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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;新页面&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox spaceflight&lt;br /&gt;
| name                   = LUVOIR&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor&lt;br /&gt;
| names_list             = &lt;br /&gt;
| image                  = Rendering of LUVOIR-A observatory, 2019.png&lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption          = LUVOIR-A概念圖&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| mission_type           = [[太空望遠鏡]]&lt;br /&gt;
| operator               = [[NASA]]&lt;br /&gt;
| COSPAR_ID              = &lt;br /&gt;
| SATCAT                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| website                = {{URL|http://www.luvoirtelescope.org}}{{Dead link}}&lt;br /&gt;
| mission_duration       = 主要任務建議5年&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;消耗品10年&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;不可維修組件以25年作目標&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| spacecraft             = &lt;br /&gt;
| spacecraft_type        = &lt;br /&gt;
| manufacturer           = &lt;br /&gt;
| launch_mass            = &lt;br /&gt;
| dry_mass               = &lt;br /&gt;
| payload_mass           = &lt;br /&gt;
| dimensions             = &lt;br /&gt;
| power                  =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| launch_date            = 2039（方案）&lt;br /&gt;
| launch_rocket          = [[太空發射系統|SLS Block 2]]（方案）&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[SpaceX星艦]]（方案）&lt;br /&gt;
| launch_site            = &lt;br /&gt;
| launch_contractor      =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| orbit_reference        = 日地[[拉格朗日點]]{{L2}}&lt;br /&gt;
| apsis                  = Helion&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| instrument_type        = &lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_name         = &lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_type         = 多波長&lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_diameter     = {{cvt|8|or|15.1|m}}&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AirSpace-20210323&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_focal_length = &lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_area         = &lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_wavelength   = [[紫外光]]、[[可見光]]、[[紅外光]]&lt;br /&gt;
| telescope_resolution   = &lt;br /&gt;
| instruments            = ECLIPS（Extreme Coronagraph for LIving Planetary Systems，對行星系統活物搜索的極限日冕儀）&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;HDI（High-Definition Imager，高清成像儀）&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;LUMOS（LUVOIR Ultraviolet Multi-Object Spectrograph，LUVOIR 紫外多目標光譜儀）&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;POLLUX（高分辨率紫外分光偏振儀）（[[CNES]]）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| trans_band             = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_frequency        = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_bandwidth        = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_capacity         = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_coverage         = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_TWTA             = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_EIRP             = &lt;br /&gt;
| trans_HPBW             =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| insignia               = LUVOIR logo FINAL for Light BG.png&lt;br /&gt;
| insignia_caption       = 任務建議徽章&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Comparison of LUVOIR-A and -B primary mirrors with Hubble and JWST.png|thumb|266px|alt=A comparison between the primary mirrors of the Hubble Space Telescope, James Webb Space Telescope, LUVOIR-B and LUVOIR-A|[[哈勃太空望遠鏡]]、[[詹姆斯韋伯太空望遠鏡]]、[[LUVOIR-B]]、[[LUVOIR-A]]的主鏡比較。]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Comparaison-OST-LUVOIR-HabEX-et-Lynx-fr.png|thumb|466px|波長比較。]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;LUVOIR&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;（{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|uː|v|ɑːr}}，{{langx|en|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;}}，直譯：&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;大型紫外光學可見光學紅外光學測量儀&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;，意譯：&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;大型多波長測量儀&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;）是[[NASA]]在{{tsl|en|STEM fields}}領導開發的多波長[[太空望遠鏡]]概念。是[[美國國家科學院]]2020[[天文學和天體物理學十年調查]]研究的四大天體物理學太空任務概念之一。&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3644/1|title=Selecting the next great space observatory|last=Foust|first=Jeff|work=[[The Space Review]]|date=21 January 2019|access-date=20 September 2020|archive-date=2019-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031183453/http://thespacereview.com/article/3644/1|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/decadal-survey-on-astronomy-and-astrophysics-2020-astro2020|title=Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020 (Astro2020)|work=[[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]|date=23 March 2021|access-date=24 May 2021|archive-date=2020-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603075323/https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/decadal-survey-on-astronomy-and-astrophysics-2020-astro2020|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雖然 LUVOIR 是一個通用天文台的概念，但它的關鍵科學目標是表徵廣泛的系外行星，包括可能宜居行星。