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2026-01-19T11:20:26Z

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{{NoteTA
|G1 = Military
|G2 = Unit
}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = 挪威(或國家)先進地對空飛彈系統
| image = Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = NASAMS發射裝備
| origin = {{NOR}} {{USA}}
| type = [[地對空飛彈]]系統

| is_ranged = yes
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive = yes
| is_artillery =
| is_vehicle =
| is_missile = yes

| service = 1998–現在
| used_by =
| wars =

| designer = [[孔斯贝格国防与航空航天]]
| design_date =
| manufacturer = [[孔斯贝格国防与航空航天]] [[雷神技術公司]]
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants =

| spec_label =
| weight =
| length =
| part_length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| crew = 2

| cartridge =
| caliber =
| barrels =
| action =
| rate =
| velocity =
| max_range =
| feed =
| sights =

| breech =
| recoil =
| carriage =
| elevation =
| traverse =

| blade_type =
| hilt_type =
| sheath_type =
| head_type =
| haft_type =

| filling =
| filling_weight =
| detonation =
| yield =

| primary_armament =
| secondary_armament =
| engine =
| engine_power =
| pw_ratio =
| transmission =
| payload_capacity =
| suspension =
| clearance =
| fuel_capacity =
| vehicle_range =
| speed =
| guidance =
| steering =

| wingspan =
| propellant =
| ceiling =
| altitude = 21公里 (NASAMS 2 / AMRAAM) 35.7公里 (NASAMS 3 / AMRAAM-ER)
| range = 飛彈射程: 30公里 (NASAMS 2 / [[AIM-120先進中程空對空飛彈|AMRAAM]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/20200306.aspx|title=Air Defense: India Gets Integrated|website=strategypage.com|date=2020-03-06|access-date=2021-01-29|archive-date=2022-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003100456/https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/20200306.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref> 50公里 (NASAMS 3 / [[AIM-120先進中程空對空飛彈#AMRAAM-ER|AMRAAM-ER]])<ref name="AIM-120 AMRAAM-Extended Range">{{cite web |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM-Extended Range |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/aim-120-er.htm |publisher=[[GlobalSecurity.org]] |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703073305/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/aim-120-er.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="army-technology.com">[http://www.army-technology.com/projects/surface-launched/ Surface-Launched AMRAAM (SL-AMRAAM / CLAWS), United States of America] {{Wayback|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/surface-launched/ |date=20120107144343 }} – Army Technology.com</ref> 
雷達追蹤範圍: 120公里 (NASAMS2/{{tsl|en|AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel|AN/MPQ-64F1哨兵三維對空搜索雷達}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kongsberg.com/kda/what-we-do/defence-and-security/integrated-air-and-missile-defence/nasams-air-defence-system/raytheon-mpq64f1-sentinel-radar/|title=Raytheon MPQ-64F1 Improved Sentinel Radar – NASAMS|website=Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace|access-date=2022-10-17|archive-date=2022-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930063841/https://www.kongsberg.com/kda/what-we-do/defence-and-security/integrated-air-and-missile-defence/nasams-air-defence-system/raytheon-mpq64f1-sentinel-radar/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| boost =
| accuracy =
| launch_platform =
| transport =
}}

[[File:Een-amraam-raket-verlaat-de-canister-van-de-lanceerinrichting.jpg|thumb|NASAMS1發射AIM-120 AMRAAM]]

'''挪威先進地對空導彈系統'''（{{Langx|en|Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System}}）又稱'''國家先進地對空導彈系統'''（{{Lang|en|National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System}}）<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/defense-systems/national-advanced-surface-to-air-missile-system-nasams/|title=National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS)|website=[[Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance]]|access-date=2022-12-04|archive-date=2020-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427152013/https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/defense-systems/national-advanced-surface-to-air-missile-system-nasams/|dead-url=no}}</ref>，簡稱'''NASAMS'''，是一種分散式網路化的中短程陸基[[防空]][[飛彈]][[系統]]，由挪威的{{Link-en|孔斯贝格国防与航空航天}}和美国[[雷神技术公司|雷神技術公司]]開發<ref>{{Cite web |title=nasams |url=http://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/what-we-do/missile-defense/air-and-missile-defense-systems/nasams |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118010939/https://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/what-we-do/missile-defense/air-and-missile-defense-systems/nasams |dead-url=no }}</ref>。此款防空飛彈系統可防禦[[無人航空載具]] (UAV)、[[直升機]]、[[巡弋飛彈]]、[[無人戰鬥航空載具]] (UCAV) 和固定翼飛機。

