imported>Cewbot：清理跨語言連結互联成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成36.1%)

2024-06-22T23:22:49Z

清理跨語言連結互联成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成36.1%)

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{{Infobox organization
| logo = OpenNIC-Logo.svg
| purpose = 提供传统[[顶级域名]]注册局的非国家性替代，作为由用户所有和控制的[[網際網路資訊中心]]。
| name = OpenNIC
| founded_date = {{start date and age|2000|06|1}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.opennic.org/}}
| dissolved =
}}
'''OpenNIC'''（或称'''OpenNIC Project'''）是由用户所有和控制的<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prism-break.org/en/projects/opennic/|title=OpenNIC - Projects - PRISM Break|last=Zhong|first=Peng|website=prism-break.org|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2018-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116024246/https://prism-break.org/en/projects/opennic/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://scoop.opennic.unrated.net/special/faq/|title=Frequently Asked Questions|last=|first=|date=|website=scoop.opennic.unrated.net|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522072531/http://scoop.opennic.unrated.net/special/faq|archive-date=2008-05-22|access-date=}} [https://scoop.opennic.unrated.archive.moderntld.com/special/faq/ Alt URL] {{Wayback|url=https://scoop.opennic.unrated.archive.moderntld.com/special/faq/ |date=20170131194546 }}</ref>顶级域名的[[域名注册局]]，其提供类似[[ICANN]]的传统[[顶级域名]]的非国家性替代。<ref name=":4" />至2017年1月，OpenNIC承认并互联所有[[ICANN]][[顶级域名]]，以确保兼容性。不过OpenNIC仍未确定对{{link-en|未来的ICANN顶级域名|Proposed top-level domain}}的立场。<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:faq|title=What is OpenNIC?:OpenNIC Wiki|website=wiki.opennic.org|access-date=2017-05-05|archive-date=2022-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429031456/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:faq}}</ref>

在解析[[ICANN]][[根網域名稱伺服器|根]]中的[[主機名稱]]的同时，OpenNIC也解析自身[[命名空间]]和与其[[互联]]的其他替代性根。<ref name=":0" />一些OpenNIC公共解析器（二级服务器）以其高速度和低延迟著名，<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://binfalse.de/2010/12/opennic-dns-network/|title=OpenNIC DNS Network|last=|first=|date=2010-12-03|website=|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624024233/http://binfalse.de/2010/12/opennic-dns-network|archive-date=2013-06-24|access-date=}}</ref>它们也以匿名性和无日志记录的政策著称。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/11/tech-tips-to-help-stay-safe-in-trumps-america/|title=Tech tips to help stay safe in Trump's America|last=Coldewey|first=Devin|date=2016-11-11|website=TechCrunch|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2022-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413042658/https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/11/tech-tips-to-help-stay-safe-in-trumps-america/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://charlieharvey.org.uk/page/anonymised_dns_opennic|title=Anonymous Public DNS with OpenNIC|last=Harvey|first=Charlie|newspaper=charlieharvey.org.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2022-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419052709/https://charlieharvey.org.uk/page/anonymised_dns_opennic}}</ref>
许多服务器提供[[DNSCrypt]]。二级服务器是由世界各地的志愿者运作的。

像所有[[替代性根服务器]]一样，OpenNIC托管的域名对于大多数[[互联网]]用户不可达，因为它需要手动配置系统的[[域名系统|DNS服务器]]。

==历史==
2000年6月1日，发布在{{link-en|Kuro5hin|Kuro5hin|kuro5hin.org}}的一篇文章提出建立一个民主治理的[[域名系统]]。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kuro5hin.org/?op=displaystory;sid=2000/7/16/12039/2519|title=kuro5hin.org|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kuro5hin.org|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129040626/http://www.kuro5hin.org/?op=displaystory%3Bsid%3D2000%2F7%2F16%2F12039%2F2519|archive-date=2019-01-29|access-date=|url-status=live}} [http://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:faq#how_did_opennic_start Alt URL] {{Wayback|url=http://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:faq#how_did_opennic_start |date=20220116170343 }}</ref>同年7月第一台OpenNIC服务器开始运作。

