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{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=FL}}
{{Infobox software
| name = PipeWire
| logo = Pipewire logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| screenshot = PipeWire 1.4.1 screenshot.webp
| author = [[Wim Taymans]]
| released = {{Start date and age|2017|06|20|df=yes/no}}
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]]
| operating system = [[Linux]], [[FreeBSD]]
| license = [[MIT License]]
| repo = {{URL|https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire}}
| website = {{URL|https://pipewire.org}}
}}

'''PipeWire'''是一个[[Linux]]系统上的用来处理音视频的底层多媒体框架。PipeWire开发出来的目的是为了替代[[PulseAudio]]，功能包括支持容器化应用的音频输出，和应对专业音频场景<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNOME 设想取代 PulseAudio 的媒体系统 Pipewire - 开源中国社区|url=https://www.oschina.net/news/88911/gnome-launching-pipewire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210232653/https://www.oschina.net/news/88911/gnome-launching-pipewire|archive-date=2017-12-10|accessdate=2017-12-10|work=www.oschina.net|language=zh-CN|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 历史 ==
2015 年，Taymans开始研究PipeWire。它基于几个现有项目的想法，其中包括William Manley的一个名为PulseVideo的项目。<ref name="未命名-20231105162702">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-14|title=PipeWire: the new audio and video daemon in Fedora Linux 34|url=https://fedoramagazine.org/pipewire-the-new-audio-and-video-daemon-in-fedora-linux-34/|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Fedora Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514083551/https://fedoramagazine.org/pipewire-the-new-audio-and-video-daemon-in-fedora-linux-34/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Manley|first=William|title=PulseVideo|date=2021-09-14|url=https://github.com/wmanley/pulsevideo|access-date=2021-10-16|archive-date=2021-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124144914/https://github.com/wmanley/pulsevideo|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Schaller|first=Christian|date=2015-07-01|title=Comment on: How is this project related to PulseVideo?|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2015/06/30/introducing-pulse-video/#comment-6514|access-date=2019-06-29|website=Christian F.K. Schaller|archive-date=2015-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702224316/https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2015/06/30/introducing-pulse-video/#comment-6514|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Willis|first=Nathan|date=2015-10-21|title=3D video and device mediation with GStreamer|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/661401/|access-date=2019-06-29|website=LWN.new|archive-date=2016-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330004247/https://lwn.net/Articles/661401/|dead-url=no}}</ref>根据[[Red Hat]]的Christian Schaller的说法，PipeWire从Manley的早期PulseVideo原型中汲取了许多想法，并以一些代码为基础，这些代码经过努力最终被整合到[[GStreamer]]中。<ref name="未命名_2-20231105162702">{{Cite web|last=Schaller|first=Christian|date=2015-06-30|title=Fedora Workstation next steps : Introducing Pinos|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2015/06/30/introducing-pulse-video/|access-date=2019-06-29|website=Christian F.K. Schaller|archive-date=2015-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702224316/https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2015/06/30/introducing-pulse-video/|dead-url=no}}</ref>该项目的目标是改进Linux上的视频处理，就像[[PulseAudio]]对音频处理的改进一样。<ref name="未命名_3-20231105162702">{{Cite web|last=Schaller|first=Christian|date=2017-09-19|title=Launching Pipewire!|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2017/09/19/launching-pipewire/|access-date=2019-06-29|website=Christian F.K. Schaller|archive-date=2017-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919135617/https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2017/09/19/launching-pipewire/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

作为一个独立于PulseAudio的项目，Taymans最初考虑为新项目使用的名称叫“PulseVideo”。<ref name="未命名_3-20231105162702"/>到了2015年6月，项目开始使用“Pinos”这个名字，是以西班牙城市[[Pinos de Alhaurin]]命名的，是Taymans曾经居住的地方。<ref name="未命名_2-20231105162702"/>

最初，Pinos只处理视频流。到2017年初，Taymans开始致力于集成对音频流的处理。Taymans希望支持消费级和专业音频[[用例]]，并向Paul Davis（[[JACK Audio Connection Kit|Jack]]开发人员）和Robin Gareus（[[Ardour (软件)|Ardour]]的开发者）咨询有关专业音频需求的建议。此时，该项目开始采用PipeWire这个名称。<ref name="未命名-20231105162702"/>

