~2026-11056-11：/* 历史 */

2026-04-19T08:02:26Z

历史

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{{NoteTA
|G1=IT
|1=zh-cn:接口;zh-hant:介面
|2=zh-cn:区块存储;zh-hk:區塊儲存;zh-tw:區塊儲存
}}

{{Expand language|en|time=2017-06-15T01:59:40+00:00}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = 非易失性内存主机控制器接口工作组
| abbreviation = NVMe
| image = NVM Express logo.svg
| formation = {{start date and age|2011}}
| website = {{URL|https://nvmexpress.org}}
}}
'''NVM Express'''（缩写'''NVMe'''），或称'''非易失性内存主机控制器接口规范'''（{{langx|en|'''N'''on-'''V'''olatile '''M'''emory '''H'''ost '''C'''ontroller '''I'''nterface '''S'''pecification}}，缩写：{{lang|en|'''NVMHCIS'''}}），是一个[[可程式化邏輯裝置]]接口[[标准]]。它是基於接口的[[匯流排]]傳輸協定規範（相當於通讯协议中的[[应用层]]），用于-{zh-hans:访问;zh-tw:存取;}-[[非揮發性記憶體]]介质（例如採用[[快閃記憶體]]的[[固态硬盘|固態硬碟機]]）。NVMe也是一种协议以及允许SSD使用PCIe总线的软硬件标准。
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 300
| image1 = Intel P3608 NVMe flash SSD, PCI-E add-in card.jpg
| image2 = Intel 512G M2 Solid State Drive.png
| footer = [[PCI Express]]型、[[M.2]]型（下）}}
NVM代表非揮發性記憶體（non-volatile memory）的[[首字母縮略字]]，这是固态硬盘（SSD）的常见的闪存形式。此規範主要是為基於快閃記憶體的存儲裝置提供一個低延時、內部並行化的原生界面規範，也為現代[[CPU]]、電腦平台及相關應用提供原生存儲並行化的支援<ref>Compare: {{cite web
| url = http://www.nvmexpress.org/
| title = NVM Express
| publisher = NVM Express, Inc.
| access-date = 2017-01-24
| quote = NVMe™ is designed from the ground up to deliver high bandwidth and low latency storage access for current and future NVM technologies.
| archive-date = 2017-02-07
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207023327/http://nvmexpress.org/
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>，令主機硬體和軟體可以充分利用固態存儲裝置的並列化存儲能力。相比此前[[硬碟機|機械硬碟機]]（HDD）時代的[[AHCI]]（SATA下的協議），NVMe/NVMHCI降低了[[I/O]]操作等待時間、提升同一時間內的操作數、更大容量的操作隊列等。

依託於PCIe匯流排，NVMe裝置包括各種支援PCIe匯流排的物理插槽的裝置，包括標準尺寸的PCIe[[扩充卡]]（一般是4個PCIe通道）<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intel-ssd-dc-p3700-nvme,3858-3.html
| title = Intel SSD DC P3700 800GB and 1.6TB Review: The Future of Storage
| date = 2014-08-13 | accessdate = 2014-11-21
| author = Drew Riley | website = tomshardware.com
}}</ref>、採用[[U.2]]物理連接界面（SFF-8639）的2.5英寸/3.5英寸標準尺寸[[固態硬碟]]、<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/ssd-dc-p3600-spec.pdf
| title = Intel Solid-State Drive DC P3600 Series
| date = 2015-03-20
| accessdate = 2015-04-11
| publisher = [[Intel]]
| format = PDF
| pages = 18, 20–22
| archive-date = 2015-04-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234455/http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/ssd-dc-p3600-spec.pdf
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.tomshardware.com/news/sff-8639-u.2-pcie-ssd-nvme,29321.html
| title = SFFWG Renames PCIe SSD SFF-8639 Connector To U.2
| date = 2015-06-05 | accessdate = 2015-06-09
| author = Paul Alcorn | publisher = [[Tom's Hardware]]
}}</ref>[[SATA Express]]匯流排（相容於PCIe）的裝置、[[M.2]]規格擴展卡等。<ref name="ahci-nvme">{{cite web
| url = https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI%20as%20SATA%20Express%20Interface%20Options%20-%20Whitepaper_.pdf
| title = AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview
| date = 2013-08-09
| accessdate = 2013-10-02
| author = Dave Landsman
| publisher = [[SATA-IO]]
| format = PDF
| archive-date = 2013-10-05
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000700/https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI%20as%20SATA%20Express%20Interface%20Options%20-%20Whitepaper_.pdf
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>此規範由NVMHCIS工作組負責管理。

