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Multics - 版本历史
2026-06-28T04:27:52Z
在这个wiki上该页的修订历史
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<p><b>新页面</b></p><div>{{Expand English|Multics}}<br />
{{noteTA<br />
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{{Infobox OS<br />
| name = Multics<br />
| logo = Multics-logo.svg<br />
| screenshot = DPS8M emulator running Multics screenshot.webp<br />
| caption = <br />
| developer = [[麻省理工学院]], [[通用电气]], [[贝尔实验室]]<br />
| source_model = [[开放源代码]]<br />
| kernel_type = [[宏内核]]<br />
| supported_platforms = {{tsl|en|GE-645|}} mainframes, {{tsl|en|Honeywell 6180|}} series machines<br />
| ui = {{tsl|en|Command line interface|}}<br />
| family = <!-- [[Unix]] ? --><br />
| released = 1969<br />
| marketing_target = <br />
| programmed_in = [[PL/I]],<!--leave "1" as Roman "I" is IBM PL/I--> [[汇编语言]]<ref name=Mpl1>R. A. Freiburghouse, [http://www.multicians.org/pl1-raf.html "The Multics PL/1 Compiler"], General Electric Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1969.</ref><br />
| prog_language = <br />
| language = [[英语]]<br />
| updatemodel = <br />
| package_manager = <br />
| working_state = Mature, Historic<br />
| license = Originally [[proprietary software|proprietary]],<br />Open-source Multics License since 2007<ref>http://opensource.org/licenses/Multics</ref><ref name="myths">[http://www.multicians.org/myths.html#source Myths about Multics: Myth: Multics was closed source]</ref><br />
| website = [http://www.multicians.org Multicians],<br />[http://web.mit.edu/multics-history/source/Multics_Internet_Server/Multics_sources.html Multics Internet Server]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Multics'''，名稱來自於'''多工資訊與計算系統'''（{{langx|en|MULTiplexed Information and Computing System}}）的縮寫，它是一套[[分時多工]][[作業系統]]，是1964年由[[貝爾實驗室]]、[[麻省理工學院]]及[[美国通用电气公司]]所共同參與研發，并安裝在大型主機上。最后一个装有Multics的计算机已于2000年10月30日关闭。通过[[UNIX]]，几乎所有现代操作系统都深受Multics的影响，无论是直接 （[[Linux]], [[OS X]]）或间接（[[Microsoft Windows]]）。<br />
<br />
MULTICS以[[相容分時系統]]（CTSS）做基礎，建置在美國通用電力公司的大型電腦GE-645上。目的是連接1000部終端機，支援300位使用者同時上線。1969年，因MULTICS計畫的工作進度過於緩慢，最後終究遭裁撤的命運，貝爾實驗室由此退出此計畫。當時，[[肯·汤普逊]]正在撰寫一個稱為「[[Space Travel|星際旅行]]」（Space Travel）的遊戲程式。贝尔实验室退出Multics計劃後，由貝爾實驗室的兩位軟體工程師[[肯·汤普逊]]與[[丹尼斯·里奇]]以[[B語言]]和[[組合語言]]為基礎而發展出[[UNIX]]，1973年湯普遜和里奇用[[C語言]]重寫了Unix，成為後來普及的版本。通用电气及麻省理工学院仍继续开发Multics，并最终成为商业产品，由[[霍尼韦尔]]销售。<br />
<br />
== 參考資料 ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== 外部連結 ==<br />
* https://web.archive.org/web/20191030094546/https://www.multicians.org/is a great site with a lot of material<br />
** [http://www.multicians.org/papers.html Multics papers online]{{Wayback|url=http://www.multicians.org/papers.html |date=20191030094546 }}<br />
** [http://www.multicians.org/myths.html Myths]{{Wayback|url=http://www.multicians.org/myths.html |date=20140201142118 }} discusses numerous myths about Multics in some detail, including the myths that it failed, that it was big and slow, and numerous other canards, as well as a few understandable misapprehensions<br />
** [http://www.multicians.org/security.html Multics security]{{Wayback|url=http://www.multicians.org/security.html |date=20140203082221 }}<br />
* [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011130013712/http://www.mit.edu:8001/afs/net/user/srz/www/multics.html Multics repository]<br />
* [ftp://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/multics/multics.html Multics repository at Stratus Computer]{{Wayback|url=ftp://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/multics/multics.html |date=20080709061147 }}<br />
* [http://www.vaxman.de/historic_computers/multics/multics.html Multics at Universitaet Mainz]{{Wayback|url=http://www.vaxman.de/historic_computers/multics/multics.html |date=20130515040840 }}<br />
* [http://web.mit.edu/multics/ Source code archive at MIT]{{Wayback|url=http://web.mit.edu/multics/ |date=20200911135212 }}<br />
* [http://bitsavers.org/pdf/honeywell/multics/ Various scanned Multics manuals]{{Wayback|url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/honeywell/multics/ |date=20110621053748 }}<br />
<br />
[[Category:已停止開發的作業系統]]<br />
[[Category:自由作業系統]]</div>
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