==改為地對空飛彈==
[[File:CATM 120C AMRAAM p1230119.jpg|thumb|車載版AIM-120 AMRAAM，全名為美國首都區域防空系統(National Capital Region's air defense system)，分別裝備四枚AIM-120 AMRAAM與兩枚[[AIM-9響尾蛇飛彈#AIM-9X|AIM-9X Sidewinder]]]]
[[雷神技术公司|雷神技術公司]]原設計將四枚[[AIM-120先進中程空對空飛彈]]與兩枚[[AIM-9響尾蛇飛彈#AIM-9X|AIM-9X響尾蛇飛彈]]合併改為新型防空飛彈系統，將發射器裝設在[[悍馬_(軍用汽車)|悍馬車]]上，飛彈接收另外一具雷達傳遞過來的初始導引訊號（可能來自於一具[[AN/MPQ-64 哨兵雷達]]或是[[愛國者飛彈]]的AN/MPQ-53單脈沖體制多功能相控陣對空搜索雷達），攔截低空近距離目標，而由愛國者飛彈負責高空遠程的目標。飛彈自地面發射時的射程會短於空射，這是因為發射時載具沒有速度與高度的緣故，這套系統被稱作「SLAMRAAM」（意指「地面發射的AMRAAM」），後成為美國的首都區域防空系統(National Capital Region's air defense system) 。

後來孔斯贝格国防与航空航天（Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace）與[[雷神技术公司|雷神技術公司]]共同開發NASAMS，讓其成為第一款實用化的陸基AMRAAM應用，整套系統包括可由地面車輛拖曳的發射器（每具發射器有6枚飛彈）、雷達和控制中心。目前總共有7個國家使用NASAMS，包括美國的首都區域防空系統、挪威、芬蘭、西班牙、丹麥等國)。而NASAMS也是目前北約國家中最廣泛部署的中短程防空飛彈系統。

===各種版本===
====NASAMS 1====
[[File:NASAMS 1, Bodø, 2005.jpg|thumb|NASAMS1防空飛彈系統發射器]]
====NASAMS 2====
[[File:NASAMS II E.T..JPG|thumb|西班牙的NASAMS2車載防空飛彈系統發射車]]
[[File:Lippujuhlan päivän 2022 paraati 059 NASAMS.JPG|thumb|芬蘭的NASAMS2車載防空飛彈系統發射車]]
[[File:Nasams lchr truck.jpg|thumb|荷蘭的NASAMS2車載防空飛彈系統發射車]]
====NASAMS 3====
[[File:AIM-120 AMRAAM P6230147.JPG|thumb|美國首都區域防空系統(National Capital Region's air defense system)為NASAMS3車載防空飛彈系統，發射車裝備之飛彈改為四枚AIM-120 AMRAAM與兩枚[[AIM-9響尾蛇飛彈#AIM-9X|AIM-9X Sidewinder]]，此部署方式可更好有效的進行中短程攔截入侵空域之目標]]
[[File:NASAMS 3 in Lithuanian service (2).jpg|thumb|立陶宛的NASAMS3車載防空飛彈系統發射車]]

