imported>Jimmy-bot：机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:O-型巨星→Cat:O型巨星）

2024-06-25T08:58:30Z

机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:O-型巨星→Cat:O型巨星）

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{{Starbox begin
| name = M33 X-7
}}
{{Starbox image
|image=[[File:M33 X-7.jpg|250px]]
|caption= 藝術家認知下的M33 X-7
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]
| constell = [[三角座]]
| ra = {{RA|01|33|34.13}}<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite simbad
| title=M33 X-7
| access-date=4 December 2016}}</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|+30|32|11.3}}<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
| appmag_v = +18.70<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = O7-8III / [[黑洞]]<ref name=Valsecchi/>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| dist_ly = {{val|2700000|70000}}
| dist_pc = {{val|840000|20000}}<ref name=Valsecchi/>
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| reference = <ref name=Valsecchi/>
| period_unitless = 3.45301 ± 0.00002 d
| axis_unitless = {{solar radius|42.4 ± 1.5}}
| eccentricity = 0.0185 ± 0.0077
| inclination = 74.6 ± 1.0
}}
{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name=Valsecchi>{{cite conference|doi=10.1063/1.3536386|url=http://www.tassosfragos.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1.3536386.pdf|arxiv=1010.4742|title=The Intriguing Evolutionary History of the Massive Black Hole X-ray Binary M33 X-7|series=AIP Conference Proceedings|year=2010|last1=Valsecchi|first1=Francesca|last2=Glebbeek|first2=Evert|last3=Farr|first3=Will M.|last4=Fragos|first4=Tassos|last5=Willems|first5=Bart|last6=Orosz|first6=Jerome A.|last7=Liu|first7=Jifeng|last8=Kalogera|first8=Vassiliki|last9=Kologera|first9=Vicky|last10=Van Der Sluys|first10=Marc|conference=International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65Th Birthday|volume=1314|pages=285–290|bibcode=2010AIPC.1314..285V|s2cid=119301068|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-date=2021-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218173847/http://www.tassosfragos.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1.3536386.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| component1 = O-型恆星
| mass = 70 ± 6.9
| temperature = 35000 ± 1000
| component2 = 黑洞
| mass2 = 15.65 ± 1.45
| radius2 = approx. 0,0000661205
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = 2E 408、2E 0130.7+3016、RX J0133.5+3032、CXOU J013334.1+303210
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = NAME+M33+X-7
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''M33 X-7'''是[[三角座星系]]中的一顆[[恆星]]與[[黑洞]]組成的[[聯星]]系統，即該系統由一顆[[恆星質量黑洞]]和一顆恆星的伴星組成。估計在M33 X-7中的黑洞質量是[[太陽]]的15.65倍（{{Solar mass|link=y}}）<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/07-112.html| title = NASA - Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered in Nearby Galaxy| access-date = 2010-10-24| archive-date = 2012-10-23| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023015622/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/07-112.html| dead-url = yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7320/abs/nature09463.html|doi = 10.1038/nature09463|title = Formation of the black-hole binary M33 X-7 through mass exchange in a tight massive system|year = 2010|last1 = Valsecchi|first1 = Francesca|last2 = Glebbeek|first2 = Evert|last3 = Farr|first3 = Will M.|last4 = Fragos|first4 = Tassos|last5 = Willems|first5 = Bart|last6 = Orosz|first6 = Jerome A.|last7 = Liu|first7 = Jifeng|last8 = Kalogera|first8 = Vassiliki|journal = Nature|volume = 468|issue = 7320|pages = 77–79|pmid = 20962778|arxiv = 1010.4809|bibcode = 2010Natur.468...77V|s2cid = 4353636|access-date = 2023-10-08|archive-date = 2015-02-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150202221643/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7320/abs/nature09463.html|dead-url = no}}</ref>（[[天鹅座X-1]]以前是已知最大的恆星黑洞，然而現在已經被電磁觀測到的黑洞所取代，不只是因為估計質量增加了<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Miller-Jones |first1=James C. A. |last2=Bahramian |first2=Arash |last3=Orosz |first3=Jerome A. |last4=Mandel |first4=Ilya |last5=Gou |first5=Lijun |last6=Maccarone |first6=Thomas J. |last7=Neijssel |first7=Coenraad J. |last8=Zhao |first8=Xueshan |last9=Ziółkowski |first9=Janusz |last10=Reid |first10=Mark J. |last11=Uttley |first11=Phil |date=2021-03-01 |title=Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Sci...371.1046M |journal=Science |volume=371 |issue=6533 |pages=1046–1049 |doi=10.1126/science.abb3363 |pmid=33602863 |arxiv=2102.09091 |bibcode=2021Sci...371.1046M |s2cid=231951746 |issn=0036-8075 |access-date=2023-10-08 |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416120720/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Sci...371.1046M |dead-url=no }}</ref>，還有許多[[LIGO科學合作組織|LVK]]探測到的黑洞聯星成員<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=The LIGO Scientific Collaboration |last2=the Virgo Collaboration |last3=the KAGRA Collaboration |last4=Abbott |first4=R. |last5=Abbott |first5=T. D. |last6=Acernese |first6=F. |last7=Ackley |first7=K. |last8=Adams |first8=C. |last9=Adhikari |first9=N. |last10=Adhikari |first10=R. X. |last11=Adya |first11=V. B. |date=2021-11-01 |title=GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run |arxiv=2111.03606 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv211103606T |access-date=2023-10-08 |archive-date=2023-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102031915/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv211103606T |dead-url=no }}</ref>）。據估計，該系統的總質量約為{{Solar mass|85.7}}，這將使其成為質量最大的恆星黑洞聯星系統。黑洞正在吞噬它的夥伴：一顆70太陽質量的藍巨星。

