com/imec-and-rapidus-sign-memorandum-of-cooperation-to-collaborate-on-advanced-semiconductor-technologies/ |website=Semiconductor Digest |language=en-US |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201083155/https://www.semiconductor-digest.com/imec-and-rapidus-sign-memorandum-of-cooperation-to-collaborate-on-advanced-semiconductor-technologies/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2022年12月13日，IBM和Rapidus宣布开发了2纳米节点技术，IBM于2021年先前宣布的纳米片栅环绕[[场效应晶体管]]（GAA FET）器件的生产将由Rapidus在其日本晶圆厂完成<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.ibm.com/2021-05-06-IBM-Unveils-Worlds-First-2-Nanometer-Chip-Technology,-Opening-a-New-Frontier-for-Semiconductors |title=IBM Unveils World's First 2 Nanometer Chip Technology, Opening a New Frontier for Semiconductors |date=2021-05-06 |publisher=IBM |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318014633/https://newsroom.ibm.com/2021-05-06-IBM-Unveils-Worlds-First-2-Nanometer-Chip-Technology,-Opening-a-New-Frontier-for-Semiconductors |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.ibm.com/2022-12-12-IBM-and-Rapidus-Form-Strategic-Partnership-to-Build-Advanced-Semiconductor-Technology-and-Ecosystem-in-Japan |title=IBM and Rapidus Form Strategic Partnership to Build Advanced Semiconductor Technology and Ecosystem in Japan |date=2022-12-13 |publisher=IBM |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422160119/https://newsroom.ibm.com/2022-12-12-IBM-and-Rapidus-Form-Strategic-Partnership-to-Build-Advanced-Semiconductor-Technology-and-Ecosystem-in-Japan |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rapidus.inc/news_topics/information/ibm-and-rapidus-form-strategic-partnership-to-build-advanced-semiconductor-technology-and-ecosystem-in-japan/ |title=IBM and Rapidus Form Strategic Partnership to Build Advanced Semiconductor Technology and Ecosystem in Japan |date=2022-12-13 |publisher=Rapidus |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309062626/https://www.rapidus.inc/news_topics/information/ibm-and-rapidus-form-strategic-partnership-to-build-advanced-semiconductor-technology-and-ecosystem-in-japan/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rapidus.inc/news_topics/news-info/press-release-ibm-rapidus/ |title=IBMとRapidus、戦略的パートナーシップを締結、日本における先端半導体技術とエコシステムの共創を目指す |date=2022-12-13 |language=ja |publisher=Rapidus |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309062626/https://www.rapidus.inc/news_topics/news-info/press-release-ibm-rapidus/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan to Manufacture 2nm Chips With a Little Help From IBM |url=http://www.pcmag.com/news/japan-to-manufacture-2nm-chips-with-a-little-help-from-ibm |date=2022-12-13 |first=Matthew |last=Humphries |website=PCMAG |language=en |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330202835/https://www.pcmag.com/news/japan-to-manufacture-2nm-chips-with-a-little-help-from-ibm |dead-url=no }}</ref>。Rapidus旨在生产的2纳米半导体芯片预计将比2022年市场上的7纳米芯片性能提高多达45％，能耗降低75％<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |first=Mike |last=Wheatley |title=IBM partners with new Japanese chipmaker Rapidus on advanced chip production |url=https://siliconangle.com/2022/12/14/ibm-partners-new-japanese-chipmaker-rapidus-advanced-2nm-chip-production/ |website=SiliconANGLE |language=en-US |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2022-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222181930/https://siliconangle.com/2022/12/14/ibm-partners-new-japanese-chipmaker-rapidus-advanced-2nm-chip-production/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> 。

=== 2023年 ===
2023年1月，Rapidus和IBM的代表参加了日本贸易大臣萩生田的继任者西村康稔和美国商务部长莱蒙多之间的会议<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan minister calls for new world order to counter rise of authoritarian regimes |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14808689 |date=2023-01-06 |website=The Asahi Shimbun |language=en |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120094249/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14808689 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2023年2月，Rapidus宣布选定位于北海道千岁市新千岁机场附近的场地作为其计划中工厂的所在地<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Hokkaido chip plant will ‘stun the world,’ Rapidus says |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14851046 |first1=Kenji |last1=Izawa |first2=Satoshi |last2=Shinden |first3=Takumi |last3=Wakai |date=2023-03-01 |website=The Asahi Shimbun |language=en |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405175002/https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14851046 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=半導体会社ラピダス、千歳進出へ最終調整工場候補地に｢美々ワールド｣：北海道新聞デジタル |url=https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/804137 |date=2023-02-19 |website=北海道新聞デジタル |language=ja |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405174456/https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/804137 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。Rapidus还于2023年4月加入IMEC的“核心合作伙伴计划”，加强了与后者的合作伙伴关系<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapidus joins imec’s Core Partner Program - News |url=https://siliconsemiconductor.net/article-gen/116464 |date=2023-04-04 |website=Silicon Semiconductor |language=en}}</ref>。

== 另见 ==
* [[尔必达存储器]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:2022年建立的日本公司]]
[[Category:日本半導體公司]]
[[Category:千代田區公司]]

Rapidus - 版本历史

imported>Jimmy-bot：​机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类） （Cat:2022年成立的日本公司→Cat:2022年建立的日本公司

imported>Jimmy-bot：机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类）（Cat:2022年成立的日本公司→Cat:2022年建立的日本公司