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{{Infobox galaxy
| name = M60-UCD1
| image = M60-UCD1 by HST.jpg
| image_size =
| upright = 1.2
| caption = [[哈伯太空望遠鏡|HST]]拍攝的M60-UCD1照片。]]
| credit = NASA、ESA、CXC、和J. Strader (密西根州立大學)
| alt = 
| epoch = [[J2000|J2000.0]]
| constellation name = [[室女座]]
| ra = {{Deg2HMS|190.8999|sup=yes}}<ref name="Strader2013">{{cite journal
| author=Strader, J.
| display-authors=etal
| date=2013
| title=The Densest Galaxy
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=775
| pages=L6
| bibcode=2013ApJ...775L...6S
| arxiv=1307.7707
| doi=10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6}}</ref>
| dec = {{Deg2DMS|11.5347|sup=yes}}<ref name="Strader2013" />
| z = {{val|0.004263|0.0}}<ref name="ned" />
| h_radial_v = {{val|1278|0|fmt=commas|ul=km/s}}<ref name="ned" />
| gal_v = {{val|1229|2|fmt=commas|ul=km/s}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = {{cvt|14.9|+/-|1.0|Mpc|Mly|sigfig=4|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}{{hub|0.6774}}<br />{{small|(''Comoving'')}}<ref name=ned>{{cite web |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=ESO+97-G13&extend=no&hconst=67.74&omegam=0.3089&omegav=0.6911&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES |title=Detailed Information for Object ESO 97-G13 |work=[[NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database]] |access-date=September 16, 2023}}</ref>
| group_cluster = {{link-en|M60星系群|M60 Group}}
| type =
| mass = {{Val|2.0|0.3|e=8}} {{small|(''dynamical mass'')}}<ref name="Strader2013" />
| mass_light_ratio = 
| size = {{cvt|48.4|+/-|1.0|pc|ly|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on|disp=x|<br />(|)|order=flip}}<br/>{{small|(''[[Galaxy effective radius|Half-light diameter]]'')}}<ref name="Strader2013" />
| stars = 
| appmag_v = 14.2<ref name="Strader2013" />
| appmag_b = 
| absmag_v = 
| size_v =
| half_light_radius_pc = {{cvt|24.2|+/-|0.5|pc|ly|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}<ref name="Strader2013" />
| half_light_radius_arcminsec = 
| h1_scale_length_pc = 
| h1_scale_length_arcminsec = 
| xray_radius_pc = 
| xray_radius_arcminsec = 
| notes =
| names = {{odlist | name=M60-UCD1 | SDSS=J124335.96+113204.6 }}<ref name=simbad/>
| references = <ref name=simbad>{{cite simbad|title= NAME M60-UCD1 |accessdate=2021-02-19}}</ref>
}}

'''M60-UCD1'''是距離地球4,900萬[[光年]]，接近[[室女座星系團]]中的[[M60|梅西耶60]]（M60，[[NGC 4649]]）的一個{{link-en|超緊緻矮星系|Dwarf galaxy #ultracompact dwarf galaxy}}。它一半的恆星質量在直徑160光年的中心球體內<ref>{{cite web |title= Astronomers Discover Densest Galaxy Ever |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924141701.htm |publisher= [[ScienceDaily]] |access-date= 26 September 2013 |archive-date= 2018-06-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180621194026/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924141701.htm |dead-url= no }}</ref>。

== 特點 ==
[[File:Artist’s concept of supermassive black hole within M60-UCD1.tif|thumb|left|藝術家概念下對M60-UCD1內超大質量黑洞的描繪<ref>{{cite web|title=Big surprises can come in small packages|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1419/|website=www.spacetelescope.org|publisher=ESA/Hubble|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref>。]]

