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{{Infobox programming language
| name = PureScript
| logo = PureScript Logo.png
| logo size = 160px
| paradigm = [[函数式编程|函数式]]
| year = {{Start date and age|2013}}
| latest release version = 0.14.9
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2022|04|02}}
| influenced_by = [[Haskell]], [[JavaScript]]
| typing = [[类型推论]], [[静态类型|静态]], [[强类型]]
| designer = Phil Freeman
| website = [http://www.purescript.org www.purescript.org]
| license = 三条款[[BSD许可证]]<ref name=license>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/purescript/purescript/blob/master/LICENSE|title=purescript/purescript|website=GitHub|access-date=2021-02-14|archive-date=2021-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425194249/https://github.com/purescript/purescript/blob/master/LICENSE}}</ref>
| file_ext = .purs
}}
'''PureScript'''是一种[[强类型]]、[[纯函数式编程|纯函数式]]、最终[[编译]]为[[JavaScript]]的[[编程语言]]。PureScript可以开发[[网络应用程序]]、服务端应用程序，也可以借助[[Electron]]开发桌面应用程序。其语法大多与[[Haskell]]相当<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arow.info/blog/posts/2015-12-17-purescript-intro.html |title=PureScript for the Haskeller － Where to get started in PureScript for the Haskell programmer |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125108/https://arow.info/blog/posts/2015-12-17-purescript-intro.html }}</ref>。此外，它还引入了行多态性和可扩展记录。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.purescript.org/|title=PureScript|website=www.purescript.org|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2021-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205133948/https://www.purescript.org/|dead-url=no}}</ref>不过，与Haskell相反的是，PureScript坚持严格[[求值策略]]。

== 历史 ==
PureScript最初由费尔·弗里曼在2013年设计<ref>{{cite web |url=https://survivejs.com/blog/purescript-interview/ |title=PureScript - Strongly Typed Programming Language Compiling to JavaScript - Interview with Phil Freeman |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2021-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118011336/https://survivejs.com/blog/purescript-interview/ }}</ref>。他曾屡次尝试在保留語義的情況下，将Haskell编译成JavaScript（如使用Fay、Haste或GHCJS<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.haskell.org/The_JavaScript_Problem|title=The JavaScript Problem|access-date=2021-02-28|archive-date=2020-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209014541/https://wiki.haskell.org/The_JavaScript_Problem}}</ref>），但结果并不满意，於是他开始着手在PureScript上工作。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leanpub.com/purescript/read#leanpub-auto-about-the-author|title=Read PureScript by Example {{!}} Leanpub|website=leanpub.com|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2020-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082048/https://leanpub.com/purescript/read#leanpub-auto-about-the-author|dead-url=no}}</ref>

从此以后它由社区接手并在[[GitHub]]继续开发<ref>{{cite web|url=https://project-awesome.org/passy/awesome-purescript|title=awesome-purescript|access-date=2021-02-28|archive-date=2021-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121230617/https://project-awesome.org/passy/awesome-purescript}}</ref>。社区开发的额外核心工具包括专门的构建工具Pulp<ref>{{Citation|title=A build tool for PureScript projects|date=2019-03-08|url=https://github.com/purescript-contrib/pulp|publisher=PureScript Contrib|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2020-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205183435/https://github.com/purescript-contrib/pulp/}}</ref>、文档目录Pursuit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pursuit.purescript.org/|title=Pursuit|website=pursuit.purescript.org|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301125110/https://pursuit.purescript.org/}}</ref>和包管理器Spago<ref>{{Citation|title=🍝 PureScript package manager and build tool powered by Dhall and package-sets: spacchetti/spago|date=2019-03-14|url=https://github.com/spacchetti/spago|publisher=spacchetti|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>。

== 特征 ==
PureScript特征主要为[[及早求值|严格求值]]、[[持久性数据结构]]和[[类型推论]]。PureScript的类型系统同类似的函数式语言如[[Haskell]]共享了很特征：[[代数数据类型]]及[[模式匹配]]、{{le|种类 (类型论)|Kind (type theory)|高种类类型}}、[[类型类]]及[[类型类#函数依赖|函数依赖]]和[[参数多态|高秩多态]]。PureScript的类型系统增加了对{{le|行多态|Row polymorphism}}和可扩展记录的支持<ref name="#1">{{Citation|title=Documentation for the PureScript language, compiler, and tools.: purescript/documentation|date=2019-03-14|url=https://github.com/purescript/documentation|publisher=PureScript|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-date=2021-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425194808/https://github.com/purescript/documentation}}</ref>。但是，PureScript缺乏对[[Haskell]]的某些更高级特征如{{le|广义代数数据类型|Generalized algebraic data type|GADT}}和{{le|类型家族|Type family}}的支持。

PureScript编译器尝试产生尽可能可读的JavaScript代码。通过一个简单的{{le|外界函数接口|Foreign function interface|FFI接口}}，它还允许重用现存的JavaScript代码<ref name="#1"/>。

PureScript支持[[增量编译器|增量编译]]，而且编译器发行包括了支持为迭代开发建造[[源代码编辑器]]插件<ref>{{Citation|title=purs ide: Editor and tooling support for the PureScript programming language|date=2019-04-21|url=https://github.com/purescript/purescript/tree/dfbd19da85c92d82ed4c3184f950f74da5332e3f/psc-ide|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>。存在编辑器插件针对很多流行的编辑器，包括[[Vim]]、[[Emacs]]、[[Sublime Text]]、[[Atom (文字编辑器)|Atom]]和[[Visual Studio Code]]。

PureScript通过它的“类型孔洞”特征支持“类型驱动开发”<ref>{{Citation|title=Implementing type directed search for PureScript|date=2016-10-27}}</ref>，在其中可以构造具有缺失子表达式的程序。编译器随后将尝试推论出缺失子表达式的类型，并将这些类型报告给用户。这个特征已经启发了[[GHC]]的类似工作<ref>{{Citation|title=Suggesting Valid Hole Fits for Typed-Holes (Experience Report)|date=2018-09-27|url=https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3242760|author=Matthías Páll Gissurarson}}</ref>。

== 示例 ==
一个最精简的[[Hello world]]程序如下：
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell" line="1">
module Main where

import Effect.Console (log)

main = log "Hello World!"
</syntaxhighlight>

在这里，程序的类型是由PureScript编译器推论出并检查。相同程序的更冗长版本可以包括显式的类型标注：
<syntaxhighlight lang="haskell" line="1">
module Main where

import Prelude

import Effect (Effect)
import Effect.Console (log)

main :: Effect Unit
main = log "Hello World!"
</syntaxhighlight>

==参见 ==
* [[Elm (编程语言)|Elm]]——一种领域特定编程语言，用于声明式创建基于[[网页浏览器]]的图形用户界面。
* [[Reason (编程语言)|Reason]]——[[OCaml]]的语法扩展和工具链，也可以转译成JavaScript。
* {{en-link|JS++}}。
* [[TypeScript]]。

== 引用 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.purescript.org Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.purescript.org/ |date=20210205133948 }}
* [https://app.qvault.io/playground/purescript PureScript Playground] {{Wayback|url=https://app.qvault.io/playground/purescript |date=20201011214915 }}

{{程序设计语言}}
{{JavaScript}}
{{ECMAScript}}

[[Category:JavaScript]]
[[Category:函数式编程语言]]
[[Category:模式匹配编程语言]]
[[Category:2013年建立的程式語言]]

PureScript - 版本历史

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