==背景==
历史上，大多数SSD使用如[[SATA]]、[[串列SCSI|SAS]]或[[光纤通道]]等接口与计算机接口的[[总线]]连接。随着固态硬盘在大众市场上的流行，SATA已成为[[个人电脑]]中连接SSD的最典型方式；但是，SATA的设计主要是作为[[硬盘|机械硬盘驱动器]]（HDD）的接口，機械結構的HDD使用讀取臂做讀寫，與直接操作固態顆粒的SSD差異很大，并随着时间的推移越来越难满足速度日益提高的SSD。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI_%20_long_.pdf|title=A Comparison of NVMe and AHCI|accessdate=3 July 2013|last=Walker|first=Don H.|work=31 July 2012|publisher=SATA-IO|archive-date=2019-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011912/https://sata-io.org/sites/default/files/documents/NVMe%20and%20AHCI_%20_long_.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>随着在大众市场的流行，许多固态硬盘的数据速率提升已经放缓。不同于机械硬盘，部分SSD已受到SATA最大[[吞吐量]]的限制。

在NVMe出现之前，-{zh-hans:高端;zh-tw:高階;}-SSD只得以采用PCI Express总线制造，但需使用非标准规范的接口。若使用标准化的SSD接口，[[操作系统]]只需要一个驱动程序就能使用符合规范的所有SSD。这也意味着每个SSD制造商不必用额外的资源来设计特定接口的驱动程序。<ref name="whitepaper">{{Cite web|url=http://nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NVM_whitepaper.pdf|title=NVM Express Explained|accessdate=21 March 2015|date=9 April 2014|format=PDF|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212346/http://nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NVM_whitepaper.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>

截至2014年9月，在[[光纤通道]]（FC）上使用NVMe的新标准也正在开发。<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://fibrechannel.org/fibre-channel-industry-association-collaborating-with-nvm-express-inc-to-define-new-standard-for-fabric-based-solid-state-storage-devices/ |title=Fibre Channel Industry Association Collaborating with NVM Express, Inc. to Define New Standard for Fabric-Based Solid-State Storage Devices |access-date=2017-11-09 |archive-date=2017-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702103822/http://fibrechannel.org/fibre-channel-industry-association-collaborating-with-nvm-express-inc-to-define-new-standard-for-fabric-based-solid-state-storage-devices/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

截止2018年，NVMe包含NVMe、NVMe-MI以及NVMe-oF（NVMe over Fabrics）三个细分协议，其中NVMe为主协议，规范了host对盘的读写、-{zh-hans:访问;zh-tw:存取;}-以及资源管理等功能，NVMe-MI主要包括带外管理相关的功能，NVMe-oF主要是基于NVMe的网络协议规范，可以将FC等网络协议与NVMe进行结合起来。同时，并且三个协议在协同演进，未来将会围绕NVMe形成一个从盘到存储系统的端到端生态。

