imported>Hikaru Genji 来自 2025年3月21日 (五) 09:01

2025-03-21T09:01:20Z

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{{Galaxybox begin
| name=[[梅西耶天體|M]] 88{{Galaxybox image
| image = [[Image:M88HunterWilson.jpg|250px]]
| caption=螺旋星系 M88
}}
}}
{{Galaxybox observe
| epoch=[[J2000]]
| constell=[[后髮座]]
| ra={{RA|12|31|59.2}}<ref name="ned">{{cite web
| title=Results for NGC 4501
| work=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=Messier+88&img_stamp=yes
| publisher=California Institute of Technology
| accessdate=2006-11-14
| archive-date=2013-06-25
| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HdKpo64D?url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=Messier+88
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>
| dec={{DEC|+14|25|14}}<ref name="ned" />
| appdim_v={{nowrap|6.9 × 3.7 [[角分]]}}<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v=10.4<ref name="ned" />
}}
{{Galaxybox character
| g_type=SA(rs)b, [[Seyfert galaxy|H<sub>II</sub> Sy2]]<ref name="ned" />
}}
{{Galaxybox astrometry
| h_radial_v=2281
| hrv_err=3<ref name="ned" />
| z=0.007609
| z_err=0.000010<ref name="ned"/>
| gal_v=2235
| gv_err=4
| g_dist=47
| dist_err=8
}}
{{Galaxybox catalog
| names=[[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 4501, [[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 7675, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 41517, VCC 1401<ref name="ned" />
}}

{{Galaxybox end}}

'''M88'''（也稱為'''梅西耶88'''或'''NGC 4501'''）是一個距離[[太陽]]5,000萬至6,000萬[[光年]]的一個[[螺旋星系]]<ref name="Messier 88 (NGC 4501)">{{cite web|url=http://www.perezmedia.net/beltofvenus/archives/001348.html|title=Object Information|date=20 September 2009|accessdate=26 December 2012|archive-date=2020-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113091003/http://www.perezmedia.net/beltofvenus/archives/001348.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Astronomy Picture of the Day">{{cite web|url=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100130.html|title=Explanation|date=30 January 2010|accessdate=26 December 2012|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203649/http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100130.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="AstroPixels.com">{{cite web|url=http://astropixels.com/galaxies/M88-01.html|title=M88|date=29 June 2011|accessdate=26 December 2012|archive-date=2013-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106074454/http://astropixels.com/galaxies/M88-01.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。它位於[[星座]]的[[后髮座]]，在1781年就被[[查尔斯·梅西耶|梅西耶]]發現。

== 性質 ==
[[Image:m88s.jpg|thumb|size=300px|left|以檸檬山24英吋望遠鏡看見的M88。]]

M88是屬於[[室女座星系團]]的15個[[梅西耶天體]]之一。在室女座星系團的目錄中，它在2096個星系中的序號是1401號<ref>
{{cite journal
| author=Binggeli, B. | author2=Sandage, A. | author3=Tammann, G. A.
| date=1985
| title=Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II – A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area
| journal=[[Astronomical Journal]]
| volume=90 | pages=1681–1759
| doi=10.1086/113874
| bibcode=1985AJ.....90.1681B
}}</ref>。M88可能有個高度橢圓的軌道，正將它帶往星系團的中心，佔據在中心的是巨大的[[橢圓星系]][[M87]]。M88目前距離中心30萬至48萬秒差距，大約再過2億至3億年會最接近核心。M88穿越室女座星系團中星際物質的運動會創造出撞擊的壓力，剝離星系外圍的中性氫氣體。這種剝離現象已經在M88的西部，星系前進方向的前緣，被檢測到<ref>
{{cite journal
| author=Vollmer, B.
| date=2008
| title=Pre-peak ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster spiral galaxy NGC 4501
| journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
| volume=483 | issue=1 | pages=89–106
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078139
| bibcode=2008A&A...483...89V
| display-authors=1
| last2=Soida
| first2=M.
| last3=Chung
| first3=A.
| last4=Van Gorkom
| first4=J. H.
| last5=Otmianowska-Mazur
| first5=K.
| last6=Beck
| first6=R.
| last7=Urbanik
| first7=M.
| last8=Kenney
| first8=J. D. P.
|arxiv = 0801.4874 }}</ref>。