==AMRAAM-ER==
[[File:AMRAAM-ER.jpg|thumb|一枚AMRAAM-ER(Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile Extended Range)地對空飛彈模型]]
AMRAAM-ER是AMRAAM的增程版本，2016年10月4號，雷神技術公司在挪威首次成功試射了最新版的AMRAAM-ER飛彈。這次試射是結合了AMRAAM-ER飛彈、NASAMS的發射器、Sentinel Radar、Fire Distribution Center(FDC)，作為NASAMS和新的飛彈的相容性以及飛彈本體的飛行測試，這次測試中裝有彈頭的AMRAMM-ER飛彈成功擊落了靶機。AMRAAM-ER的特色是在原先的AMRAAM的導引和裝藥部的基礎上換裝了[[RIM-162导弹|RIM-162進化型海麻雀飛彈（RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile, ESSM）]]的火箭推進器來增加射程及射高，以強化NASAMS的性能，同時又必須符合經濟效益，這次測試中也證明了NASAMS中更新過的FDC可以有效的和新的AMRAAM-ER飛彈相容。

==使用國==
*{{Flag|Australia}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=美國宣布對台軍售北京怒：連提四個「嚴重」|url=https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%8D%E5%8F%B0%E8%BB%8D%E5%94%AE-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%80%92-%E9%80%A3%E6%8F%90%E5%9B%9B%E5%80%8B-%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D-000007658.html|publisher=鉅亨網|via=hk.finance.yahoo.com|author=鍾詠翔|date=2024-10-28|language=zh-HK|access-date=2024-10-28}}</ref>
*{{CHI}}
*{{FIN}}
*{{Flag|Indonesia}}<ref name=":1" />
*{{LTU}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=sina_mobile|date=2020-11-23|title=俄军机在波罗的海咄咄逼人，防空火力太弱，仅立陶宛有新导弹没用|url=https://k.sina.cn/article_6923564418_19cad3582001010hfb.html?from=mil|access-date=2023-07-09|website=k.sina.cn|archive-date=2023-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709200020/https://k.sina.cn/article_6923564418_19cad3582001010hfb.html?from=mil|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*{{NLD}}
*{{flag|Norway}}<ref name=":0" />
*{{OMN}}
*{{ESP}}
*{{USA}}
*{{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=立陶宛續挺烏克蘭花費逾3億採購NASAMS防空系統|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202306280374.aspx|agency=中央社 CNA|date=2023-06-28|translator=楊昭彥|editor=嚴思祺|language=zh-TW|access-date=2023-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711033343/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202306280374.aspx|archive-date=2023-07-11|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*{{ROC}}：[[中華民國空軍]]規畫對美採購四個連、十六個排的NASAMS系統，以強化重要政經據點、飛彈指揮機制的野戰防空部署。美國政府於2024年10月25日宣布出售三個連的NASAMS 3型與123枚[[AIM-120先進中程空對空飛彈#AMRAAM-ER|AMRAAM-ER]]，首套系統最快於2025年交付，擔任大台北中樞地區防空。為強化對中南部都會區及重要機場丶軍事基地的防空能力，空軍規劃向美方增購9套NASAMS防空飛彈系統及各型飛彈339枚，預估金額將達到台幣1,100億元左右<ref name="DSCA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-36|title=Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States – National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System|date=2024-10-25 |website= Defense Security Cooperation Agency |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=空軍採購4套NASAMS系統優先部署大台北及佳山基地|url=https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4372043|newspaper=自由時報|date=2023-04-14|author=羅添斌|location=台北|access-date=2023-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520005608/https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4270136|archive-date=2023-07-22|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=台灣軍購NASAMS二型學者：提升中程防空能量與接戰效率|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202307180236.aspx|agency=中央社 CNA|author=游凱翔|location=台北|date=2023-07-18|editor=林興盟|language=zh-TW|access-date=2024-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205015827/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202307180236.aspx|archive-date=2024-02-05|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=空軍規劃增購9套NASAMS飛彈系統強化中南部都會區防空戰力|url=https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/5137877|newspaper=自由時報|date=2025-08-09|author=羅添斌|location=台北|access-date=2025-08-14|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250814163332/https://def.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/5137877|archive-date=2025-08-14|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 參考文獻 ==
{{Reflist}}

{{中華民國空軍軍備}}

[[Category:飛彈防禦]]

NASAMS - 版本历史

imported>59cond12：​增加或調整參考來源

imported>59cond12：增加或調整參考來源