==PCI Express與传统的SATA差異==
NVMe标准对比AHCI标准：
*当数据从存储传输到服务器主机时，会进入一行或队列。传统的SATA连接只能支持一个队列，一次只能接收32条数据。而NVMe存储支持最多64000个队列，每个队列有64000个条目。
*NVMe使用原生[[PCIe]]通道，免去了SATA与SAS接口的[[主機控制器]]与CPU通信所带来的延时。NVMe标准的延时只有AHCI的一半不到：NVMe精简了调用方式，执行命令时不需要读取寄存器；而AHCI每条命令则需要读取4次寄存器，一共会消耗8000次CPU循环，从而造成大概2.5微秒的延迟。
*NVMe支持同时从[[多核处理器]]接受命令和优先处理请求，这在企业级的重负载时优势明显。
*NVMe加入了自动功耗状态切换和动态能耗管理功能。设备从Power State 0闲置50ms后可以切换到Power State 1；继续闲置的话，在500ms后又会进入功耗更低的Power State 2，切换时会有短暂延迟。SSD在闲置时可以非常快速的控制在极低的-{zh-hans:水平;zh-tw:水準;}-，在功耗管理上NVMe标准的SSD会比AHCI SSD拥有较大优势。

==历史==
2009年Intel开始着手寻找[[SATA]]的替代方案。SATA作为串行接口，采用AHCI规范，其已经成为制约SSD速度的瓶颈。AHCI只有1个命令队列，队列深度32。而NVMe可以有65535个命令队列，每个队列都可以深达65536个命令。NVMe也充分使用了MSI的2048个中断向量优势，延迟大大减小。最新的版本是2.0c；最大带宽约为16GB/s。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nvmexpress.org/nvm-express-announces-the-rearchitected-nvme-2-0-library-of-specifications/ |title=NVM Express Announces the Rearchitected NVMe 2.0 Library of Specifications |access-date=2022-12-25 |archive-date=2023-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118185928/https://nvmexpress.org/nvm-express-announces-the-rearchitected-nvme-2-0-library-of-specifications/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

2018年，基于NVMe的SSD已经可以突破15TB可用容量，读带宽达到6GB/s，100万IOPS（4KB随机读），同时保证微秒级延迟。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tech.huanqiu.com/diginews/2018-06/12230591.html|title=打造绿色数据中心 Memblaze发布NVMe SSD新品_科技_环球网|accessdate=2018-11-13|last=王楠|work=tech.huanqiu.com|language=en|archive-date=2018-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075739/http://tech.huanqiu.com/diginews/2018-06/12230591.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2021年推出的NVMe 2.0加入了對區塊儲存（{{langx|en|Zoned Storage}}）的支援。<ref> https://nvmexpress.org/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-nvme-2-0-specifications-and-new-technical-proposals/</ref>

產品規格：
* 1.0e（2013年1月）
* 1.1b（2014年7月）
* 1.2（2014年11月）
** 1.2a（2015年10月）
** 1.2b（2016年6月）
** 1.2.1（2016年6月）
* 1.3（2017年5月）
** 1.3a（2017年10月）
** 1.3b（2018年5月）
** 1.3c（2018年5月）
** 1.3d（2019年3月）
* 1.4（2019年6月）
** 1.4a（2020年3月）
** 1.4b（2020年9月）
* 2.0（2021年5月）<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nvmexpress.org/nvm-express-announces-the-rearchitected-nvme-2-0-library-of-specifications/ |title=NVM Express Announces the Rearchitected NVMe 2.0 Library of Specifications |access-date=2022-12-25 |archive-date=2023-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118185928/https://nvmexpress.org/nvm-express-announces-the-rearchitected-nvme-2-0-library-of-specifications/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
** 2.0a（2021年7月）
** 2.0b（2022年1月）
** 2.0c（2022年10月）
** 2.0d（2024年8月）
* 2.1（2024年8月）
* 2.2（2025年3月）
* 2.3（2025年8月）

== 作業系統支援 ==
[[File:IO stack of the Linux kernel.svg|thumb|right|upright=2.0|Linux內核的存儲控制堆疊中，NVMe的資料路徑、不同層面下多重內部隊列的位置<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Linux_Storage_Stack_Diagram
| title = Linux Storage Stack Diagram
| date = 2015-06-01
| accessdate = 2015-06-08
| author1 = Werner Fischer
| author2 = Georg Schönberger
| publisher = Thomas-Krenn.AG
| archive-date = 2019-06-29
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190629213450/https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Linux_Storage_Stack_Diagram
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>]]

