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{{NOT|新巴M49線}}
{{Galaxybox begin
| name = [[梅西耶天體|M49]]
}}
{{Galaxybox image
| image = [[Image:Messier 49 Hubble WikiSky.jpg|250px|center]]
| caption = [[哈伯太空望遠鏡]]在2009年9月14日拍攝的M49。}}
{{Galaxybox observe| epoch = [[J2000.0|J2000]]
| constell = [[室女座]]
| ra = {{RA|12|29|46.7}}<ref name="ned"/>
| dec = {{DEC|+08|00|02}}<ref name="ned" />
| appdim_v = 10.2 × 8.3 [[角分]]<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v = 9.4<ref name="ned" />
}}
{{Galaxybox character
| g_type = E2,<ref name="ned" /> [[LINER]]<ref name="ned" />
}}
{{Galaxybox astrometry
| h_radial_v = 997
| hrv_err = 7<ref name="ned" />
| z = 0.003326
| z_err = 0.000022<ref name="ned" />
| gal_v = 929
| gv_err = 7<ref name="ned" />
| g_dist = 55.9
| dist_err = 2.3
}}
{{Galaxybox catalog
| names = [[NGC天體表|NGC]] 4472<ref name="ned" />、[[乌普萨拉总目录|UGC]] 7629<ref name="ned" />、[[主要星系目錄|PGC]] 41220<ref name="ned" />、[[特殊星系圖集|Arp]] 134<ref name="ned" />
}}

{{Galaxybox end}}

'''M 49'''，也稱為'''梅西耶49'''或'''NGC 4472'''，是一個巨大的[[橢圓星系]]，位置在[[天球赤道|赤道]][[星座]][[室女座]]內，距離地球約5,600萬[[光年]]。這個星系是天文學家[[梅西耶]]在1777年發現的{{efn|On February 16}}。

做為一個橢圓星系，M49還有[[電波星系]]的物理形態，但它只有正常星系的電波發射。從檢測到的電波發射情況來看，核心區域大約為1053 爾格(1046 [[焦耳|J]]或1022 YJ)的同步加速能量<ref name=aaa67_1_47/>。這個星系的[[活躍星系核|核心]]正在發射X射線，這表明核心可能有一個[[超大質量黑洞]]，估計質量為{{nowrap|5.65 × 108 [[太陽質量]]}}(或太陽質量的5.65億倍)<ref name=apj555_1_L21/>{{efn|在太陽系外天文學的一般維度上，這些都是中等程度的估計}}，X射線的發射顯示M49的北側有一個[[弓形震波]]的結構。在核心的西南方向，星系發光的輪廓可以追溯到26萬[[秒差距]]的距離<ref name=apj471_683/>。在它內部唯一的[[超新星]]是[[SN 1969Q]]<ref name="nedsupernovae"/>，這是在1969年發現的<ref name="barbonetal1984"/>{{efn|In June}}。

這個星系擁有許多[[球狀星團]]：估計大約有5,900個。這遠遠超過圍繞[[銀河系]]運行的大約200個，但相較於圍繞著超巨型橢圓星系[[M87]]運行的13,450個仍相形見拙。平均而言，M49的球狀星團大約有100億年的歷史<ref name=apj592_2_866/>。在2000年至2009年間，發現在這個星系中有[[恆星質量黑洞]]的強烈證據。在2011年又宣告有第二個候選者<ref name=mnras410_3_1655/>。

M 49是第一個被發現[[室女座星系團]]的成員<ref name=thompson2007/>。它是這個星系團中最明亮的一員，也比任何一個離地球更近的星系更明亮。這個星系屬於星系團中較小的[[室女座星系團#特徵|室女座B]][[星系團|子集團]]，距離以[[M87]]為中心的室女座星系團動力學中心4.5°<ref name=apj592_2_866/><ref name="carnegieatlas" />。M49與[[矮星系]]，[[不規則星系]][[UGC 7636]]，有相互的引力作用<ref name=apj471_683/>。矮星系顯示的碎片軌跡跨越大約1 × 5 弧分，相當於{{nowrap|6 × 30 kpc}}的實際尺寸<ref name=aj108_3_844/>。