==OpenNIC 顶级域名==
===OpenNIC 命名空间===
这些顶级域名由OpenNIC提供，并由OpenNIC社区承认和维护。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:namespaces|title=OpenNIC Operated Namespaces|last=|first=|date=|website=OpenNIC Wiki|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!名称
!预期用途
!引入日期
!限制
!注释
!当前状态
|-
|'''.bbs'''
|[[電子佈告欄系統]]的服务器，以及所有BBS相关的网站和服务
|2000-12-29
|此域名必须提供BBS相关的服务<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:bbs|title=.bbs TLD|last=|first=|date=|website=OpenNIC Wiki|publisher=|access-date=|quote=If a site is no longer providing BBS type services, that should also be grounds for removal of the domain.|archive-date=2022-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116173456/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:bbs}}</ref>
|
|{{partial|手动注册}}
|-
|'''.chan'''
|图片版和与图片版文化相关的社区<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chandns.net/|title=opennic.chan|website=chandns.net|access-date=2017-09-27|archive-date=2017-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914060244/http://chandns.net/}}</ref>
|2015-10-21
|
|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.cyb'''
|[[赛博朋克]]相关的内容
|2017-08-14
|
|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.dyn'''
|[[動態DNS]]指针
|2014-05-30
|只有A、AAAA、RP和TXT记录可被修改
|未使用的域名会于28天之后移除
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.epic'''
|任何有“epic”性质的东西
|2019-09-03
|
|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.free'''
|鼓励非商业使用免费互联网的组织
|
|仅限非商业用途。不接受新的注册。<ref name=":1" />
|在 ICANN 添加 .free 后移至 .libre，<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2017-01/msg00001.html|title=Re: [opennic-discuss] Call for vote on .free issues|last=|first=|date=2017-01-03|website=OpenNIC Mailing List Archive|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182856/https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2017-01/msg00001.html}}</ref>但目前仍可以解析
|{{dropped}}
|-
|'''.geek'''
|任何被认为是“极客”的个人或爱好者性质的东西
|2008-02-18
|

|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.gopher'''
|由[[Gopher (网络协议)|Gopher协议]]传递的内容
|
|必须由[[Gopher (网络协议)|Gopher协议]]传送

|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.indy'''
|独立媒体和艺术
|

|
|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.libre'''
|鼓励非商业使用免费互联网的组织
|2017-01-03
|仅限非商业用途
|在 ICANN 命名空间中引入 .free 后的 .free 继任者<ref name=":1" />
|{{active}}

|-
|'''.neo'''
|一般用途
|
|
|使用应倾向于“emo 亚文化”中存在的主题<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:neo|title=.neo TLD|last=|first=|date=|website=OpenNIC Wiki|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182710/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:neo}}</ref>
|{{partial|手动注册}}

|-
|'''.null'''
|杂项
|
|仅限非商业用途。只有[[自然人]]可以持有.null域名<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:null|title=.null TLD|last=|first=|date=|website=OpenNIC Wiki|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182332/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:null}}</ref>
|
|{{active}}
|-

|'''.o'''
|一般用途<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moderntld.com/about/charter/|title=.o Charter|last=|first=|date=|website=www.moderntld.com|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2017-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050645/https://www.moderntld.com/about/charter/}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:o|title=.o TLD|last=|first=|date=2016-11-30|website=OpenNIC Wiki|publisher=|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182432/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:o}}</ref>
|2016-11-28<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2016-11/msg00066.html|title=Re: [opennic-discuss] [Vote] .o TLD Proposal|last=|first=|date=2016-11-28|website=OpenNIC Mailing List Archive|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182423/https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2016-11/msg00066.html}}</ref>
|禁止域名抢注和垃圾邮件使用。<ref name=":2" />