同時，另一個目標是實現廣泛的天體物理學，從再電離時代，到星系的形成和演化，再到恆星和行星的形成。太陽系天體的強大成像和光譜觀測也是可能的。LUVOIR將是一項大型戰略科學任務[[旗艦任務]]，並被考慮在2020年代的某個時候開始開發。 LUVOIR 研究團隊為 LUVOIR 的兩種變體設計了一種設計：一種具有 15.1 m 直徑的望遠鏡反射鏡（&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;LUVOIR-A&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;），另一種具有 8 m 直徑的反射鏡（&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;LUVOIR-B&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;）。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/|title=Official NASA website for LUVOIR|last=Myers|first=J. D.|website=NASA|access-date=2022-08-05|archive-date=2020-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419105939/https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/|dead-url=no}} {{PD-notice}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;LUVOIR將能觀察到紫外光、可見光、紅外光。&amp;lt;!--While LUVOIR is a concept for a general-purpose observatory, it has the key science goal of characterizing a wide range of [[exoplanet]]s, including those that might be [[Planetary habitability|habitable]]. An additional goal is to enable a broad range of [[astrophysics]], from the [[reionization]] epoch, through galaxy formation and evolution, to [[Star formation|star]] and [[Nebular hypothesis|planet formation]]. Powerful imaging and [[spectroscopy]] observations of [[Solar System]] bodies would also be possible. LUVOIR would be a [[Large strategic science missions|Large Strategic Science Mission]] and was considered for a development start sometime in the 2020s. The LUVOIR Study Team has produced designs for two variants of LUVOIR: one with a 15.1 m diameter telescope mirror (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;LUVOIR-A&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) and one with an 8 m diameter mirror (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;LUVOIR-B&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/ |title=Official NASA website for LUVOIR|last=Myers|first=J. D.|website=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; LUVOIR would be able to observe [[ultraviolet]], [[visible light|visible]], and [[near-infrared]] [[electromagnetic spectrum|wavelengths of light]]. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2021年11月4日，2020年天體物理學十年調查建議開發「大型約6米孔徑的紫外光、可見光、紅外光（IR/O/UV）太空望遠鏡」，其科學目標是尋找行星上的生命跡象在太陽系之外，並實現廣泛變革性天體物理學。這任務利用了LUVOIR和HabEx任務概念。&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Astrophysics decadal survey recommends a program of flagship space telescopes |url=https://spacenews.com/astrophysics-decadal-survey-recommends-a-program-of-flagship-space-telescopes/ |website=SpaceNews |last=Foust |first=Jeff |access-date=12 April 2022|date=4 November 2021}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT-20211104&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A New 10-Year Plan for the Cosmos - On astronomers’ wish list for the next decade: two giant telescopes and a space telescope to search for life and habitable worlds beyond Earth. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/04/science/astronomy-decadal-survey-telescope.html |date=4 November 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=12 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511191752/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/04/science/astronomy-decadal-survey-telescope.html |dead-url=no }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NA-20211104&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |author=Staff |title=New Report Charts Path for Next Decade of Astronomy and Astrophysics; Recommends Future Ground and Space - Telescopes, Scientific Priorities, Investments in Scientific Community |url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2021/11/new-report-charts-path-for-next-decade-of-astronomy-and-astrophysics-recommends-future-ground-and-space-telescopes-scientific-priorities-investments-in-scientific-community |date=4 November 2021 |work=[[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]] |access-date=12 April 2022 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105002202/https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2021/11/new-report-charts-path-for-next-decade-of-astronomy-and-astrophysics-recommends-future-ground-and-space-telescopes-scientific-priorities-investments-in-scientific-community |dead-url=no }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!--On 4 November 2021, the [[Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey|2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey]] recommended development of a &amp;quot;large (~6 m aperture) infrared/optical/ultraviolet (IR/O/UV) space telescope&amp;quot;, with the science goals of searching for signatures of life on planets outside of the solar system and enabling a wide range of transformative astrophysics. Such a mission draws upon both the LUVOIR and [[Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission|HabEx]] mission concepts.