imported>CataPunero：维护清理（增加内文维护性标识）增加或调整参考来源

2026-05-05T07:08:16Z

维护清理（增加内文维护性标识）增加或调整参考来源

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{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=FL}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Libreboot
| logo = Libreboot logo.svg
| logo size = 150px
| screenshot = ThinkPad X60 Series with Libreboot.jpg
| caption = 兩臺被修改過的[[ThinkPad]] X60筆記型電腦正使用Libreboot做為其韌體
| author = Leah Rowe<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libreboot.org/contrib/|title=Libreboot project contributors|publisher=libreboot.org|accessdate=2016-05-14|archive-date=2017-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404145232/https://libreboot.org/contrib.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| developer =
| released = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|12|12}}
| latest release version = 20241206 revsion 10
| latest release date = {{Release date and age|2025|02|15}}
| platform = [[IA-32]]、[[x86-64]]、[[ARM架構|ARMv7]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coreboot.org/ARM |title=Coreboot ARM |publisher=coreboot |date=2013-10-15 |accessdate=2014-02-01 |archive-date=2015-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907134851/http://www.coreboot.org/ARM |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| genre = [[韌體]]
| license = [[GNU通用公共许可证]]第三版<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://notabug.org/libreboot/libreboot/raw/master/COPYING
| title = libreboot's COPYING file
| accessdate = 2016-09-16
| website = notabug.org
| archive-date = 2017-04-22
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170422213626/https://notabug.org/libreboot/libreboot/raw/master/COPYING
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://libreboot.org/}}
}}

'''Libreboot'''（曾称為'''GNU Libreboot'''）是一個目標為取代專有的[[BIOS]][[韌體]]的[[自由软件]]，僅執行最少的工作來載入並執行現代的[[32位元]]或[[64位元]][[操作系统]]。

==特徵==
最初，Libreboot被設定為沒有專有的二進制blobs的[[coreboot]]发行版，不过Libreboot项目现在的规范则是尽量减少专有的二进制blobs<ref>{{cite web | url=http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Libreboot | title=Libreboot | publisher=Free Software Foundation | accessdate=2014-07-31 | archive-date=2016-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193000/http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Libreboot | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/GNU-Boot-0.1-RC1 |title=GNU Boot 0.1 RC1 Released For This Coreboot/Libreboot Fork |author=Michael Larabel |work=[[Phoronix]] |date=2023-09-11 |accessdate=2025-04-13 |language=en}}</ref>。Libreboot並不是coreboot的直接[[复刻 (软件工程)|分支]]；相反地，其與它的上游coreboot並行且緊密合作，並會把所有上游的新東西引入自己的原始碼裡面，並儘可能將補丁合併回上游。除了移除專有軟體以外，libreboot也會試著透過[[組建自動化]]與簡化安裝過程來讓coreboot更易於使用<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://libreboot.org/docs/index.html#why|title=About the libreboot project|publisher=Libreboot|accessdate=2015-04-25|archive-date=2015-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816103600/http://libreboot.org/docs/index.html#why|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/replace-your-proprietary-bios-with-libreboot|title=Replace your proprietary BIOS with Libreboot|publisher=Free Software Foundation|date=2014-08-04|accessdate=2017-08-09|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125725/https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/replace-your-proprietary-bios-with-libreboot|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

Libreboot專案做出讓一些[[ThinkPad]]、[[Chromebook]]與[[MacBook]]筆記型電腦與[[服务器]]和[[工作站]][[主板]]的完全自由變體可以正確執行的修改<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/respects-your-freedom | title=Respects Your Freedom hardware product certification | publisher=Free Software Foundation | date=2012-10-09 | accessdate=2015-02-25 | author=Gay, Joshua | archive-date=2016-03-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322150808/http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/respects-your-freedom | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="supported">{{cite web | url=http://libreboot.org/docs/hcl/index.html#supported_list | title=Hardware compatibility list | publisher=Libreboot | accessdate=2016-05-19 | archive-date=2017-02-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220205122/https://libreboot.org/docs/hcl/index.html#supported_list | dead-url=no }}</ref>。根據其本身的文件，它可以執行任何在顯示上使用核心模式設定（KMS）的[[Linux发行版]]，而[[Microsoft Windows]]不被支援，Libreboot也不鼓勵使用它。而對BSD的支援程度則多半未經測試，但是有一些成功讓[[OpenBSD]]與[[NetBSD]]開機的回報<ref name="FAQ">{{Cite web|url=http://libreboot.org/faq/|title=Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about libreboot|publisher=Libreboot.org|accessdate=2017-08-09|archive-date=2016-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319233416/https://libreboot.org/faq/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