; [[9Front]]
: 2017年3月30日，NVMe驅動程式釋出並供使用<ref>{{cite web|url=http://code.9front.org/hg/plan9front/file/30cf99b1c789/sys/src/9/pc/sdnvme.c|title=hg/plan9front:sys/src/9/pc/sdnvme.c|accessdate=2017-08-22|archive-date=2017-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331122435/http://code.9front.org/hg/plan9front/file/30cf99b1c789/sys/src/9/pc/sdnvme.c|dead-url=no}}</ref>

; [[Chrome OS]]
: 2015年2月24日，加入NVMe驅動至內核和開機載入程式，可從NVMe裝置啟動Chrome OS<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nvmexpress.org/blog/chromeos-adds-boot-support-for-nvm-express/|title=NVM Express » ChromeOS adds boot support for NVM Express|work=nvmexpress.org|accessdate=21 March 2015|archive-date=2016-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422035722/http://www.nvmexpress.org/blog/chromeos-adds-boot-support-for-nvm-express/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/depthcharge/+/4f503189f7339c667b045ab80a949964ecbaf93e|title=4f503189f7339c667b045ab80a949964ecbaf93e - chromiumos/platform/depthcharge - Git at Google|work=googlesource.com|accessdate=21 March 2015|archive-date=2017-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823021433/https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/depthcharge/+/4f503189f7339c667b045ab80a949964ecbaf93e|dead-url=no}}</ref>

; [[DragonFly BSD]]
: DragonFly 4.6開始內建NVMe驅動程式<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dragonflybsd.org/release46/ |title=DragonFly BSD 4.6 |website=www.dragonflybsd.org |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2016-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904012548/http://www.dragonflybsd.org/release46/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

; [[FreeBSD]]
: Intel贊助開發的驅動程式已內建於FreeBSD的head、stable/9分支中。<ref>{{cite web|title=Log of /head/sys/dev/nvme|url=http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/dev/nvme/?view=log|work=FreeBSD source tree|publisher=The FreeBSD Project|accessdate=16 October 2012|archive-date=2013-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529021706/http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/dev/nvme/?view=log|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Log of /stable/9/sys/dev/nvme|url=http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/stable/9/sys/dev/nvme/?view=log|work=FreeBSD source tree|publisher=The FreeBSD Project|accessdate=3 July 2013|archive-date=2018-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216215017/https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/stable/9/sys/dev/nvme/?view=log|dead-url=no}}</ref>nvd(4)和nvme(4)驅動程式則是在10.2版FreeBSD中開始預設內建於其中。<ref>{{cite web|title=FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE Release Notes|url=https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.2R/relnotes.html#kernel-config|publisher=The FreeBSD Project|accessdate=5 August 2015|archive-date=2017-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618081513/https://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.2R/relnotes.html#kernel-config|dead-url=no}}</ref>

; [[Haiku]]
: Haiku已有驅動開發時程，但是目前仍未完成<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dev.haiku-os.org/ticket/9910 |title=#9910 NVMe devices support |website=dev.haiku-os.org |accessdate=2016-07-28 |archive-date=2016-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806110839/https://dev.haiku-os.org/ticket/9910 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

; [[illumos]]
: illumos於2014年10月15日獲得驅動程式支援<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/commit/3c9168fa8e9c30d55b3aa2fde74bd7da46df53f5 |title=4053 Add NVME Driver Support to Illumos |website=github.com |accessdate=2016-05-23 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510112656/https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/commit/3c9168fa8e9c30d55b3aa2fde74bd7da46df53f5 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

; [[iOS]]
: iOS 9開始支援，首款配備了NVMe介面的裝置是[[iPhone 6S]]/[[IPhone 6S Plus|6S Plus]]，也是首款採用NVMe的行動裝置。物理介面和[[UFS卡|UFS]]相同的採用[[PCIe|M-PHY PCIe]]。接下來[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]推出的[[iPad Pro]]和[[iPhone SE]]也採用了NVMe<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9662/iphone-6s-and-iphone-6s-plus-preliminary-results|title=iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus Preliminary Results|last=Ho|first=Joshua|website=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2016-06-01|archive-date=2016-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526001956/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9662/iphone-6s-and-iphone-6s-plus-preliminary-results|dead-url=no}}</ref>