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2019年8月26日，5年LUVOIR任務概念研究最終報告公佈，LUVOIR將在大約2039年使用重型運載火箭發射，並將放在日地[[拉格朗日點]]{{L2}}軌道上。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.luvoirtelescope.org/copy-of-design|title=LUVOIR Mission Concept Study Final Report|work=luvoirtelescope.org|publisher=[[NASA]]|date=26 August 2019|access-date=24 May 2021|archive-date=2021-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524221618/https://www.luvoirtelescope.org/copy-of-design|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 背景 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{See also|旗艦任務}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2016年，NASA開始為未來的大型戰略科學任務[[旗艦任務]]考慮四種不同的[[太空望遠鏡]]概念。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Scientific American 2016&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-considers-its-next-flagship-space-telescope/|title=NASA Considers Its Next Flagship Space Telescope|last=Scoles|first=Sarah|date=30 March 2016|journal=[[Scientific American]]|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-date=2021-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226225442/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-considers-its-next-flagship-space-telescope/|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
分別是{{tsl|en|Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission|宜居系外行星成像任務}}（{{langx|en|Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission}}，HabEx）、&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;LUVOIR望遠鏡&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;、{{tsl|en|Lynx X-ray Observatory|LynxX射線天文台}}（lynx）和{{tsl|en|Origins Space Telescope|起源太空望遠鏡}}（OST）。 2019年，四團隊向[[美國國家科學院]]提交了最終報告，國家科學院獨立十年調查委員會建議美國宇航局如果獲得資金，LUVOIR將在大約2039年使用重型運載火箭發射，並將被放置在圍繞太陽-地球[[拉格朗日點]]{{L2}}軌道上。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 任務 ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg|thumb|234px|調查系外行星是LUVOIR任務的主要目標之一]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR的主要目標是研究系外行星、宇宙起源、太陽系。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR將分析系外行星大氣及表面結構與組成。檢測遙遠系外行星大氣生命產生的[[生物特徵]]。&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/searching-for-the-chemistry-of-life-on-exoplanets/3008746.article|title=Searching for the chemistry of life on exoplanets|last=Trager|first=Rebecca|work=[[Chemistry World]]|date=7 March 2018|access-date=24 May 2021|archive-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420051551/https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/searching-for-the-chemistry-of-life-on-exoplanets/3008746.article|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
感興趣的大氣生物特徵包括{{chem|CO|2}}、{{chem|CO}}、{{chem|O|2}}、{{chem|H|2|O}}、[[臭氧]]（{{chem|O|3}}）、[[甲烷]]（{{chem|CH|4}}）等。LUVOIR的多波長能力將提供關鍵信息幫助了解主星的紫外線輻射如何調節宜居行星大氣光化學。LUVOIR還將觀察大量具廣泛特徵（質量、宿主恆星類型、年齡等）的系外行星，目標是將太陽系置於更廣泛的行星系統背景下。其五年主要任務，LUVOIR-A預計將識別和研究54顆潛在宜居系外行星，而LUVOIR-B預計識別28顆。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AirSpace-20210323&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Marc |url=https://www.airspacemag.com/space/picture-planet-180977302/ |title=The Space Telescope That Could Find a Second Earth |work=[[Air &amp;amp; Space Magazine]] |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=24 May 2021 |archive-date=2021-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226234317/https://www.airspacemag.com/space/picture-planet-180977302/ |dead-url=no }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
天體物理學研究的範圍包括對遙遠時空宇宙結構的探索，星系的形成和演化，恆星和行星系統的誕生。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
在太陽系研究領域，LUVOIR可在木星可見光下提供高達約25公里的成像分辨率，從而可以對木星、土星、天王星、海王星大氣動力學進行長時間詳細監測。太陽系彗星、小行星、衞星、柯伊伯帶天體的敏感、高分辨率成像、光譜學在可預見未來不會被航天器訪問，所以LUVOIR可以提供關於很久以前太陽系形成過程的重要信息。此外，LUVOIR在長期研究太陽系外海衞星（尤其是[[木衞二]]和[[土衞二]]）的羽流方面發揮著重要作用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 設計 ==&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR將配備一個內部日冕儀，稱為「ECLIPS」（Extreme Coronagraph for LIving Planetary Systems，對行星系統活物搜索的極限日冕儀）以實現對類地系外行星直接觀測。對於較小的LUVOIR設計LUVOIR-B，[[新世界任務]]是另一種選擇。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
研究的其他候選科學儀器包括：高清成像儀 (HDI)，一種廣域[[紫外光]]、[[可見光]]、[[紅外光]]相機：LUMOS，一種LUVOIR紫外多目標光譜儀；POLLUX，一種紫外分光偏振計。POLLUX（高分辨率紫外分光光度計）正在由一個得到[[法國國家太空研究中心]]的領導和支持的歐洲財團研究。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR可以從遠紫外觀測到近紅外。實現對類地系外行星進行日冕觀測所需的極端波前穩定性。&amp;lt;!-- To enable the extreme wavefront stability needed for coronagraphic observations of Earth-like exoplanets,--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exep/technology/technology-overview/|title=NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program Technology Overview|access-date=2022-08-05|archive-date=2022-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727123218/https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exep/technology/technology-overview/|dead-url=no}} {{PD-notice}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR設計融合了三個原則。