==歷史==
[[自由软件基金会]]（FSF）認可Libreboot<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/free-bios.html|title=Campaign for Free BIOS — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software|work=fsf.org|accessdate=2015-10-15|archive-date=2016-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319003405/https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/free-bios.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，其也在2016年5月14日成為[[GNU計劃]]的官方專案<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNU-Libreboot |title=Libreboot, Coreboot Downstream, Becomes A GNU Project |work=Phoronix |date=2016-05-19 |accessdate=2016-05-19 |archive-date=2016-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520050602/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=GNU-Libreboot |dead-url=no }}</ref>。然而，在2016年9月16日時，做為對GNU計劃因為員工回報性騷擾而開除一名[[跨性別]]員工的回應<ref name="libreboottrans">{{cite web|title=Libreboot opposes the Free Software Foundation and GNU project|url=https://libreboot.org/gnu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208172826/https://libreboot.org/gnu/|archive-date=2016-12-08|website=Libreboot|accessdate=2016-09-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>，Libreboot的首席開發者Leah Rowe宣佈抵制FSF並將Libreboot從GNU計劃中移除。FSF方面則於2016年9月16日公開否認這些指控<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-statement|title=Free Software Foundation statement on 2016-09-16 — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software|website=www.fsf.org|access-date=2016-09-24|archive-date=2016-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926180025/https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-statement|dead-url=no}}</ref>。Rowe則於2016年9月23日進一步指控FSF「不讓Libreboot離開」<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libreboot.org/gnu-insult/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208172826/https://libreboot.org/gnu-insult/|archive-date=2016-12-08|title=Richard Stallman and GNU refused to let libreboot go, despite stating its intention to leave|website=Libreboot.org|access-date=2016-09-24|dead-url=no}}</ref>。Libreboot貢獻者則指稱Leah Rowe決定從GNU單方面分離，並把她的個人意見當作整個Libreboot社群的意見發佈，但也沒有事先問過其他貢獻者<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zammit|first1=Damien|title=Libreboot Screwup|url=http://zammit.org/libreboot-screwup.html|website=zammit.org|quote=[the contributors] are not consulted about any of the views expressed on the libreboot.org website when they are hastily published by Leah.|accessdate=2016-10-31|date=2016-09-18|archive-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155034/http://zammit.org/libreboot-screwup.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。到了2017年1月，[[理查德·斯托曼]]宣佈將Libreboot從GNU計劃中移除<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stallman|first1=Richard|title=Goodbye to GNU Libreboot|url=https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2017-01/msg00001.html|access-date=2017-01-05|date=2017-01-05|archive-date=2018-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421205207/https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2017-01/msg00001.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2017年4月2日，對GNU的批評被移除，而系統管理員Alyssa Rosenzweig也宣佈了Libreboot網頁不再僅一人控制。對於歧視性開除的謠言是否屬實，她說「也許是。也許不是。」Leah Rowe也在信中道歉：「傷害了很多人，其中大多數人並未參與任何相關的事件。」<ref>{{cite web|url=https://libreboot.org/news/unity.html|title=Open Letter to the Free Software Community|first1=Alyssa|last1=Rosenzweig|first2=Leah|last2=Rowe|date=2017-04-02|accessdate=2017-04-24|archive-date=2017-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417042916/https://libreboot.org/news/unity.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>三個星期後，在一篇在[[Reddit]]上的貼文中，Rowe澄清說，她仍持續參與Libreboot，但已不再擔任專案領導人。她也對離開GNU表示遺憾，並表示大多數的Libreboot開發者都贊成重新加入<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Libreboot-Reconsiders-GNU|title=Libreboot Is Now Considering Whether To RE-Join The GNU|first=Michael|last=Larabel|publisher=Phoronix|date=2017-04-22|accessdate=2017-04-24|archive-date=2020-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129115830/https://phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Libreboot-Reconsiders-GNU|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

2025年九月，Libreboot项目加入了{{Translink|en|Software in the Public Interest}}（SPI）<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libreboot Joins SPI as an Official Associated Project |url=https://linuxiac.com/libreboot-joins-spi-as-an-official-associated-project/ |date=2025-09-09 |language=en-US |last=Borisov |first=Bobby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003191453/https://linuxiac.com/libreboot-joins-spi-as-an-official-associated-project/ |archive-date=2025-10-04 |access-date=2025-10-04}}</ref>，一个[[501(c)(3)組織]]。SPI创立时用来筹集Debian项目的捐款，现在已经成为许多自由软件项目的{{Translink|en|fiscal sponsor}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gentoo Linux Now An SPI Project |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Gentoo-Linux-SPI-Project |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en |last=Larabel |first=Michael |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref>。


