imported>Hikaru Genji：/* R136a */

2025-05-03T08:29:40Z

R136a

新页面

{{Infobox Cluster
| name= '''R136'''
|File= [[File:Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_(captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope).jpg|200px|upright=1.3]]<br/>
這個稱為R136的大質量、年輕恆星集團只有數百萬年的年齡，駐留在銀河系的衛星星系大麥哲倫雲(LMC)內湍流的恆星誕生區域劍魚座30星雲內。在我們的銀河系內沒有像劍魚座30如此多產的恆星區域。這張圖片是由哈伯太空望遠鏡的第三代廣角照相機使用紫外線、可見光和紅光拍攝的，跨度大約100光年。
| credit = [[哈柏太空望遠鏡]]
| epoch = J2000.0
| constellation = [[劍魚座]]
| ra = {{RA|05|38|42.396}}
| dec = {{DEC|-69|06|03.36}}
| dist_ly = [[1 E21 m|157]] [[光年|kly]]
| dist_pc = 48.5 [[秒差距|kpc]]
| appmag_v = 9.50
| names = <ref name="simbadq">{{Cite web |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |title=Simbad data for RMC 136 |accessdate=2010-08-02 |archive-date=2017-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022309/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |dead-url=no }}</ref> UCAC2 1803442, SAO 249329, HD 38268, TYC 9163-1014-1, CD-69 324, GC 7114
}}
[[File:Grand_star-forming_region_R136_in_NGC_2070_(captured_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope).jpg|thumb|R136]]
'''R136'''也稱為'''RMC 136'''，是一個[[超星團]]<ref name="Massey">{{Cite journal
| url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...493..180M
| title = Star Formation in R136: A Cluster of O3 Stars Revealed by Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy
| date = January 1998
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| volume = 493
| issue = 1
| pages = 180
| doi = 10.1086/306503
| author = Massey, P ; Hunter, D.
| postscript = 
| access-date = 2010-08-02
| archive-date = 2015-12-22
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161926/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...493..180M
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>，靠近[[蜘蛛星雲|劍魚座30]]複合體(也稱為[[蜘蛛星雲]])的中心，位於[[大麥哲倫雲]]內。它是一個年輕的星團，擁有年齡只有1-2百萬年<ref name="Massey"/>的[[巨星]]和[[超巨星]]，主要恆星的[[恆星光譜|光譜類型]]都是O3<ref name="Massey"/>，有39顆已經證實是O3-型恆星<ref name="Massey"/><ref name="Lebouteilleretal2008">{{Cite journal
| url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...680..398L
| title = Chemical Composition and Mixing in Giant H II Regions: NGC 3603, 30 Doradus, and N66
| date = June 2008
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| volume = 680
| issue = 1
| pages = 398–419
| doi = 10.1086/587503
| author = Lebouteiller, V.; Bernard-Salas, J.; Brandl, B.; Whelan, D. G.; Wu, Yanling; Charmandaris, V.; Devost, D.; Houck, J. R.
| postscript = 
| access-date = 2010-08-02
| archive-date = 2018-08-09
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180809112100/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...680..398L
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>。此外，還有幾顆被證實是[[沃爾夫-拉葉星|沃夫-瑞葉星]]<ref name="Lebouteilleretal2008"/><ref name="Melnick">{{cite journal
| author = Melnick, J.
| title = The 30 Doradus nebula. I - Spectral classification of 69 stars in the central cluster
| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
| date = December 1985
| volume = 153
| issue = 1
| pages = 235–244
| url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985A%26A...153..235M
}}</ref>。

== R136a ==
星團R136包含幾個部分<ref name="simbadq"/>，自然的中心部分'''R136a'''，是最初的核心。R136a曾經一度被認為是質量高達1,500[[太陽質量]]，比太陽明亮3,000萬倍，表面溫度5.5-6萬K，直徑5,000萬英里的極超巨星。R136a的本質被全像[[散斑干涉]]解析和發現是一個高密度的星團<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Weigelt, G.; Baier, G.
| title = R136a in the 30 Doradus nebula resolved by holographic speckle interferometry
| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
| year = September 1985
| volume = 150
| pages = L18–L20
| url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985A%26A...150L..18W
}}</ref>。核心包含12顆大質量且明亮的恆星<ref name="KoterHeapHubeny">{{cite journal
| url = http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0004-637X/509/2/879/
| last = Koter, Heap, and Hubeny
| title = An Empirical Isochrone of Very Massive Stars in R136A
| year = 1998
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| volume = 509
| pages = 879–896
| doi = 10.1086/306503
| first1 = Alex
| last2 = Heap
| first2 = Sara R.
| last3 = Hubeny
| first3 = Ivan
| access-date = 2010-08-02
| archive-date = 2019-12-07
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191207190751/http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0004-637X/509/2/879/
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>。這些恆星初始的質量經過計算都在37至76[[太陽質量]]<ref name="KoterHeapHubeny"/>，三顆特別亮的恆星(R136a1、R136a2和R136a3)，相距只有0.10和0.38弧秒，主宰著這個星團。其中的一顆，[[R136a1]]，登錄在[[巨大恆星列表]]中的質量是265個太陽質量<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10707416|title=Astronomers detect 'monster star'|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|date=2010-07-21|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2010-07-21|archive-date=2012-05-03|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67OTWfItB?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10707416|dead-url=no}}</ref>，在[[最光恆星列表|最亮恆星表]]中的光度是太陽的1,000萬倍<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/eso-massive-stars-discovered-100721.html|title=Heftiest Star Discovery Shatters Cosmic Record|last=Chow|first=Denise|date=2010-07-21|publisher=SPACE.com|accessdate=2010-07-21|archive-date=2010-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224022111/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/eso-massive-stars-discovered-100721.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