[[Image:NGC 4501.png|thumb|left|[[哈伯太空望遠鏡]]拍攝的M88。]]

這個星系與我們的視線方向傾斜64°<ref>
{{cite journal
| author=Tully, R. B. | author2=Fisher, J. R.
| date=1977
| title=A new method of determining distances to galaxies
| journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
| volume=54 | issue=3 | pages=661–673
| bibcode=1977A&A....54..661T
}}</ref>。它的分類型態是Sbc，介於Sb與Sc之間，是在中度擠壓和低度擠壓中間的狀態。螺旋臂的結構很有規律，可以追尋到星系的核心<ref>
{{cite journal
| author=Möllenhoff, C. | author2=Heidt, J.
| date=2001
| title=Surface photometry of spiral galaxies in NIR: Structural parameters of disks and bulges
| journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
| volume=368
| issue=1 | pages=16–37
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000335
| bibcode=2001A&A...368...16M
}}</ref>。氣體旋轉的最大速度是241.6 ± 4.5 km/s<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/
| title=Database for physics of galaxies
| work=HyperLeda
| publisher=[[Université de Lyon]]
| accessdate=2009-09-16
| archive-date=2019-10-27
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027080149/http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/
| dead-url=no
}}</ref>。

M88也被分類為[[西佛星系]]的西佛2型，這意味著在它的核心氣體是高度[[電離]]，會發射窄頻[[譜線]]<ref>
{{cite book
| author=L. S. Sparke | author2=J. S. Gallagher III
| date=2007
| title=Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction
| publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]
| isbn=978-0-521-67186-6
}}</ref>。它的核心是向中央凝聚的區域，直徑有230秒差距，有兩個凝聚的峰值，這是螺旋臂匯入核心的區域<ref>
{{cite book
| author=Onodera, S. | author2=Sofue, Y. | author3=Koda, J. | author4=Nakanishi, H. | author5=Kohno, K.
| date=2002
| chapter=CO (J=1-0) Observations of the Non-Barred Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 4501
| editor=Ikeuchi, S. | editor2=Hearnshaw, J. | editor3=Hanawa, T.
| title=Proceedings of the IAU 8th Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting
| bibcode=2002aprm.conf..199O
}}</ref>。在星系核心的[[超大質量黑洞]]質量約為10<sup>7.9</sup>[[太陽質量]]，或是8,000萬倍[[太陽]]的質量<ref>
{{cite journal
| author=Merloni, Andrea | author2=Heinz, Sebastian | author3=di Matteo, Tiziana
| date=2003
| title=A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity
| journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume=345 | issue=4 | pages=1057–1076
| doi=10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x
|arxiv = astro-ph/0305261 |bibcode = 2003MNRAS.345.1057M }}</ref>。

1999年，在這個星系中發現[[超新星]] 1999cl<ref>
{{cite journal
| last=James | first=N. D.
| date=1999
| title=Supernova 1999cl in NGC 4501 (M88)
| journal=[[Journal of the British Astronomical Association]]
| volume=109 | issue=4 | pages=178
| bibcode=1999JBAA..109..178J
}}</ref>。

== 相關條目 ==
{{Commons}}
* [[M98]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== 外部連結 ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://messier.seds.org/m/m088.html Spiral Galaxy M88 @ SEDS Messier pages] {{Wayback|url=http://messier.seds.org/m/m088.html |date=20150318121258 }}
* {{WikiSky}}

{{Sky|12|31|59.2|+|14|25|14|47800000}}

{{梅西耶天体}}
{{Ngc50}}
{{List of Seyfert galaxies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Messier 088}}
[[Category:螺旋星系]]
[[Category:無棒螺旋星系]]
[[Category:室女座星系團]]
[[Category:后髮座]]
[[Category:梅西耶天體|088]]
[[Category:NGC天體]]
[[Category:UGC天體|07675]]
[[Category:PGC天體|41517]]
[[Category:1781年發現的天體]]

M88 - 版本历史

imported>Hikaru Genji 来自 2025年3月21日 (五) 09:01