2018年11月，PipeWire从[[GNU宽通用公共许可证|LGPL]]重新授权为[[MIT許可證|MIT许可证]]。<ref name="未命名_4-20231105162702">{{Cite web|last=Larabel|first=Michael|date=2019-02-03|title=PipeWire Should Be One Of The Exciting Linux Desktop Technologies For 2019|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=PipeWire-2019-Looking-Good|access-date=2019-07-05|website=Phoronix|archive-date=2009-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921053923/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=PipeWire-2019-Looking-Good|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-11-05|title=Relicense as MIT/X11|url=https://github.com/PipeWire/pipewire/commit/85f2e93c546816a5cbb218c271aa18210bd9b64a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503161414/https://github.com/PipeWire/pipewire/commit/85f2e93c546816a5cbb218c271aa18210bd9b64a|archive-date=2022-05-03|access-date=2019-10-26|website=PipeWire Git repository in GitHub|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2021年4月，[[Fedora Linux]] 34成为第一个默认采用PipeWire的[[Linux]]发行版。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Releases/34/ChangeSet - Fedora Project Wiki|url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/34/ChangeSet#Route_all_Audio_to_PipeWire|access-date=2021-05-04|website=fedoraproject.org|archive-date=2020-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102042758/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/34/ChangeSet#Route_all_Audio_to_PipeWire|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-27|title=What's new in Fedora Workstation 34|url=https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-34-workstation/|access-date=2021-05-04|website=Fedora Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427211740/https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-34-workstation/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=What's New in Fedora 34? 8 Reasons to Upgrade or Switch|url=https://www.makeuseof.com/whats-new-in-fedora-34/|access-date=2021-05-04|website=MUO|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404184351/https://www.makeuseof.com/whats-new-in-fedora-34/|dead-url=no}}</ref>一年后，[[Pop! OS]]在22.04版本中采用它作为默认音频服务器。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nestor|first=Marius|date=2022-04-25|title=Pop!_OS 22.04 Launches Based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Powered by Linux 5.16 and PipeWire|url=https://9to5linux.com/pop_os-22-04-launches-based-on-ubuntu-22-04-lts-powered-by-linux-5-16-and-pipewire|access-date=2022-09-23|website=9to5Linux|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425164208/https://9to5linux.com/pop_os-22-04-launches-based-on-ubuntu-22-04-lts-powered-by-linux-5-16-and-pipewire|dead-url=no}}</ref>从版本22.10开始，它成为[[Ubuntu]]中的默认音频服务器。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sneddon|first=Joey|date=2022-05-22|title=Ubuntu 22.10 Makes PipeWire Default for Audio|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/05/ubuntu-22-10-makes-pipewire-default|access-date=2022-09-23|website=OMG! Ubuntu!|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522184903/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/05/ubuntu-22-10-makes-pipewire-default|dead-url=no}}</ref>2023年，它被[[Debian]] 12 Bookworm采纳为[[GNOME]]桌面环境的默认音频服务器。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Larabel|first=Michael|date=2022-10-01|title=Debian 12 Switches To PipeWire & WirePlumber By Default With The GNOME Desktop|url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Debian-12-PipeWire|access-date=2023-06-14|website=Phronix|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001130015/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Debian-12-PipeWire|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 特征 ==
该项目的目标包括：

