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{{Infobox Galaxy
| name = [[NGC天體表|NGC]] 7013
| image =NGC 7013 hst 06359 606.png
| image_size =250px
| caption = 哈伯太空望遠鏡拍攝的NGC 7013.
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| type = SA(r)0/a, [[低電離星系核|LINER]]<ref name="ned">{{cite web
| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| work=Results for NGC 7013
| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
| access-date=2017-05-21
| archive-date=2000-10-19
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001019032134/http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>
| ra = {{RA|21|03|33.6}}<ref name="ned" />
| dec = {{DEC|29|53|51}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = {{cvt|37|-|41.4|Mly|Mpc|lk=on}} (estimated)
| z = 0.002598<ref name="ned" />
| h_radial_v = 779 km/s<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v = 12.40<ref name="ned" />
| size_v = 4.0 × 1.4<ref name="ned" />
| constellation name = [[天鵝座]]
| names = {{odlist|UGC=11670|CGCG=491-2|IRAS=21014+2941|MCG=5-49-1|PGC=66003}}<ref name="ned" />
|size=~{{convert|17.72|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated)<ref name="ned" />}}

'''NGC 7013'''是一個[[螺旋星系]]或[[透鏡星系]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />，估計距離[[地球]]約 3,700 至 4,140萬[[光年]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Confrontation of Modified Newtonian Dynamics with the rotation curves of early-type disc galaxies|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=379|issue=2|pages=702–710|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11981.x|year=2007|last1=Sanders|first1=R. H.|last2=Noordermeer|first2=E.|doi-access=free |bibcode=2007MNRAS.379..702S|arxiv = astro-ph/0703352 |s2cid=15527939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=B.A. Williams|first=F. J. Kerr|title=H I observations of elliptical galaxies|date=21 December 1977|bibcode=1978ApJ...222..800K|journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=222|pages=15|doi=10.1086/156199|doi-access=free}}</ref>，位于[[星座]][[天鵝座]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://dso-browser.com/deep-sky/8200/ngc-7013/galaxy|title=Galaxy NGC 7013 · Deep Sky Objects Browser|last=Rojas|first=Sebastián García|website=DSO Browser|language=en|access-date=2017-05-18|archive-date=2017-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807071101/https://dso-browser.com/deep-sky/8200/ngc-7013/galaxy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。NGC 7013由英國天文學家[[威廉·赫歇爾]]於1784年7月17日發現，他的兒子天文學家[[約翰·赫歇爾]] 也於1828年9月15日觀測到它<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc70.htm|title=New General Catalog Objects: NGC 7000 – 7049|website=cseligman.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-15|archive-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628171426/http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc70.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 物理特性 ==
NGC 7013相對於地球視線傾斜 90°<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=V. L. Afanasiev|first=O. K. Sil’chenko|date=13 December 2001|title=Chemically distinct nuclei and circumnuclear rings in lenticular galaxies NGC 4429 and NGC 7013|url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2002/13/aa1909.pdf|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=385|pages=1–13|bibcode=2002A&A...385....1S|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020143|doi-access=free|access-date=2025-06-23|archive-date=2017-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815040430/https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2002/13/aa1909.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>，允許人类較明顯的看見其結構。然而，NGC 7013被歸類為具有緊密纏繞臂的[[螺旋星系]]或[[透鏡星系]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />。 NGC 7013也被認為是一類星系核的一部分，該類星系核由它們的[[譜線|發射譜線]]定義，稱為[[低電離星系核]]星系（{{langx|en|low-ionization nuclear emission-line region}}，LINER）<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kopernik.org/images/archive/n7013.htm|title=NGC 7013, Spiral Galaxy|last=Normandin|first=George P.|website=www.kopernik.org|access-date=2017-05-21|archive-date=2017-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815023828/http://www.kopernik.org/images/archive/n7013.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+7013&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES|title=Your NED Search Results|website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu|access-date=2017-09-03|archive-date=2019-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207180238/http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+7013&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這個星系似乎有兩個環，內環似乎與中心凸起完全斷開，而外環中的星星似乎具有非常小的螺旋圖案<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kentbiggs.com/images/galaxies/N7013-2.htm|title=AstroImaging by Kent Biggs|website=www.kentbiggs.com|access-date=2017-05-21}}</ref>。NGC 7013的光學圖像顯示它有一個小[[核球]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Prieto|first1=M.|last2=Aguerri|first2=J. A. L.|last3=Varela|first3=A. M.|last4=Muñoz-Tuñón|first4=C.|title=Optical surface photometry of a sample of disk galaxies|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|date=15 February 2001|volume=367|issue=2|pages=405–427|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000426|arxiv=astro-ph/0012110|bibcode=2001A&A...367..405P|s2cid=55807769}}</ref>，有一個明亮的內環和一個微弱的圓盤，有塵埃帶穿過其中<ref name=":0" />。{{link-en|帕羅馬山天文台-國家地理巡天|Palomar Observatory-National Geographic Sky Survey}}對星系進行了更長時間的曝光，顯示了核球和內環周圍的擴展盤。這個盤幾乎沒有什麼結構，除了一個穿過星系的微弱的、薄的螺旋狀特徵<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=27 October 1983 |title=Distribution and motions of atomic hydrogen in lenticular galaxies II. NGC 7013 |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1984A%26A...133..127K&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=133 |pages=127 |bibcode=1984A&A...133..127K |last1=Knapp |first1=G. R. |last2=Van Driel |first2=W. |last3=Schwarz |first3=U. J. |last4=Van Woerden |first4=H. |author5=Gallagher, J. S., III |access-date=2025-06-23 |archive-date=2019-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215071111/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1984A&A...133..127K&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

=== 中性氫分佈 ===
NGC 7013中的中性氫主要分布於兩個環中。在兩個環之間，星際介質的濃度非常低。NGC 7013盤之間中性氫的低水準和星系的紅色，表明星系盤的氣體含量已經下降到可能生成恆星的閾值以下。小的核球比以及緩慢的旋轉速度表明 NGC 7013是一個低質量、低密度的星系，與更明亮、更典型的[[透鏡星系]]不同。因此，這個星系可能是一個前晚期的螺旋星系，可能通過恆星形成或內部掃蕩耗盡了大部分星際氣體<ref name=":0" />。

=== 圖集 ===
<gallery>
File:NGC 7013 2MASS.jpg| [[2MASS]]的NGC 7013影像。
</gallery>

== 相關條目 ==
* [[黑眼星系]]
* [[NGC 4414]]
* [[NGC天體列表 (7000-7999)]]
* [[NGC 7020]]

== 參考文獻 ==
{{reflist}}

== 外部連結 ==
{{commons category}}
{{WikiSky}}
* [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+7013&submit=SIMBAD+search Simbad]
* [http://www.ngcicproject.org/NGC/NGC_70xx/NGC_7013.htm NGC/IC Project Restoration Effort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829175506/http://ngcicproject.org/NGC/NGC_70xx/NGC_7013.htm |date=2018-08-29 }}

{{Catalogs|NGC=7013|UGC=11670|PGC=66003}}
{{Ngc75}}
{{天鵝座恆星}}

[[Category:無棒螺旋星系]]
[[Category:LINER星系]]
[[Category:天鵝座]]
[[Category:NGC天體|7013]]
[[Category:UGC天體|11670]]
[[Category:PGC天體|66003]]
[[Category:透鏡狀星系]]
[[Category:1784年發現的天體]]

NGC 7013 - 版本历史

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