|
|{{active}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.moderntld.com/news/2017/04/20/o-registration-system-online/|title=.o Registration System Online|date=2017-04-20|website=ModernTLD News|access-date=2017-04-20|archive-date=2017-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421094247/https://blog.moderntld.com/news/2017/04/20/o-registration-system-online/}}</ref>
|-
|'''.oss'''
|[[开源软件]]
|
|
|

|{{active}}
|-
|'''.oz'''
|[[澳大利亚]]语网站 (alt-ccTLD)
|2012-06-11
|
|
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.parody'''
|[[Parody]]相关网站

|
|仅限非商业用途
|
|{{active}}
|-

|'''.pirate'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-domains-now-available-through-opennic-120515/|title=.Pirate Domains Now Available Through OpenNic - TorrentFreak|date=2012-05-15|newspaper=TorrentFreak|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182604/https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-domains-now-available-through-opennic-120515/}}</ref>
|[[互联网审查|互联网自由]]和[[共享]]
|
|
|
|{{active}}
|}

===互联协定===
OpenNIC 提供其他替代性DNS根的解析。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic/dot?redirect=1#peered_top-level_domains|title=OpenNIC Peers:OpenNIC Wiki|website=wiki.opennic.org|access-date=2022-04-13|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416191224/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic/dot?redirect=1#peered_top-level_domains}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!名称
!预期用途
!引入的日期
!注释
!互联权威机构
!当前状态
|-
|'''.bazar'''
|自由市场
|
|
|Emercoin
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.bit'''
|[[Namecoin]]系统、网站和服务
|
|由于OpenNIC和Namecoin计划的分歧，现已终止互联。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2019-06/msg00000.html|title=discuss - [opennic-discuss] Vote to keep or drop peering with NameCoin|access-date=2022-04-12|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416164143/https://lists.opennicproject.org/sympa/arc/discuss/2019-06/msg00000.html}}</ref>
|[[Namecoin]]
|{{dropped}}
|-
|'''.coin'''
|数字货币和商业网站
|
|
|Emercoin
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.emc'''
|和Emercoin计划相关的网站
|
|
|Emercoin
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.fur'''
|[[獸迷]]以及其他[[擬人論]]相关网站<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://proxy.opennicproject.org/proxy.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uaWMuZnVyLw%3D%3D&hl=3ed|title=FurNIC|last=|first=|date=|website=www.nic.fur|publisher=|access-date=}}{{Dead link}}</ref>
|2003-11-?<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikifur.com/wiki/.fur|title=.fur - WikiFur, the furry encyclopedia|website=en.wikifur.com|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2022-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418024716/https://en.wikifur.com/wiki/.fur}}</ref>
|原本是一个OpenNIC顶级域名，<ref name=":5" />现在由FurNIC运营。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:fur|title=.fur TLD|last=|first=|date=|website=OpenNIC Wiki|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421055934/https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:fur}}</ref>
|FurNIC
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.ku'''
|[[库尔德人]]
|
|
|New Nations
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.lib'''
|来自 Words Library and Liberty，即知识和自由
|
|
|Emercoin
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.te'''
|[[泰米尔伊拉姆]]
|
|
|New Nations
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.ti'''
|[[藏区]]
|
|
|New Nations
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.uu'''
|[[维吾尔族]]
|
|
|New Nations
|{{active}}
|}

==== New Nations ====
[[New Nations]]为尚未被[[ISO 3166-1]] [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|alpha-2]]标准承认的[[民族國家]]提供顶级域名，这些地区尚未被ICANN分配任何顶级域名。New Nations为它们提供.ku(''库尔德人'')、.te (''泰米尔伊拉姆语'')、 .ti (''西藏'')和.uu(''维吾尔人'')。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://new-nations.net/|title=new-nations|website=new-nations.net|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2017-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524100733/http://new-nations.net/}}</ref>

==== FurNIC ====
[[FurNIC]]致力于为[[獸迷]]、Furry爱好者和其他[[擬人論]]相关的网站提供独特的身份。FurNIC 和 OpenNIC 密切合作，在大多数情况下，.fur（Furry fandom）通常被视为 OpenNIC 的一部分，而不是单独的对等实体。<ref name=":3" />

