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{{NoteTA|G1=IT}}
{{Infobox file format
| logo =
| icon =
| iconcaption =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| extension = .musicxml, .mxl
| mime = application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |title = Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |publisher = Iana.org |accessdate = 24 November 2014 |archive-date = 2020-10-31 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201031174716/http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |dead-url = no }}</ref><br/>application/vnd.recordare.musicxml<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml |title = Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml |publisher = Iana.org |accessdate = 24 November 2014 |archive-date = 2020-08-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809233157/http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml |dead-url = no }}</ref>
| type code =
| uniform type =
| conforms to =
| magic =
| owner = W3C Music Notation Community Group
| released = 
| latest release version = 4.0
| latest release date = 2021年6月<ref name="musicxml40">{{cite web |url = https://w3c.github.io/musicxml/ |title = Working group releases MusicXML update |accessdate = 7 June 2021 |archive-date = 2022-04-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220426213054/https://w3c.github.io/musicxml/ }}</ref>
| genre = [[乐谱]]
| extended from = [[XML]]
| standard =
| free = Yes
| url = https://www.w3.org/2017/12/musicxml31/
}}
'''MusicXML'''（{{langx|en|Music Extensible Markup Language}}，'''音乐扩展标记语言'''）是一个开放的基于[[XML]]的记录西式[[乐谱]]的[[檔案格式]]。该格式是完全自由、开放记录的，并依据W3C社区的许可协议自由使用。<ref>{{cite web |title = Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections — MusicXML, Version 3 |publisher = Library of Congress |date = 9 October 2012 |url = http://www.digitalpreservation.gov:8081/formats/fdd/fdd000358.shtml |accessdate = 14 November 2012 |archive-date = 2020-08-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809220641/http://www.digitalpreservation.gov:8081/formats/fdd/fdd000358.shtml |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name="fsa">{{cite web |title = W3C Community Final Specification Agreement |publisher = W3C |url = https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/final/ |accessdate = 19 December 2017 |archive-date = 2020-06-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200606220533/https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/final/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>

== 历史 ==
MusicXML由[[Reccordare]]公司开发，该技术源于几个现有的基于学术上的关键技术和想法，比如Walter Hewlett的[[MuseData]]和David Huron的Humdrum。被设计用来做为乐谱信息的交换格式，特别是在不同的[[制谱软件]]之间进行交换。随着MakeMusic公司于2011年收购Recordare，MusicXML的开发由MakeMusic管理。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.makemusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2011_11_28_Recordare_Closing_Release_Final.pdf |format = PDF |title = Recordare Closing Release |publisher = Makemusic.com |accessdate = 13 December 2014 |archive-date = 2013-11-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131111163333/http://www.makemusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2011_11_28_Recordare_Closing_Release_Final.pdf |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://tech.mn/files/2011/11/makemusic-buys-recordare-assets.pdf |format = PDF |title = MAKEMUSIC, INC. ENHANCES TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP BY PURCHASING RECORDARE ASSETS |publisher = Tech.mn |accessdate = 13 December 2014 |archive-date = 2016-03-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215200/http://tech.mn/files/2011/11/makemusic-buys-recordare-assets.pdf |dead-url = no }}</ref>从2015年7月起，MusicXML的移交文档给W3C Music Notation Community Group。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/12/30/music_as_mark_up/ |title = Beyond iTunes: XML boffins target sheet music |work = The Register |accessdate = 19 December 2017 |archive-date = 2020-05-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200519224530/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/12/30/music_as_mark_up/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>

MusicXML的1.0版由Recordare公司在2004年1月发布。在2005年5月发布1.1版，包含对文件格式支持的改进。在2007年6月发布了2.0版，并且包含了标准的压缩格式。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/compressed-mxl-files/ |title = Compressed MXL Files |publisher = MusicXML |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 |archive-date = 2020-10-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201017153251/https://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/compressed-mxl-files/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>所有这些都建立在一系列的[[文档类型定义]]（DTD）之上。2.0版的[[XML Schema]]定义（XSD）的实现于2008年9月发布。3.0版在2011年8月发布，改进了对虚拟乐器的支持。同时包含在DTD和XSD版本中。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/for-developers/version-history/ |title = Version History of MusicXML |publisher = Musicxml.com |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 |archive-date = 2020-09-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200920201756/https://www.musicxml.com/for-developers/version-history/ |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harmonycentral.com/news/recordare-adds-finale-2010-support-to-dolet-5-for-finale-plug-in|title=News: Recordare Adds Finale 2010 Support to Dolet 5 for Finale Plug-In|publisher=|accessdate=2017-10-20|archive-date=2018-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909000247/https://www.harmonycentral.com/news/recordare-adds-finale-2010-support-to-dolet-5-for-finale-plug-in|dead-url=no}}</ref>3.1版在2017年12月发布，包含对Standard Music Font Layout （SMuFL）的支持的改进。<ref name="musicxml31">{{cite web |url = https://www.scoringnotes.com/news/working-group-releases-first-musicxml-update/ |title = Working group releases its first MusicXML update |work = ScoringNotes.com |publisher = NYC Music Services |accessdate = 19 December 2017 |archive-date = 2021-05-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210517103257/https://www.scoringnotes.com/news/working-group-releases-first-musicxml-update/ }}</ref>MusicXML DTD和XSD版本都可以通过W3C Community Final Specification Agreement自由发布。<ref name="fsa"/>