==位置==

M33 X-7位於距離[[銀河系]]約300萬[[光年]]的[[三角座星系]]內。這使M33 X-7成為已知最遠的恆星質量黑洞之一<ref name="Chandra.Harvard.edu">{{cite web |date=October 17, 2007 |title=Heaviest Stellar mass Black Hole Discovered in Nearby Galaxy |url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/07_releases/press_101707.html |accessdate=September 28, 2012 |publisher=Chandra.Harvard.edu |archive-date=2019-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803032621/http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/07_releases/press_101707.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==系统==
M33 X-7圍繞一顆伴星運行，該伴星每3.45天就會使黑洞黯然失色。這顆伴星的質量異常的大，為{{Solar mass|70}}。這使它成為包含黑洞的聯星系統中質量最大的伴星<ref name="Chandra.Harvard.edu"/>。

==观测资料==
美國國家航空航太暨太空總署的[[錢德拉X射線天文台]]和夏威夷毛納基亞的[[雙子星天文台|雙子望遠鏡]]組成聯合研究這個黑洞的團隊。

M33 X-7聯星系統的性質很難用傳統的大質量恆星演化模型來解釋。黑洞的母恆星的質量必須大於現有伴星，才能比伴星更早形成黑洞。這樣一顆大質量的恆星半徑會比現時恆星之間的距離大，所以這些恆星一定是在共享共同的外層大氣的同時被拉近了距離。這一過程通常會導致系統損失大量質量，以至於母恆星本不應該形成{{太陽質量|15.7}}的黑洞。
<gallery>
File:M33 X-7 Composite.jpg|M33 X-7合成影像
File:M33 X-7 Optical.jpg|M33 X-7 的光學影像
File:M33 X-7 X-ray.jpg|M33 X-7的[[X-射線]]影像
File:M33x7 xray bright.jpg|M33 X-7
</gallery>
在形成黑洞的新模型中，將形成黑洞的恆星質量幾乎是太陽的100倍，質量約為{{Solar mass|30}}的第二顆恆星圍繞著它運行。

在這樣的軌道上，未來的黑洞能够在將[[氫]]融合為[[氦]]的同時開始轉移質量。結果，它失去了大部分的氫，成為[[沃夫–瑞葉星]]，並以恆星風的形式脫落了其餘的外殼，暴露了它的核心。在這個過程中，它的伴星質量越來越大，成為兩顆恆星中質量更大的一顆。

最後，恆星坍塌形成黑洞，並開始吸收其伴星的物質，導致X射線的發射<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/massive-black-hole-binary-explained-101020.html|title=Massive Black Hole Binary Explained|work=[[Space.com]]|accessdate=October 10, 2010|date=January 24, 2011|archive-date=2011-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110103056/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/massive-black-hole-binary-explained-101020.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

==未来==
由於質量的原因，預期伴星也會坍縮成黑洞，形成[[雙黑洞|聯星黑洞]]系統<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blackholes.stardate.org/directory/factsheet.php?p=m33-x-7|title=M33 X-7 Fact Sheet|publisher=Stardate.org|accessdate=September 28, 2012|date=January 24, 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102001241/http://blackholes.stardate.org/directory/factsheet.php?p=m33-x-7|archivedate=November 2, 2010}}</ref>。

== 相關條目 ==

* [[巨大質量恆星列表]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}

{{三角座恆星}}
{{Portal bar|天文學|恆星|航天|太空|太陽系|科學}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:M33 X-7}}
[[Category:三角座星系的恆星]]
[[Category:三角座]]
[[Category:三角座星系]]
[[Category:恆星黑洞]]
[[Category:銀河系外恆星]]
[[Category:O型巨星]]

M33 X-7 - 版本历史

imported>Jimmy-bot：​机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:O-型巨星→Cat:O型巨星）

imported>Jimmy-bot：机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:O-型巨星→Cat:O型巨星）