==== Emercoin ====
2015年1月15日，在 Emercoin [[区块链]]中注册的域可供 OpenNIC DNS 的所有用户访问。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emercoin.com/2015-01-15-Emercoin_Reaches_Peering_Agreement_with_OpenNIC|title=Emercoin reaches peering agreement with OpenNIC|last=Emercoin|website=emercoin.com|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2017-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053250/http://emercoin.com/2015-01-15-Emercoin_Reaches_Peering_Agreement_with_OpenNIC}}</ref>Emercoin DNS 支持域区域 .bazar、.coin、.emc、.lib、.ness 和 .sky。然而，Emercoin DNS 记录在Emercoin软件中注册/维护，而不是作为 OpenNIC 管理系统的一部分。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emercoin.com/EMCDNS_and_NVS|title=Emercoin DNS|last=Emercoin|website=emercoin.com|access-date=2017-01-15|archive-date=2016-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209134754/http://www.emercoin.com/EMCDNS_and_NVS}}</ref>

===技术域===
OpenNIC运作着一些特殊的定义域名，仅供技术维护或组织性目的。
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!名称
!预期用途
!限制
!注释
!当前状态
|-
|'''.opennic.glue'''<ref name=":4" />
|为第一级DNS服务器和组织网站和服务提供主机名。
|不可注册的域名。该域被授予每个第一级服务器运营商或在 OpenNIC 社区批准后授予。
|示例："ns2.opennic.glue"
|{{active}}
|-
|'''.dns.opennic.glue'''
|为第二级DNS服务器和组织网站和服务提供主机名。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://servers.opennic.org/|title=OpenNIC Public Servers|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2021-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916223003/https://servers.opennic.org/}}</ref>
|不可注册的域名。该域是在第二级服务器批准后自动创建的。
|示例："ns1.any.dns.opennic.glue"
|{{active}}
|}

===中止互联===
==== Namecoin ====
2019年7月OpenNIC社区以13-2投票结果丢弃了对[[.bit]]域名的支持，原因是因为“匿名性”使其“被用作恶意软件中心”。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Should OpenNIC drop support for NameCoin [OpenNIC Wiki]|url=https://wiki.opennic.org/votings/drop_namecoin|access-date=2020-08-31|website=wiki.opennic.org|archive-date=2021-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029032715/https://wiki.opennic.org/votings/drop_namecoin}}</ref>
本来2018年12月提出了类似的提案，但没有进入投票阶段。<ref>{{Cite web|last=jbiscaya|date=2019-07-17|title=OpenNIC drops support for .bit domain names after rampant malware abuse|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/opennic-drops-support-for-bit-domain-names-after-rampant-malware-abuse/#ftag=RSSbaffb68|access-date=2020-08-31|website=The GRC Hub|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413044957/https://www.zdnet.com/article/opennic-drops-support-for-bit-domain-names-after-rampant-malware-abuse/#ftag=RSSbaffb68}}</ref>

==参见==
* [[ICANN]]
* [[Namecoin]]
* {{link-en|开放根服务器网络|Open Root Server Network}}
* [[公共域名解析服务]]
** [[OpenDNS]]
** [[Google Public DNS]]
** [[1.1.1.1|CloudFlare Public DNS]]

==参考资料==
===引用===
{{reflist|2}}

===来源===
*{{cite web
|url=https://linux.cn/article-13393-1.html
|title=用 OpenNIC 访问另一个互联网
|date=2021-05-15
|author=Seth Kenlon
|website=Linux 中国
|access-date=2022-04-13
|url-status=live
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220412190053/https://linux.cn/article-13393-1.html
|archive-date=2022-04-12
}}

==外部链接==
*{{Official website|url=https://www.opennicproject.org/}}

[[Category:域名]]
[[Category:域名解析服务]]
[[Category:域名解析服务]]

OpenNIC - 版本历史

imported>Cewbot：​清理跨語言連結互联成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成36.1%)

imported>Cewbot：清理跨語言連結互联成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成36.1%)