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BOTR：批量替換所有IPA-xx模板為IPA模板

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{{noteTA
|1=zh-cn:信号; zh-tw:訊號;
}}
{{tsl|en|Radiotelephone|无线电通话}}呼号'''{{lang|en|PAN-PAN}}'''是國際标准紧急信号，适用于乘坐船只（包括[[艇]]和[[轮船]]等）、[[航空器]]或其它[[载具|交通工具]]时，在通讯中表明遭遇紧急情况<ref name="TCMS">{{cite web | title=Safety and Distress Radiotelephone Procedures | url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/tp-tp9878-menu-662.htm | publisher=Transport Canada | date=28 June 2013 | accessdate=2021-01-14 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805145407/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/tp-tp9878-menu-662.htm | archivedate=2013-08-05 | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=callUSCG>{{cite web | author=District Eleven Response (dr) | title=Search and Rescue: Calling the Coast Guard | url=http://www.uscg.mil/d11/dr/CallingTheCG.asp | publisher=United States Coast Guard | date= | accessdate=2021-01-14 | archive-date=2016-12-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218074537/https://www.uscg.mil/d11/dr/CallingTheCG.asp | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="emprUSCG">{{cite journal | author=1st Coast Guard District | title=Special Notice To Mariners | url=http://www.uscg.mil/d1/prevention/NavInfo/navinfo/documents/A-Emergency_Procedures.PDF | publisher=United States Coast Guard | date=6 September 2001 | accessdate=2021-01-14 | archive-date=2012-10-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015181026/http://www.uscg.mil/d1/prevention/NavInfo/navinfo/documents/A-Emergency_Procedures.PDF | dead-url=no }}</ref>，但是程度在通讯时尚未严重到会对载具本身或任何人的生命即时造成危险<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporationscanada.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/smt-gst.nsf/en/sf00033e.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110811001724/http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf00033.html|archive-date=2011-08-11|title=RIC-22 — General Radiotelephone Operating Procedures|work=ic.gc.ca|accessdate=2021-01-14|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。该信号表明一种“准紧急事态”，它与“{{lang|en|[[Mayday]]}}”（{{tsl|en|distress signal|遇难信号}}）的不同在于，后者表明的情况更加急迫，在发出信号时就已可致载具损害或使人死亡<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporationscanada.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/smt-gst.nsf/en/sf01334e.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110811005224/http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf01334.html|archive-date=2011-08-11|title=RIC-22 — General Radiotelephone Operating Procedures|work=ic.gc.ca|accessdate=2021-01-14|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 。发出“pan-pan”呼号，意味着通知其它潜在援助者（可能是专门的紧急援助机构或者在附近的其它有人载具）存在紧急情况，而发出“{{lang|en|Mayday}}”则是在呼救所有可以救援的单位立刻停止一切工作，以最快速度前去施救。

{{lang|en|PAN-PAN}}在通讯中拥有仅次于{{lang|en|Mayday}}的优先级。在-{zh-cn:[[摩尔斯电码]]; zh-tw:[[摩尔斯电码|摩斯電碼]];}-中，'''PAN'''对应的是紧急信号'''XXX'''（<code>-··--··--··-</code>，以明确间隔重复若干次），于1927年的国际无线电报华盛顿公约中首次定义<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.39.43.en.100.pdf#search=mayday|title=International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927|pages=87-88|website=search.itu.int|accessdate=2021-01-14|format=PDF|archive-date=2021-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115192356/http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.39.43.en.100.pdf#search=mayday|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 用法 ==
在通讯中正确的使用{{lang|en|pan-pan}}，发出信号者首先要重复三次“{{lang|en|Pan-pan}}”，接着表明通讯的对象，或者以“{{lang|en|all stations}}”来呼叫接收到信号的所有单位，同样重复三次。之后再表明自己的身份、位置和目前情况，以及若需要援助，还应提供所需援助的形式<ref name=TCMS/><ref>''Transport Canada'': "[http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/opssvs/secretariat-terminology-glossary-823.htm pan pan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/opssvs/secretariat-terminology-glossary-823.htm |date=20210203101014 }}"</ref><ref name="FAA ATC Order JO7110.65W">{{cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/ATC.pdf#407 |title=Air Traffic Organization Policy, Order JO7110.65W |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607135604/https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/ATC.pdf#407 |dead-url=no }}</ref> 。