首先，振動和機械干擾被最小化。其次，望遠鏡和日冕儀都通過有源光學器件結合了幾層波前控制。再者，望遠鏡被主動加熱到精確的{{cvt|270|K}}以控制熱擾動。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR技術開發計劃得到了[[美國宇航局]]{{tsl|en|Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Studies|天體物理學戰略任務概念研究計劃}}、[[戈達德太空飛行中心]]、[[馬歇爾太空飛行中心]]、[[噴氣推進實驗室]]、{{tsl|en|Northrop Grumman|諾斯羅普·格魯曼航空航天系統公司}}和{{tsl|en|Ball Aerospace &amp;amp; Technologies|鮑爾航空航天公司}}的相關計劃的資助。 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== LUVOIR-A ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|LUVOIR-A}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LUVOIR-A trans.png|thumb|345px|left|LUVOIR-A]]&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR-A（{{langx|en|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;High Definition Space Telescope&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;}}，&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;HDST&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;)由36鏡段組成，孔徑{{convert|15.1|m}}，比[[哈勃太空望遠鏡]]提供的圖像清晰24倍。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;s&amp;amp;t&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|last=Dickinson|first=David|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-blogs/the-high-definition-space-telescope-hubbles-successor/|title=High Definition Space Telescope — Hubble&amp;#039;s Successor?|work=[[Sky &amp;amp; Telescope]]|date=21 July 2015|access-date=24 July 2015|archive-date=2022-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114143344/https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-blogs/the-high-definition-space-telescope-hubbles-successor/|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;LUVOIR-A將大到足以發現和研究我們附近附近的數十個類地行星。它可以解析諸如小星系核或正在坍縮成恆星和行星的氣體雲等物體。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;aura&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;HDST 的第一項研究由[[天文研究大學協會]]（AURA）於2015年7月6日發表。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;aura&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web&lt;br /&gt;
|url=http://www.aura-astronomy.org/news/news.asp?newsID=360|title=AURA Releases Study of Future Space Telescope|work=[[Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy|AURA]]|date=6 July 2015|access-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201140214/http://www.aura-astronomy.org/news/news.asp?newsID=360|archive-date=1 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;HDST在一份題為「From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths」（從宇宙誕生到活生生的地球）的報告提出，該報告由AURA委託，該報告代表NASA、[[國家科學基金會]]管理哈勃和其他天文台。&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=AURA Report|url=http://www.hdstvision.org/report|website=From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths|access-date=2015-07-24|archive-date=2022-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115062753/http://www.hdstvision.org/report|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;最初的HDST提案的想法包括一個內部日冕儀，一個阻擋來自中央恆星的光線的圓盤，使一顆昏暗的行星更加可見，以及一個可以漂浮在它前面幾公里外以執行相同功能的星影。&amp;lt;!--Ideas for the original HDST proposal included an internal [[coronagraph]], a disk that blocks light from the central star, making a dim planet more visible, and a [[starshade]] that would float kilometers out in front of it to perform the same function.--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;NYTimes 2015&amp;#039;&amp;gt;{{cite news|title=The Telescope of the 2030s|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/14/science/space/the-telescope-of-the-2030s.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2015-07-13|access-date=2015-07-24|issn=0362-4331|first=Dennis|last=Overbye|archive-date=2022-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620025003/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/14/science/space/the-telescope-of-the-2030s.html|dead-url=no}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;LUVOIR-A可折疊，因此只需一個8米寬的有效載荷整流罩。&amp;lt;!--LUVOIR-A folds so it only needs an 8-metre wide payload fairing.--&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;初始成本估計約為100億美元&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;NYTimes 2015&amp;#039;/&amp;gt;，終生成本估計為180億至240億美元。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AirSpace-20210323&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=== LUVOIR-B ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|LUVOIR-B}}&lt;br /&gt;