M60-UCD1的動力學質量為{{val|200|30}} million [[太陽質量]]（{{solar mass|link=y}}）<ref name="Strader2013" />，顏色和顏色梯度的缺乏表明大約 {{val|14.5|0.5|u=billion years old}}（從[[宇宙]]年齡就可分辨的）<ref name="Strader2013" /><ref name="Seth2014">{{cite journal
| author=Seth, A.
| display-authors=etal
| date=2014
| title=A Supermassive Black Hole in an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy
| journal=Nature
| volume=513
| pages=398–400
| bibcode=2014Natur.513..398S
| arxiv=1409.4769
| doi=10.1038/nature13762}}</ref>。它們的[[金屬量]]和[[太陽]]相似，由於稠密質量濃度的重力，最內側恆星的軌道速度瀰散度超過100km/s<ref name="Seth2014" />。星系核包含明亮而多變的{{link-en|天文物理X射線源|Astrophysical X-ray source}}<ref name="Strader2013" />，可能是一個質量為{{ solar mass|2000萬}}（整個星系動力學質量的10%）的[[超大質量黑洞]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/m60-dense-galaxy.html |title= M60-UCD1: An Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxy |publisher= [[NASA]] |access-date= 25 September 2013 |archive-date= 2015-07-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150719094503/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/m60-dense-galaxy.html |dead-url= no }}</ref>。根據黑洞質量與整個星系質量的比例，它是已知的以黑洞為主的星系之一<ref name=ScienceDaily-2014-09-17/>。

M60-UCD1被認為是一個質量大得多的星系被剝離的核心，該星系的其餘質量在大約100億年前與M60相遇時被剝離。它可能會被M60完全吸收，它的中心黑洞也會與M60融合。這個星系可能曾經擁有大約100億顆恒星<ref name=ScienceDaily-2014-09-17>{{cite news |publisher= [[ScienceNews]] |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917131625.htm |title= Smallest known galaxy with a supermassive black hole |date= 17 September 2014 |accessdate= 2021-02-07 |archive-date= 2018-06-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180621170828/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917131625.htm |dead-url= no }}</ref>。

截至2013年，它可能是已知密度最大的[[星系]]，每立方光年有100多顆恆星<ref>{{cite web |url= http://phys.org/news/2013-09-evidence-densest-galaxy-nearby-universe.html |title= Evidence for densest galaxy in nearby universe |publisher= [[Phys.org]] |date= 24 September 2013 |access-date= 25 September 2013 |archive-date= 2013-09-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130927073257/http://phys.org/news/2013-09-evidence-densest-galaxy-nearby-universe.html |dead-url= no }}</ref>。截至2014年，它是眾多已知擁有[[黑洞|中心黑洞]]的體積最小、質量最小的星系。它以前被認為是已知質量最大的超緊緻矮星系It was previously known as the most massive ultracompact dwarf galaxy known.<ref name=ScienceDaily-2014-09-17/>

== 相關條目 ==
* {{link-en|M85-HCC1}}：截至2015年，已知密度最大的星系。.

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}

== 進階讀物 ==
* Seth, Anil; van den Bosch, Remco; Mieske, Steffen; Baumgardt, Holger; den Brok, Mark; Strader, Jay; Neumayer, Nadine; Chilingarian, Igor; Hilker, Michael; McDermid, Richard; Brodie, Jean; Frank, Matthias; Walsh, Jonelle L.; "A Supermassive Black Hole in an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy", ''Nature'', 513, pages 398–400, 18 September 2014; {{doi|10.1038/nature13762}}; {{arXiv|1409.4769}}; {{bibcode|2014arXiv1409.4769S}}

== 外部連結 ==
* Chandra X-Ray Observatory, [http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/13_releases/press_092413.html "NASA's Hubble and Chandra Find Evidence for Densest Nearby Galaxy"] {{Wayback|url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/13_releases/press_092413.html |date=20131123055144 }}, NASA, 24 September 2013
* ScienceDaily, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924141659.htm "Evidence for Densest Nearby Galaxy"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924141659.htm |date=20231117042326 }}, 24 September 2013
* ScienceDaily, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924141701.htm "Astronomers Discover Densest Galaxy Ever"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130924141701.htm |date=20180621194026 }}, 24 September 2013
*{{APOD |date=October 4, 2013|title=The Densest Galaxy}}

{{星系}}
{{室女座}}
{{2013 in space}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:M60-UCD1}}
[[Category:2013年發現的天體|20130924]]
[[Category:矮星系]]
[[Category:室女座]]
[[Category:室女座星系團]]

M60-UCD1 - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​补救7个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

imported>InternetArchiveBot：补救7个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5