==支持==
截止2017年12月，MusicXML被估计得到了超过230个乐谱程序的支持。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/software/ |title = Software |publisher = MusicXML |date = 19 March 2010 |accessdate = 19 December 2017 |archive-date = 2020-11-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201107195846/https://www.musicxml.com/software/ |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://musescore.org/en/handbook/file-format |title = File format |publisher = MuseScore |date = |accessdate = 27 June 2014 |archive-date = 2016-04-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404134156/https://musescore.org/en/handbook/file-format |dead-url = no }}</ref>这些程序包括：
* 大多数乐谱编写程序，包括[[Finale]]、[[Sibelius]]和[[MuseScore]]。
* 大多数音乐OCR程序，包括[[SmartScore]]和PhotoScore。
* 大多数音序程序，包括[[Steinberg Cubase|Cubase]]、[[Logic Pro]]、[[Digital Performer]]和[[Cakewalk Sonar|SONAR]]。
此外，还可以通过使用[[HTML5]] [[canvas元素]]和[[JavaScript]]在[[网页浏览器]]中产生合理的乐曲。<ref>{{cite web |author = |url = http://musicxml-viewer.com |title = HTML5 MusicXML Viewer |publisher = Musicxml-viewer.com |date = 2012-05-15 |accessdate = 2014-06-27 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160403014301/http://www.musicxml-viewer.com/download.html |archivedate = 2016-04-03 |dead-url = no }} 源码可从[https://code.google.com/archive/p/score-library/source/default/commits Google Code] {{Wayback|url=https://code.google.com/archive/p/score-library/source/default/commits |date=20161009200002 }}、[https://github.com/navigator117/score-library Github] {{Wayback|url=https://github.com/navigator117/score-library |date=20180611014630 }}和[https://bitbucket.org/navigator117/score-library Bitbucket] {{Wayback|url=https://bitbucket.org/navigator117/score-library |date=20191018150943 }}获取。</ref>

功能包括[[调号]]、[[拍号]]、[[谱号]]、符杠信息、[[符杆]]的方向、[[圆滑线]]、[[装饰音]]、[[小节]]和书写上的重复。<ref>Juan Pablo Bello, Elaine Chew, Douglas Turnbull (2008) ''ISMIR 2008: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=OHp3sRnZD-oC&pg=PA365 p.365] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OHp3sRnZD-oC&pg=PA365 |date=20140102024257 }}</ref>

== 示例 ==
MusicXML像所有基于XML的格式一样，用于简单的由自动化工具[[语法分析器|分析]]和操纵。即使MusicXML可以通过手工创建，像Finale和MuseScore那样的交互式的乐谱编写软件大大简化了MusicXML文件的读取、编写和修改。

下面是一个C大调，G谱号，4/4拍，包含一个中央C[[全音符]]的例子。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/hello-world/ |title = Hello World: A One-Bar Song with a Whole Note on Middle C in 4/4 time |publisher = Musicxml.com |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 |archive-date = 2020-10-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201019200743/https://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/hello-world/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>
[[File:MusicXML C Whole Note.svg|thumb|right|如果用[[五线谱]]表示就是这样的。]]

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC
"-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 3.1 Partwise//EN"
"http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
<score-partwise version="3.1">
<part-list>
<score-part id="P1">
<part-name>Music</part-name>
</score-part>
</part-list>
<part id="P1">
<measure number="1">
<attributes>
<divisions>1</divisions>
<key>
<fifths>0</fifths>
</key>
<time>
<beats>4</beats>
<beat-type>4</beat-type>
</time>
<clef>
<sign>G</sign>
<line>2</line>
</clef>
</attributes>
<note>
<pitch>
<step>C</step>
<octave>4</octave>
</pitch>
<duration>4</duration>
<type>whole</type>
</note>
</measure>
</part>
</score-partwise></syntaxhighlight>

以上的文字演示是繁杂的，MusicXML v2.0通过[[数据压缩|压缩]]成[[ZIP格式]]并加上<tt>.mxl</tt>后缀的处理使文件体积减小到20分之一。<ref name="zip">{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/faq |title = MusicXML FAQ |work = MusicXML |accessdate = 13 December 2014 |archive-date = 2020-10-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201021001443/https://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/faq/ |dead-url = no }}</ref>

==参考资料==

{{Reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
*[https://www.w3.org/2017/12/musicxml31/ MusicXML Version 3.1 Final Community Group Report]{{Wayback|url=https://www.w3.org/2017/12/musicxml31/ |date=20201018120312 }}
*[https://www.w3.org/community/music-notation/ W3C Music Notation Community Group]{{Wayback|url=https://www.w3.org/community/music-notation/ |date=20201208092832 }}
*MakeMusic上的[http://www.musicxml.com/ 官方网站]{{Wayback|url=http://www.musicxml.com/ |date=20140602012453 }}
*[https://www.soundslice.com/musicxml-viewer/ MusicXML viewer]{{Wayback|url=https://www.soundslice.com/musicxml-viewer/ |date=20200930173402 }}

[[Category:基于XML的标准]]
[[Category:樂譜檔案格式]]
[[Category:音乐标记语言]]
[[Category:W3C标准]]

MusicXML - 版本历史

imported>AromaTake：​調整內部連結+調整排版

imported>AromaTake：調整內部連結+調整排版