LUVOIR-B（{{langx|en|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;}}，&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ATLAST&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;）&amp;lt;ref name=NASA2014&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=NASA Team Lays Plans to Observe New Worlds|url=https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-team-lays-plans-to-observe-new-worlds|website=NASA|date=July 23, 2014|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=2021-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516111528/https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-team-lays-plans-to-observe-new-worlds/|dead-url=no}} {{PD-notice}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=Post2009&amp;gt;{{cite journal |title=Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST): A Technology Roadmap for the Next Decade|arxiv=0904.0941|first1=Marc|last1=Postman|first2=Vic|last2=Argabright|first3=Bill|last3=Arnold |display-authors=1|date=6 April 2009|journal=RFI Submitted to Astro2010 Decadal Committee|bibcode=2009arXiv0904.0941P}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite magazine|title=Where will astronomy be in 35 years?|magazine=[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy]]|first=Francis|last=Reddy|date=August 2008}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;LUVOIR Home&amp;#039;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/design/|title=LUVOIR - Design|publisher=NASA|access-date=April 1, 2020|archive-date=2022-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806173715/https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/design/|dead-url=no}} {{PD-notice}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;是最初由[[太空望遠鏡科學研究所]]（STScI）開發的8米架構&amp;lt;ref name=stsciatlast&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=ATLAST — Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope|publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute|url=http://www.stsci.edu/atlast|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=2012-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710102528/http://www.stsci.edu/atlast|dead-url=yes}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&amp;lt;!--哈勃太空望遠鏡（HST）和詹姆斯韋伯太空望遠鏡（JWST）的科學運營中心。雖比LUVOIR-A小，但設計目的是產生比JWST好5-10倍的角分辨率，以及比HST好2,000倍的靈敏度限制。the science operations center for the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) and the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] (JWST). While smaller than LUVOIR-A, it is being designed to produce an angular resolution that is 5–10 times better than the JWST, and a sensitivity limit that is up to 2,000 times better than HST.&amp;lt;ref name=NASA2014/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=Post2009/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=stsciatlast/&amp;gt;--&amp;gt;設計目的是產生比[[詹姆斯韋伯太空望遠鏡]]好5-10倍角分辨率，以及比[[哈勃太空望遠鏡]]好2,000倍靈敏度。&lt;br /&gt;
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LUVOIR研究小組預計，該望遠鏡將能夠像[[哈勃太空望遠鏡]]一樣由無人航天器或宇航員通過[[獵戶座飛船]]或[[SpaceX星艦]]進行維修。相機等儀器可被更換返回地球分析其組件和升級。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;LUVOIR Home&amp;#039;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=== ATLAST ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
用於初始任務概念的原始反義詞「ATLAST」是個雙關語，指的是決定HST繼任者所花費的時間。ATLAST本身提出了三種不同的架構：一個{{convert|8|m}}的單片鏡面望遠鏡、一個{{convert|16.8|m}}的分段鏡面望遠鏡和一個{{convert|9.2|m}}的分段鏡面望遠鏡。當前LUVOIR-B架構採用JWST設計傳統，本質是JWST的一個增量變體，具有{{convert|6.5|m}}分段主鏡。依靠太陽能運行，它將使用內部日冕儀或外部掩星儀，可以表徵地球大小的系外行星的大氣和表面，該系外行星位於長壽命恆星的宜居帶，距離可達140光年（43 pc），包括旋轉速度、氣候、宜居性。該望遠鏡還將使研究人員能夠收集有關主要地表特徵的性質、雲層、氣候的變化及地表植被的潛在季節性變化信息。&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite conference|title=Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST): Characterizing Habitable Worlds|conference=Pathways Towards Habitable Planets Symposium. 14–18 September 2009. Barcelona, Spain|first1=M.|last1=Postman|first2=W. A.|last2=Traub|first3=J.|last3=Krist|display-authors=etal|date=19 November 2009|arxiv=0911.3841 |bibcode=2010ASPC..430..361P}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;LUVOIR-B設計用於使用具有行業標準{{convert|5|m}}直徑發射整流罩的重型火箭發射。生命週期成本估計從120億美元到180億美元不等。&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AirSpace-20210323&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== 參見 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Portal|航天|天文學}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{tsl|en|List of proposed space observatories|擬建空間觀測站清單}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== 參考文獻 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== 外部鏈接 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commons category multi|LUVOIR|High Definition Space Telescope}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.luvoirtelescope.org/ LUVOIR項目網站] {{Wayback|url=https://www.luvoirtelescope.org/ |date=20191213085426 }}&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/ 測量儀] {{Wayback|url=https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/luvoir/ |date=20200419105939 }}，[[戈達德太空飛行中心]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/ATLAST/ 大口徑先進技術太空望遠鏡] {{Wayback|url=https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/ATLAST/ |date=20191128042524 }}，[[戈達德太空飛行中心]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.stsci.edu/institute/atlast 大口徑先進技術太空望遠鏡] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121215024125/http://www.stsci.edu/institute/atlast |date=2012-12-15 }}，[[太空望遠鏡科學研究所]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180612111802/http://www.hdstvision.org/ 高清太空望遠鏡]，[[大學天文研究協會]]&lt;br /&gt;
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{{space telescopes}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Exoplanet search projects}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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