== 參考資料和註解 ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="ned">{{citation | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database | work=Results for NGC 4472 | url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=Messier+49&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES | access-date=2006-09-26 | postscript=. | archive-date=2021-05-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526155518/http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=Messier+49&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name=thompson2007>{{citation | first1=Robert Bruce | last1=Thompson | first2=Barbara Fritchman | last2=Thompson | title=Illustrated guide to astronomical wonders | series=DIY science | publisher=[[O'Reilly Media, Inc.]] | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-596-52685-6 | page=492 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymt9nj_uPhwC&pg=PA492 | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name="nedsupernovae">{{citation | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database | work=Results for supernova search near name "NGC 4472" | url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ | access-date=2007-02-12 | postscript=. | archive-date=2011-05-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514100451/http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="carnegieatlas">{{citation | first1=A. | last1=Sandage | first2=J. | last2=Bedke | date=1994 | title=Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies | publisher=[[Carnegie Institution of Washington]] | isbn=978-0-87279-667-6 | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=apj592_2_866>{{citation | last1=Cohen | first1=Judith G. | last2=Blakeslee | first2=J. P. | last3=Côté | first3=P. | title=The Ages and Abundances of a Sample of Globular Clusters in M49 (NGC 4472) | journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=592 | issue=2 | pages=866–883 |date=August 2003 | doi=10.1086/375865 | bibcode=2003ApJ...592..866C | postscript=. |arxiv = astro-ph/0304333 | s2cid=118909977 }}</ref>

<ref name="barbonetal1984">{{citation | display-authors=1 | first1=R. | last1=Barbon | first2=E. | last2=Cappellaro | first3=F. | last3=Ciatti | first4=M. | last4=Turatto | first5=C. T. | last5=Kowal | date=1984 | title=A revised supernova catalogue | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=58 | pages=735–750 | bibcode=1984A&AS...58..735B | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=mnras410_3_1655>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Maccarone | first1=Thomas J. | last2=Kundu | first2=Arunav | last3=Zepf | first3=Stephen E. | last4=Rhode | first4=Katherine L. | title=A new globular cluster black hole in NGC 4472 | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=410 | issue=3 | pages=1655–1659 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17547.x | bibcode=2011MNRAS.410.1655M | postscript=. |arxiv = 1008.2896 | s2cid=119089679 }}</ref>

<ref name=apj471_683>{{citation | last1=Irwin | first1=Jimmy A. | last2=Sarazin | first2=Craig L. | title=X-Ray Evidence for the Interaction of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4472 with Its Virgo Cluster Environment | journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=471 | issue=2 | page=683 |date=November 1996 | doi=10.1086/177998 | bibcode=1996ApJ...471..683I | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa67_1_47>{{citation | last1=Ekers | first1=R. D. | last2=Kotanyi | first2=C. G. | title=NGC 4472 – A very weak radio galaxy | journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] | volume=67 | issue=1 | pages=47–50 |date=June 1978 | bibcode=1978A&A....67...47E | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=aj108_3_844>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=McNamara | first1=Brian R. | last2=Sancisi | first2=Renzo | last3=Henning | first3=Patricia A. | last4=Junor | first4=William | title=A violent interaction between the dwarf galaxy UGC 7636 and the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4472 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=108 | issue=3 | pages=844–850 |date=September 1994 | doi=10.1086/117116 | bibcode=1994AJ....108..844M | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=apj555_1_L21>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Loewenstein | first1=Michael | last2=Mushotzky | first2=Richard F. | last3=Angelini | first3=Lorella | last4=Arnaud | first4=Keith A. | last5=Quataert | first5=Eliot | title=Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies | journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=555 | issue=1 | pages=L21–L24 | date=July 2001 | doi=10.1086/323157 | bibcode=2001ApJ...555L..21L | postscript=. | arxiv=astro-ph/0106326 | s2cid=14873290 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235686 | accessdate=2021-03-20 | archive-date=2021-05-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526155419/https://zenodo.org/record/1235686 | dead-url=no }}</ref>

}}
{{notelist}}
== 外部連結 ==
* {{commonscat-inline}}
* [http://messier.seds.org/m/m049.html SEDS: Elliptical Galaxy M49] {{Wayback|url=http://messier.seds.org/m/m049.html |date=20150218013737 }}
* [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16456987 Black hole found in a star cluster in M49] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16456987 |date=20200923220523 }}
* {{WikiSky}}

{{Virgo}}
{{梅西耶天體}}
{{Ngc45}}
{{Sky|12|29|46.7|+|08|00|02|49400000}}

[[Category:橢圓星系|M049]]
[[Category:室女座星系團|M049]]
[[Category:室女座|M049]]
[[Category:梅西耶天體|049]]
[[Category:NGC天體|Messier 049]]
[[Category:UGC天體|07629]]
[[Category:PGC天體|41220]]
[[Category:阿普天體|134]]
[[Category:1771年發現的天體|17710219]]

M49 - 版本历史

imported>Adachan06：​修正失效錨點

imported>Adachan06：修正失效錨點