== 语源 ==
与源自[[法语]]{{lang|fr|m'aidez}}或{{lang|fr|m'aider}}（{{lang|fr|venez m'aider}}）的“{{lang|en|Mayday}}”一样，{{lang|en|pan-pan}}亦派生自法语单词中的{{lang|fr|panne}} {{IPA|fr|pan|}}，意为“故障”。作为英语单词，{{lang|en|pan-pan}}中{{lang|en|pan}}的发音则为{{IPAc-en|p|ɑː|n}}或{{IPAc-en|p|æ|n}}<ref name="Hopkinson2008">{{cite book|author=Sara Hopkinson|title=VHF Afloat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bl1-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT53|date=14 November 2008|publisher=Fernhurst Books Limited|isbn=978-1-912177-41-7|pages=53–|quote=The origin of pan pan is from the French "en panne" meaning broken down.|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509070444/https://books.google.com/books?id=bl1-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT53}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Popular Electronics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRQAAAAYAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Ziff-Davis Publishing Company|quote=According to regulations, don't have an emergency unless you know the exact meaning of these three terms: Mayday, Pan and Security. They're of French origin and describe the exact degree of distress.|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503172355/https://books.google.com/books?id=zDRQAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref name="StevensonWaite2011">{{cite book|author1=Angus Stevenson|author2=Maurice Waite|title=Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Luxury Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1035|date=18 August 2011|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-960111-0|pages=1035–|quote=An international radio distress signal, of less urgency than a Mayday signal. Origin 1920s: ''pan'' from Fr. ''panne'' 'breakdown'.|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503172354/https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1035}}</ref>。

英语中，根据{{lang|en|PAN}}衍生出的三词[[逆向首字母缩略词]]，{{lang|en|PAN}}可以解释为{{lang|en|possible assistance needed}}（需要潜在援助）或{{lang|en|pay attention now}}（现在请注意）。在海事或航空无线电通讯教程中，这种逆向缩略经常被用来作为教导学员区分“{{lang|en|Mayday}}”与“{{lang|en|pan-pan}}”之间区别的[[记忆术]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Aviation Radio (AVI30316). Part 1 – Aircraft Radio Operation |url=https://ausacademy.org/topic-category/avi30316_aviationradio/ |website=ausacademy.org |publisher=Australian Unmanned Systems Academy (AUSA) |access-date=3 May 2021 |quote=PAN – As a Three-Letter Acronym (TLA): “Possible assistance needed” “Pay attention now”. The TLA is derived from “pan” and is used in maritime and aeronautical radio communications courses as a mnemonic to radio and communications operators. Note: it is very important remember the difference between mayday and pan-pan emergency communications. |archive-date=2021-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505152610/https://ausacademy.org/topic-category/avi30316_aviationradio/ }}</ref><ref name="Moriarty2014">{{cite book|author=Capt. David Moriarty|title=Practical Human Factors for Pilots|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-pDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168|date=30 December 2014|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-800786-0|pages=168–|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503173748/https://books.google.com/books?id=q-pDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168}}</ref><ref name="WestinLandsell2021">{{cite book|author1=Mike Westin|author2=Olle Landsell|author3=Nina Olofsson|title=Seamanship 2.0: Everything you need to know to get yourself out of trouble at sea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4GUbEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122|date=11 March 2021|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4729-7704-5|pages=122–|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503173750/https://books.google.com/books?id=4GUbEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA122}}</ref>。

== 参见 ==
*[[国际电信联盟]]
*[[无线电报]]
*[[SOS]]
*{{tsl|en|International Radiotelegraph Convention (1906)|1906年第一次国际无线电报公约}}

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== 外部链接 ==
*[http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.39.43.en.100.pdf#search=mayday 1927年国际无线电报华盛顿公约 ITU档案馆] {{Wayback|url=http://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.39.43.en.100.pdf#search=mayday |date=20210115192356 }}

[[Category:应急通信]]
[[Category:国际电信]]
[[Category:救難]]

Pan-pan - 版本历史

imported>Willy1018-bot：​BOTR：批量替換所有IPA-xx模板為IPA模板

imported>Willy1018-bot：BOTR：批量替換所有IPA-xx模板為IPA模板