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{{Infobox company
| logo = MikroTik_Logo_(2022).svg{{skin-invert}}
| image = VEF 22-10-2016 (1).jpg
| image_caption = MikroTik位於里加的總部
| industry = [[信息技术]]
| founded = 1996年
| location = [[拉脫維亞]][[里加]]
| key_people = John Tully （[[CEO]]） Arnis Riekstiņš （[[CTO]]）
| products = [[路由器]]、[[防火墙]]、软件
| num_employees = 343（2020年）<ref>{{citation |url = https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.mikrotikls_sia.9361593c51f660c4fd6abcaddab5c37f.html |publisher = Dun & Bradstreet |title = Mikrotikls SIA Company Profile Riga, Latvia Competitors, Financials & Contacts - Dun & Bradstreet |accessdate = 2022-07-25 |archive-date = 2022-07-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220728050819/https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.mikrotikls_sia.9361593c51f660c4fd6abcaddab5c37f.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>
| market_value = 12.4亿[[欧元]]（2021年）<ref name="val">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/ekonomika/mikrotikls-ka-pirmais-privatuznemums-latvija-parsniedzis-miljarda-eiro-vertibu.a431479/|title="Mikrotīkls" kā pirmais privātuzņēmums Latvijā pārsniedzis miljarda eiro vērtību|website=LSM.lv|access-date=2022-07-25|archive-date=2022-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728024647/https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/ekonomika/mikrotikls-ka-pirmais-privatuznemums-latvija-parsniedzis-miljarda-eiro-vertibu.a431479/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| website = {{url|mikrotik.com}}
}}
'''MikroTik'''（正式名称{{lang|lv|SIA "Mikrotīkls"}}）是一家位于[[拉脱维亚]]的公司，主要生产并销售有线及无线[[路由器]]、[[网络交换机]]、[[无线接入点]]等网络设备，同时开发RouterOS[[操作系统]]及相关软件。2021年，公司市值为12.4亿欧元，是拉脱维亚的第三大公司，也是拉脱维亚第一家市值破10亿的[[私人公司]]<ref name="val"/>。

[[File:MikroTIK_hAP_Lite_and_RouterBOARD_750.jpg|right|thumb|两台MikroTik有线路由器]]
[[File:Mikrotik LTE modem over the roof.jpg|thumb|屋顶[[LTE]]天线]]

== 历史 ==
MikroTik于1996年创立于拉脱维亚[[里加]]，最初是一家软件公司。1997年，MikroTik开发了RouterOS操作系统，其基于[[Linux内核]]，可以将一台[[个人电脑]]转变为企业级路由器。2002年起，MikroTik开始生产自己的硬件RouterBOARD<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mikrotik.com/aboutus|publisher=MikroTik|title=MikroTik - About us|access-date=2022-07-25|archive-date=2018-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905172416/https://mikrotik.com/aboutus|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 产品 ==
MikroTik的产品主要包括各种网络设备、不带外壳的RouterBOARD电路板等硬件，以及RouterOS软件。

=== RouterOS ===
RouterOS是基于Linux内核的[[网络操作系统]]，其预装在MikroTik生产的路由器、无线设备以及RouterBOARD上。同时，它也可以安装在[[x86]]平台的个人电脑上，用于将电脑转化为路由器，并实现[[防火墙]]、[[虚拟专用网络]]服务器、[[强制门户]][[网关]]等功能<ref>{{cite web |title=4 Best Linux-Based Router OS That You Can Install Right Now |url=https://dailyiowan.com/2021/12/07/4-best-linux-based-router-os-that-you-can-install-right-now/ |website=The Daily Iowan |accessdate=2022-07-25 |archive-date=2022-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728013517/https://dailyiowan.com/2021/12/07/4-best-linux-based-router-os-that-you-can-install-right-now/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。MikroTik也提供用于[[虚拟机]]和[[云服务]]的RouterOS镜像，其被称为云托管路由器（{{lang|en|Cloud Hosted Router}}）。