; {{Anchor|BLKMQ}}[[Linux]]
: NVMe的驅動程式最早是英特爾提供的，適用於Linux的內核驅動程式模組。<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://sb.lwn.net/Articles/431103/
|title = NVM Express driver
|author = Matthew Wilcox
|publisher = [[LWN.net]]
|date = 2011-03-03
|accessdate = 2013-11-05
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://archive.today/20120717195616/http://sb.lwn.net/Articles/431103/
|archivedate = 2012-07-17
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.flashmemorysummit.com/English/Collaterals/Proceedings/2013/20130812_PreConfD_Busch.pdf
| title = Linux NVMe Driver
| format = PDF
| date = 2013-08-12
| accessdate = 2013-11-05
| author = Keith Busch
| website = flashmemorysummit.com
| archive-date = 2013-11-05
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105224356/http://www.flashmemorysummit.com/English/Collaterals/Proceedings/2013/20130812_PreConfD_Busch.pdf
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url = https://intel.activeevents.com/sf13/connect/fileDownload/session/FF44850B359CA1CD47D3E6A3437446FD/SF13_SSDL001_100.pdf
|title = IDF13 Hands-on Lab: Compiling the NVM Express Linux Open Source Driver and SSD Linux Benchmarks and Optimizations
|year = 2013
|accessdate = 2014-01-11
|website = activeevents.com
|format = PDF
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140111004350/https://intel.activeevents.com/sf13/connect/fileDownload/session/FF44850B359CA1CD47D3E6A3437446FD/SF13_SSDL001_100.pdf
|archivedate = 2014-01-11
}}</ref>這個模組在2012年3月19日整合到[[Linux內核]]的主線驅動程式當中，Linux內核3.3版開始內建支援而無需安裝額外模組。<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=92b5abbb44e05cdbc4483219f30a435dd871a8ea
| title = Merge <nowiki>git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/linux-nvme</nowiki>
| date = 2012-01-18 | accessdate = 2013-11-05
| website = kernel.org
}}</ref>
: NVMe采用了多队列设计，最高支持64k个队列。2014年1月19日的Linux內核 3.13版開始，block层增加了multi-queue block layer，这一模块可以充分利用多核CPU和底层高速SSD硬件资源，主机CPU的I/O提交队列可以与SSD侧的提交队列进行绑定，即是说每个CPU核可以与SSD硬件的队列进行1：1或者n:m（比值取决于硬件设计）进行配置。对上层应用仍然是通用的块接口。从应用的角度，在某一个CPU Core上产生的IO请求，中断也会在此CPU Core处理, 性能更优。在SSD性能不是瓶颈的情况下，应用的性能能够实现在多核环境下按照CPU Core的数量扩展，这点与AHCI的CPU单队列-{zh-hans:访问;zh-tw:存取;}-存储设备的机制有所不同。
:2015年4月12日發佈的Linux內核 4.0版開始，VirtIO區塊層驅動程式，[[SCSI]]驅動層（與[[SATA]]驅動共用）、[[回環裝置]]驅動（[[loop device]]） UBI（[[unsorted block images]]）驅動（供快閃記憶體實作區塊擦寫管理）以及[[RBD (software)|RBD]]驅動程式（which exports [[Ceph (software)|Ceph]] RADOS objects as block devices）都被修改，以適應及適配越來越多的NVMe裝置<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.18#head-33c4411268090eb7f26e857fd25010a2f60215e1
| title = Linux kernel 3.18, Section 1.8. Optional multiqueue SCSI support
| date = 2014-12-07
| accessdate = 2014-12-18
| website = kernelnewbies.org
| archive-date = 2014-12-18
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141218175606/http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.18#head-33c4411268090eb7f26e857fd25010a2f60215e1
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_4.0#head-39e71e330520ccd5af4714d153e2f71243b69422
| title = Linux kernel 4.0, Section 3. Block
| date = 2015-05-01
| accessdate = 2015-05-02
| website = kernelnewbies.org
| archive-date = 2015-05-04
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150504015114/http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_4.0#head-39e71e330520ccd5af4714d153e2f71243b69422
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Linux_Multi-Queue_Block_IO_Queueing_Mechanism_%28blk-mq%29#Device_Drivers
| title = Linux Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq) - Device Drivers
| date = 2015-06-08
| accessdate = 2015-06-08
| website = thomas-krenn.com
| archive-date = 2016-03-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222533/https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Linux_Multi-Queue_Block_IO_Queueing_Mechanism_(blk-mq)#Device_Drivers
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>