* 支持[[沙盒 (電腦安全)|沙盒]]化的[[Flatpak]]应用程序。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lerch|first=Ryan|date=2017-09-20|title=Improved multimedia support with Pipewire in Fedora 27|url=https://fedoramagazine.org/improved-multimedia-support-pipewire-fedora-27/|access-date=2019-07-05|website=Fedora Magazine|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921194508/https://fedoramagazine.org/improved-multimedia-support-pipewire-fedora-27/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="未命名_4-20231105162702"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaskinen|first=Tanu|date=2018-11-12|title=PipeWire Hackfest 2018 in Edinburgh|url=https://tanukaskinen.wordpress.com/2018/11/12/pipewire-hackfest-2018-in-edinburgh/|access-date=2019-07-05|website=Tanu's Blog|archive-date=2019-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705202352/https://tanukaskinen.wordpress.com/2018/11/12/pipewire-hackfest-2018-in-edinburgh/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 提供在[[Wayland]]合成器上[[截圖|进行屏幕截图]]和[[螢幕錄影]]的安全方法。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sneddon|first=Joey|date=2017-09-21|title=PipeWire aims to do for video what PulseAudio did for sound|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/09/pipewire-will-video-pulseaudio-sound|access-date=2019-07-05|website=OMG! Ubuntu!|archive-date=2017-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001075417/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/09/pipewire-will-video-pulseaudio-sound|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Schaller|first=Christian|date=2018-01-26|title=An update on Pipewire – the multimedia revolution|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2018/01/26/an-update-on-pipewire-the-multimedia-revolution-an-update/|access-date=2019-06-29|website=Christian F.K. Schaller|archive-date=2018-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131164725/https://blogs.gnome.org/uraeus/2018/01/26/an-update-on-pipewire-the-multimedia-revolution-an-update/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 统一处理过去由[[JACK Audio Connection Kit|JACK]]和[[PulseAudio]]处理的[[用例]]。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Raghavan|first=Arun|date=2018-10-31|title=Update from the PipeWire hackfest|url=https://arunraghavan.net/2018/10/update-from-the-pipewire-hackfest/|access-date=2019-06-30|website=Arun Raghavan|archive-date=2018-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102120316/https://arunraghavan.net/2018/10/update-from-the-pipewire-hackfest/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Larabel|first=Michael|date=2018-10-30|title=PipeWire Is Still On Track For One Day Being A Drop-In Replacement To PulseAudio|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=PipeWire-2018-PulseAudio-JACK|access-date=2019-07-05|website=Phoronix|archive-date=2009-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921053923/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=PipeWire-2018-PulseAudio-JACK|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 评价 ==
'''PipeWire'''受到了很多好评，尤其是在[[GNOME]]和[[Arch Linux]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulseaudio no more|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/k5vqqb/pulseaudio_no_more/|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Arch Linux Sub-Reddit|archive-date=2022-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503161412/https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/k5vqqb/pulseaudio_no_more/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=pipewire-pulse 0.3.16-4 in testing now replaces pulseaudio!|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/jydd02/pipewirepulse_03164_in_testing_now_replaces/|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Arch Linux Subreddit|archive-date=2021-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010174806/https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/jydd02/pipewirepulse_03164_in_testing_now_replaces/|dead-url=no}}</ref>社区中。特别是它修复了一些PulseAudio用户遇到的问题，包括CPU使用率高、<ref>{{Cite web|title=PulseAudio High CPU Usage|url=https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=243110|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Arch Linux Forums|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507145744/https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=243110|dead-url=no}}</ref>蓝牙连接问题、<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cannot connect to bluetooth audio device using pulseaudio|url=https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=262176|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Arch Linux Forums|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510142403/https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=262176|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Headset delivers bad audio quality and low microphone volume in HSP/HFP mode (bluetooth)|url=https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pulseaudio/pulseaudio/-/issues/776|access-date=6 January 2021|website=PulseAudio GitLab|archive-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105230642/https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pulseaudio/pulseaudio/-/issues/776|dead-url=no}}</ref>和JACK后端问题。<ref>{{Cite web|title=PipeWire FAQ|url=https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire/-/wikis/FAQ#what-is-wrong-with-jack-pulseaudio|access-date=6 January 2021|website=PipeWire GitLab|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022052231/https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire/-/wikis/FAQ#what-is-wrong-with-jack-pulseaudio|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==

* {{Official website|https://pipewire.org}}

{{Freedesktop.org}}

[[Category:应用程序接口]]
[[Category:自由音訊軟體]]
[[Category:Linux軟件]]
[[Category:用C編程的自由軟體]]

PipeWire - 版本历史

imported>VulcanSphere 来自 2025年4月10日 (四) 05:44