== 相关漏洞 ==
2018年3月，[[卡巴斯基实验室]]称发现了一种被称为Slingshot的恶意软件，其名称是从代码样本中的关键字而来。恶意软件通过感染MikroTik路由器在网络中传播，最终感染连接至路由器的[[网络管理员]]之计算机<ref>{{cite news |author1=Lindsey O'Donnell |title=Cyber Espionage Campaign ‘Slingshot’ Targets Victims Via Routers |url=https://threatpost.com/cyber-espionage-campaign-slingshot-targets-victims-via-routers/130348/ |work=threatpost |date=2018-03-10 |accessdate=2022-07-25 |archive-date=2022-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728014853/https://threatpost.com/cyber-espionage-campaign-slingshot-targets-victims-via-routers/130348/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。这一攻击被认为是一次[[高级长期威胁|APT]]攻击<ref>{{cite news |author1=Dan Goodin |title=Potent malware that hid for six years spread through routers |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/03/potent-malware-that-hid-for-six-years-spread-through-routers/ |accessdate=2022-07-25 |work=Ars Technica |date=2018-03-10 |archive-date=2022-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728064835/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/03/potent-malware-that-hid-for-six-years-spread-through-routers/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2018年5月，[[Cisco]] Talos威胁情报研究团队发布报告，称部分MikroTik设备存在漏洞，容易受到[[VPNFilter]]恶意软件的攻击。<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-05-23|title=New VPNFilter malware targets at least 500K networking devices worldwide|publisher=Talos Threat Source Newsletter|url=https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/VPNFilter.html|accessdate=2022-07-25|archive-date=2021-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216225058/https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/VPNFilter.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Lucero II|first=Louis|date=2018-05-27|title=F.B.I.'s Urgent Request: Reboot Your Router to Stop Russia-Linked Malware|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/27/technology/router-fbi-reboot-malware.html|accessdate=2022-07-25|archive-date=2022-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727224023/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/27/technology/router-fbi-reboot-malware.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Godin|first1=Dan|date=2018-05-23|title=Hackers infect 500,000 consumer routers all over the world with malware|publisher=Ars Technica|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/05/hackers-infect-500000-consumer-routers-all-over-the-world-with-malware/|accessdate=2019-04-21|archive-date=2018-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620212220/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/05/hackers-infect-500000-consumer-routers-all-over-the-world-with-malware/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2018年8月，MikroTik路由器被发现遭到[[骑劫挖矿|恶意挖矿软件]]的入侵。这一攻击主要针对[[巴西]]，一款名为Coinhive的[[JavaScript|JavaScript]]脚本被嵌入至网页中，使被入侵的设备为攻击者挖掘[[门罗币]]<ref>{{cite news |author1=Tara Seals |title=Huge Cryptomining Attack on ISP-Grade Routers Spreads Globally |url=https://threatpost.com/huge-cryptomining-attack-on-isp-grade-routers-spreads-globally/134667/ |accessdate=2022-07-25 |work=threatpost |date=2018-08-02 |archive-date=2022-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728072023/https://threatpost.com/huge-cryptomining-attack-on-isp-grade-routers-spreads-globally/134667/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nichols |first1=Shaun |date=2018-08-03 |title=MikroTik routers grab their pickaxes, descend into the crypto mines |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/08/03/mikrotik_routers_cryptocurrency/ |website=The Register |publisher=The Register |accessdate=2019-04-21 |archive-date=2019-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215201416/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/08/03/mikrotik_routers_cryptocurrency/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2021年6月，Qrator实验室发现了一个名为Meris（{{langx|lv|Mēris}}）的[[僵尸网络]]，其利用存在漏洞的MikroTik设备使用[[HTTP流水线]]进行[[DDOS|DDoS攻击]]<ref>{{cite news |author1=Qrator |title=Mēris botnet, climbing to the record |url=https://blog.qrator.net/en/meris-botnet-climbing-to-the-record_142/ |accessdate=2022-07-25 |work=Qrator Labs |date=2021-09-09 |archive-date=2022-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704233655/https://blog.qrator.net/en/meris-botnet-climbing-to-the-record_142/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。受此影响，俄罗斯搜索引擎[[Yandex]]称在8月29日至9月5日期间受到了攻击，请求量在9月5日达到最高的每秒2180万次，被称为是互联网历史上已知规模最大的DDoS攻击<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alexander Marrow |author2=Gleb Stolyarov |title=Russia's Yandex says it repelled biggest DDoS attack in history |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/russias-yandex-says-it-repelled-biggest-ddos-attack-history-2021-09-09/ |accessdate=2022-07-25 |agency=Reuters |date=2021-09-09 |archive-date=2022-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728065359/https://www.reuters.com/technology/russias-yandex-says-it-repelled-biggest-ddos-attack-history-2021-09-09/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:拉脱维亚公司]]
[[Category:電信設備公司]]
[[Category:1996年成立的公司]]

MikroTik - 版本历史

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