; [[NetBSD]]
: NetBSD在2016年的開發版本中初步支援NVMe。<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?nvme++NetBSD-current
|website=NetBSD manual pages
|title=nvme -- Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface
|date=2016-01-01
|accessdate=2016-09-02
|archive-date=2016-09-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915094238/http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?nvme++NetBSD-current
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>

; [[OpenBSD]]
: OpenBSD的NVMe驅動程式自2014年6月開始，由此前開發並釋出[[USB 2.0|USB]]、[[AHCI]]驅動程式的高級開發團隊負責。<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/ic/nvme.c
|website=BSD Cross Reference
|author=David Gwynne
|title=non volatile memory express controller (/sys/dev/ic/nvme.c)
|date=2014-04-16
|accessdate=2014-04-27
|archive-date=2014-04-28
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428064533/http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/ic/nvme.c
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>OpenBSD 6.0開始正式支援。<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/nvme.4
|website=OpenBSD man page
|author=David Gwynne
|title=man 4 nvme
|date=2016-04-14
|accessdate=2016-08-07
|archive-date=2016-08-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821152138/http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/nvme.4
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>

; [[macOS|OS X/macOS]]
: Mac OS X 10.10.3（[[OS X Yosemite]]）開始支援NVMe。蘋果公司的[[MacBook_(Retina显示屏)|Retina MacBook]]和2016年發佈[[MacBook Pro]]，配備了使用NVMe的PCIe SSD作為主硬碟機使用。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2015/04/11/nvme-mac-os-x/|title=Faster 'NVM Express' SSD Interface Arrives on Retina MacBook and OS X 10.10.3|work=macrumors.com|accessdate=11 April 2015|archive-date=2017-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823073749/https://www.macrumors.com/2015/04/11/nvme-mac-os-x/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

; [[Solaris]]
: Solaris自Oracle Solaris 11.2開始支援NVMe。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36784_01/html/E36884/esc-nxge-7d.html |title=nvme(7D) |publisher=Oracle |accessdate=2014-12-02 |archive-date=2015-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209002431/http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36784_01/html/E36884/esc-nxge-7d.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

; [[VMware]]
: 英特爾釋出了供VMWare使用的NVMe驅動程式，<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/23929/Intel-Solid-State-Drive-Data-Center-Family-for-NVMe-Drivers
| title = Intel Solid-State for NVMe Drivers
| date = 2015-09-25
| accessdate = 2016-03-17
| website = intel.com
| archive-date = 2016-03-25
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160325235340/https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/23929/Intel-Solid-State-Drive-Data-Center-Family-for-NVMe-Drivers
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>vSphere 6.0以及其後的版本中，均包含了該驅動程式，支援多種NVMe裝置。<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/vcl/result.php?search=NVMe&searchCategory=all
| title = VMware Compatibility Guide for NVMe devices
| accessdate = 2016-03-17
| website = vmware.com
| archive-date = 2016-03-25
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160325054537/http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/vcl/result.php?search=NVMe&searchCategory=all
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>在 vSphere 6 update 1 更新中，VMWare的VSAN軟體模擬的存儲子系統也開始支援NVMe裝置。<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://blogs.vmware.com/virtualblocks/2015/11/11/vsan-now-supporting-nvme-devices/
| title = VSAN Now Supporting NVMe Devices
| date = 2015-11-11
| accessdate = 2016-03-17
| website = vmware.com
| archive-date = 2016-03-25
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160325132909/https://blogs.vmware.com/virtualblocks/2015/11/11/vsan-now-supporting-nvme-devices/
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>