R136產生的能量是蜘蛛星雲能被看見的主要能量。估計這個集團的總質量是45萬個太陽質量，被認為在未來會發展成[[球狀星團]]<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bosch | first=Guillermo | author2=Terlevich, Elena | author3=Terlevich, Roberto | title=Gemini/GMOS Search for Massive Binaries in the Ionizing Cluster of 30 Dor | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=137 | issue=2 | pages=3437–3441 | year=2009 | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AJ....137.3437B | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3437 | access-date=2010-08-02 | archive-date=2018-08-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809111718/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AJ....137.3437B | dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 組成 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" |名稱|| [[赤經]] || [[赤緯]] || [[視星等]] (V) || [[光譜類型]] || 參考資料庫
|-
| '''R136a''' || {{RA|05|38|43.3}} || {{DEC|-69|06|08}} || || [[星團]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rmc+136a&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rmc+136a&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |date=20131002215036 }}
|-
| [[R136a1]] (BAT99 108) || {{RA|05|38|42.43}} || {{DEC|-69|06|02.2}} || 12.77 || [[沃爾夫-拉葉星]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136a1 SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136a1 |date=20131002215136 }}
|-
| [[R136a2]] (BAT99 109) || {{RA|05|38|42.45}} || {{DEC|-69|06|02.2}} || 13.38 || [[沃爾夫-拉葉星]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136a2 SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136a2 |date=20131002215447 }}
|-
| [[R136a3]] (BAT99 106) || {{RA|05|38|42.291}} || {{DEC|-69|06|03.45}} || 12.93 || [[沃爾夫-拉葉星]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136a3 SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC+136a3 |date=20131002215621 }}
|-
| R136 Ab ([[NGC 2060|SNR B0538-69.2]]) ||{{RA|05|37|51.6}} || {{DEC|-69|10|23}} || 9.59 || [[超新星殘骸]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=SNR%20B0538-69.2&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=SNR%20B0538-69.2&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |date=20160304225828 }}
|-
| R136 Ac ([[PSR J0537-6910]]) || {{RA|05|37|47.6}} || {{DEC|-69|10|20}} || || [[脈衝星]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=PSR%20J0537-6910&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=PSR%20J0537-6910&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |date=20131002215530 }}
|-
| [[R136b]] (BAT99 111) || {{RA|05|38|42.78}} || {{DEC|-69|06|03.1}} || 13.66 || [[恆星光譜#哈佛光譜分類|O4]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=RMC%20136b&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&Ident=RMC%20136b&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |date=20131002214813 }}
|-
| [[R136c]] (BAT99 112) || {{RA|05|38|42.896}} || {{DEC|-69|06|04.92}} || 12.86 || [[沃爾夫-拉葉星]] || [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rmc+136c&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id SIMBAD]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rmc+136c&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id |date=20131002215002 }}
|-
|}

备注：
上表中的超新星遗迹SNR B0538-69.2和中子星PSR J0537-6910不可能是R136星团的成员，特此注明。

{{Expand list|date=February 2009}}

== 圖集 ==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Runaway star speeding from 30 Doradus.jpg| 從劍魚座30高速脫離的奔逃星。影像是哈伯太空望遠鏡拍攝的。</gallery>

== 相關條目 ==
{{wikinews|Astronomers discover largest star on record}}
*[[R136b]]：一顆沃夫-瑞葉星
*[[霍奇301]]（Hodge 301）：在蜘蛛星雲內的另一個星團。
{{clear}}

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}

== 延伸讀物 ==
* ESA Hubble, [http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0416.html Symphony of colours in the Tarantula]{{Wayback|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0416.html |date=20090311003316 }}, 15 December 2004
* {{Cite journal
| url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1997A%26A...320..500C&db_key=AST&page_ind=0&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_VIEW&classic=YES
| title = Fundamental parameters of Wolf-Rayet stars / VI. Large Magellanic Cloud WNL stars
| year = 1997
| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume = 320
| pages = 500–524
|publisher=Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London
|location=Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| doi =
| first = P.A.
| last = Crowther
| author2 = L.J. Smith
}}
* [http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinPreview?-c=SNR+B0538-69.1&ident=SNR+B0538-69.1&submit=Aladin+previewer R 136 in the Aladin previewer]

== 外部連結 ==
* SIMBAD [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC%20136 RMC 136]{{Wayback|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=RMC%20136 |date=20131002215048 }}
* NED [http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=RMC+136&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES RMC 136]{{Wayback|url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=RMC+136&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES |date=20190915114854 }}



[[Category:劍魚座]]
[[Category:大麥哲倫星系]]
[[Category:蜘蛛星云]]

R136 - 版本历史

imported>Hikaru Genji：​/* R136a */

imported>Hikaru Genji：/* R136a */