==安全問題==
2017年5月1日，英特爾確認並修復了一個在其管理引擎韌體中的遠端提升權限漏洞{{CVE|2017-5689}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Active Management Technology, Intel Small Business Technology, and Intel Standard Manageability Escalation of Privilege|url=https://security-center.intel.com/advisory.aspx?intelid=INTEL-SA-00075&languageid=en-fr|accessdate=2017-08-10|date=2017-05-01|archive-date=2017-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606173223/https://security-center.intel.com/advisory.aspx?intelid=INTEL-SA-00075&languageid=en-fr|dead-url=no}}</ref>，這是一個Coreboot與Libreboot社群長久以來懷疑是否存在的漏洞{{Better source needed|<ref>{{cite web|author1=Dr. Roy Schestowitz|title=‘Active Management Technology’ is Quite Likely a Back Door, Along With Intel’s UEFI|url=http://techrights.org/2014/06/20/active-management-technology/|accessdate=2017-08-10|date=2014-06-20|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013134945/http://techrights.org/2014/06/20/active-management-technology/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://libreboot.org/faq.html#intel|title=Why is the latest Intel hardware unsupported in libreboot?|publisher=Libreboot|accessdate=2017-05-02|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121061147/https://libreboot.org/faq.html#intel|dead-url=no}}</ref>}}。每個配有英特爾標準管理、[[Intel主动管理技术]]或是小型企業科技的英特爾平臺，從2008年的[[Nehalem微架構]]到2017年的[[Kaby Lake微架構]]都在IME（[[英特爾管理引擎]]）中有遠端安全漏洞<ref>{{cite web|author1=Charlie Demerjian|title=Remote security exploit in all 2008+ Intel platforms|url=https://semiaccurate.com/2017/05/01/remote-security-exploit-2008-intel-platforms/|accessdate=2017-08-10|date=2017-05-01|archive-date=2017-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501160809/https://semiaccurate.com/2017/05/01/remote-security-exploit-2008-intel-platforms/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Chris Williams|title=Red alert! Intel patches remote execution hole that's been hidden in chips since 2010|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/05/01/intel_amt_me_vulnerability/|accessdate=2017-08-10|date=2017-05-01|archive-date=2017-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501221603/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/05/01/intel_amt_me_vulnerability/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。IME中的另一個安全漏洞則與Intel vPro有關，硬體可以透過它來遠端存取，嚴重的話，電腦甚至會被摧毀<ref>{{cite web|author1=Richard Chirgwin|title='Occupy' affiliate claims Intel bakes SECRET 3G radio into vPro CPUs|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/23/intel_stuns_world_with_wakeon3g/|accessdate=2017-08-10|date=2013-09-23|archive-date=2018-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005315/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/23/intel_stuns_world_with_wakeon3g/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

==支援的系統==
截至2016年5月，Libreboot的系統支援包含了下列的系統：<ref name="supported" /><ref name="asus">{{Cite news|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Libreboot-Adds-ASUS-Mobo|title=Libreboot Now Supports An AMD/ASUS Motherboard|publisher=Phoronix|first=Michael|last=Larabel|date=2015-06-28|accessdate=2015-07-14|archive-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131032/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Libreboot-Adds-ASUS-Mobo|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://liliputing.com/2015/08/libreboot-ported-to-asus-chromebook-c201-free-software-bootloader.html|title=Libreboot ported to Asus Chromebook C201 (free software bootloader)|author=Brad Linder|work=Liliputing|accessdate=2015-10-15|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073252/http://liliputing.com/2015/08/libreboot-ported-to-asus-chromebook-c201-free-software-bootloader.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

* 伺服器主機版：[[華碩]] KFSN4-DRE與華碩 KGPE-D16
* 桌上型主機版：華碩 KCMA-D8、英特爾 D510MO、技嘉 GA-G41M-ES2L與Apple [[iMac]] 5,2
* 筆記型電腦：華碩 [[Chromebook]] C201、聯想 [[ThinkPad]] X60/X60s、聯想 ThinkPad X60 Tablet、聯想 ThinkPad T60（部份例外）、聯想 ThinkPad X200、聯想 ThinkPad R400、聯想 ThinkPad T400、聯想 ThinkPad T500、Apple [[MacBook]] 1.1與Apple MacBook 2.1

==參考資料==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 外部連結 ==
* {{Official website|https://libreboot.org/}}

[[Category:自由系統軟體]]
[[Category:韌體]]
[[Category:售後韌體]]

Libreboot - 版本历史

imported>CataPunero：​维护清理（增加内文维护性标识） 增加或调整参考来源

imported>CataPunero：维护清理（增加内文维护性标识）增加或调整参考来源