; [[微軟視窗|Windows]]
: 微軟在[[Windows 8.1]]和[[Windows Server 2012 R2]]開始，原生支援NVMe裝置。<ref name="snia-windows">{{Cite web
| url = http://snia.org/sites/default/files2/SDC2013/presentations/FileSystems/AndyHeron_Enhancements_To_Win81_Storage.pdf
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140110193117/http://snia.org/sites/default/files2/SDC2013/presentations/FileSystems/AndyHeron_Enhancements_To_Win81_Storage.pdf
| title = Advancements in Storage and File Systems in Windows 8.1
| year = 2013
| accessdate = 2014-01-11
| archivedate = 2014-01-10
| author = Andy Herron
| website = snia.org
| format = PDF
| dead-url = no
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myce.com/news/windows-8-1-to-support-hybrid-disks-and-native-nvme-driver-68663/ |title=Windows 8.1 to support hybrid disks and adds native NVMe driver |website=Myce.com |date=2013-09-06 |accessdate=2014-01-11 |archive-date=2014-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110200352/http://www.myce.com/news/windows-8-1-to-support-hybrid-disks-and-native-nvme-driver-68663/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>同時也為[[Windows 7]]和[[Windows Server 2008 R2]]提供原生驅動程式支援（Windows 7與Windows Server 2008 R2預設不支援NVMe，需由使用者自行下載獲取）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2990941/en-us |title=Update to support NVM Express by using native drivers in Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 |publisher=Microsoft |date=2014-11-13 |accessdate=2014-11-17 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129141731/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2990941/en-us |dead-url=no }}</ref>
: 除了微軟官方提供的驅動程式以外，[[OpenFabrics Alliance]]也有維護一套開放原始碼的NVMe驅動程式，使用於Windows 7、8、8.1、10以及Windows Server 2008 R2、2012、2012 R2，這套驅動程式由數個加入了NVMe工作組的公司開發，包括[[Integrated Device Technology|IDT]]、英特爾以及[[LSI]]。<ref>{{cite web |title= Windows NVM Express |work= Project web site |url= http://www.openfabrics.org/resources/developer-tools/nvme-windows-development.html |accessdate= September 18, 2013 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130612081416/https://www.openfabrics.org/resources/developer-tools/nvme-windows-development.html |archivedate= 2013年6月12日 }}</ref> 当前版本为2016年12月发布的1.5。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://svn.openfabrics.org/svnrepo/nvmewin/releases/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2017-08-22 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510114242/https://svn.openfabrics.org/svnrepo/nvmewin/releases/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 參見 ==
{{Portal|資訊科技}}

* [[電腦裝置頻寬列表]]
* [[M.2]]
* [[PCI Express]]
* [[SATA]]
* [[SATA Express]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== 外部連結 ==
{{Commons category|NVM Express}}

* [https://nvmexpress.org NVM Express – scalable, efficient, and industry standard]{{Wayback|url=https://nvmexpress.org/ |date=20191205093351 }}
* [https://lwn.net/Articles/547903/ LFCS: Preparing Linux for nonvolatile memory devices]{{Wayback|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/547903/ |date=20170519075206 }}, [[LWN.net]], April 19, 2013, by Jonathan Corbet
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161118033839/http://events.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/LinuxVault2015_KeithBusch_PCIeMPath.pdf Multipathing PCI Express Storage], [[Linux Foundation]], March 12, 2015, by Keith Busch

{{总线}}
{{固态硬盘}}

[[Category:计算机存储总线]]
[[Category:固态计算机存储]]
[[Category:计算机硬件标准]]

NVM Express - 版本历史

~2026-11056-11：​/* 历史 */

~2026-11056-11：/* 历史 */