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'''Jupyter'''（{{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Jupiter.ogg|ˈ|dʒ|uː|p|ɪ|t|ər}}）是一个[[非营利组织]]，旨在“为数十种编程语言的[[交互式计算]]开发[[开源软件]]，开放标准和服务”。2014年由Fernando Pérez从[[IPython]]中衍生出来，Jupyter支持几十种语言的执行环境。Jupyter项目开发并支持交互式计算产品Jupyter Notebook（文件格式是.ipynb文件）、JupyterHub和JupyterLab。

== 历史 ==
2014年，Fernando Pérez宣布从IPython中衍生出一个名为Jupyter的项目。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speakerdeck.com/fperez/project-jupyter|title=Project Jupyter // Speaker Deck|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033855/https://speakerdeck.com/fperez/project-jupyter|dead-url=no}}</ref>IPython继续以Python shell和Jupyter内核的形式存在，而IPython Notebook和其他与语言无关的部分移到了Jupyter名下。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/ipython/ipython|title=The Notebook, Qt console and a number of other pieces are now parts of Jupyter|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111200945/https://github.com/ipython/ipython|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.jupyter.org/the-big-split-9d7b88a031a7|title=The Big Split™}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/jupyter/design/wiki/Jupyter-Logo|title=jupyter/design|work=GitHub|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111221843/https://github.com/jupyter/design/wiki/Jupyter-Logo|dead-url=no}}</ref> 它支持{{url|https://github.com/jupyter/jupyter/wiki/Jupyter-kernels|几十种语言}}的执行环境（也就是内核），这些语言包括Julia、R、[[Haskell]]、[[Ruby]]，当然还有Python（通过IPython内核）。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jupyter.org/|title=Project Jupyter | Home|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2017-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629054445/https://jupyter.org/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blog.github.com/2015-05-07-github-jupyter-notebooks-3/|title=GitHub + Jupyter Notebooks = <3|author=sshirokov|date=2015-05-07|work=The GitHub Blog|accessdate=2018-04-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207023438/https://blog.github.com/2015-05-07-github-jupyter-notebooks-3/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blog.jupyter.org/rendering-notebooks-on-github-f7ac8736d686|title=Rendering Notebooks on GitHub – Jupyter Blog|date=2015-05-07|work=Jupyter Blog|accessdate=2018-04-10}}</ref>

== 产品理念 ==
Jupyter项目的经营理念是通过开发开源软件，支持所有编程语言之间的交互式数据科学和科学计算。根据Jupyter项目网站所言，“Jupyter将永远是100%的开源软件，所有人都可以免费使用，并在修改后的BSD许可的自由条款下发布。”<ref name="About Us" />

== 产品 ==

=== Jupyter Notebook ===
Jupyter Notebook（前身是IPython Notebook）是一个基于Web的交互式计算环境，用于创建Jupyter Notebook文档。Jupyter Notebook文档是一个[[JSON]]文档，包含一个有序的输入/输出单元格列表，这些单元格可以包含代码、文本（使用[[Markdown]]语言）、数学、图表和富媒体 (Rich media)，通常以“.ipynb”结尾-{zh-cn:扩展; zh-hant:附檔名}-。

Jupyter Notebook文档可以通过Web界面中的「Download As」，通过nbconvert库或shell中的“jupyter nbconvert”命令行界面，转换为许多的[[开源标准]]输出格式（[[HTML]]、演示-{zh-cn:幻灯片; zh-tw:投影片}-、[[LaTeX]]、[[PDF]]、[[reStructuredText]]、[[Markdown]]、[[Python]])。

为了简化Jupyter Notebook文档在Web上的-{zh-cn:可视化; zh-tw:視覺化}-，nbconvert库是通过nbviewer提供的一项服务，它可以获取任何公开可用的Notebook文档的URL，将其动态转换为 HTML 并显示给用户。
[[File:IPython-notebook.png|缩略图|IPython Notebook interface]]
Jupyter Notebook提供了一个基于浏览器的[[REPL]]，它建立在一些流行的开源库之上:

* [[IPython]]
* [[ØMQ]]
* [[Tornado|Tornado（Web服务器）]]
* [[jQuery]]
* [[Bootstrap|Bootstrap（前端框架）]]
* MathJax

Jupyter Notebook允许使用多种语言进行编程。在2.3版本<ref name="releasenote23">{{Cite web|url=https://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/whatsnew/github-stats-2.0.html|title=What's new in IPython > Issues closed in the 2.x development cycle|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021235203/http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/whatsnew/github-stats-2.0.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="releasenote20">{{Cite web|url=https://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/whatsnew/version2.0.html|title=What's new in IPython > 2.0 Series|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221133333/http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/stable/whatsnew/version2.0.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>（2014年10月）中，有49个与Jupyter兼容的内核，可以用于许多编程语言，包括Python、R、Julia和Haskell。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/jupyter/jupyter/wiki/Jupyter-kernels|title=Jupyter kernels > List of (some) IPython compatible kernels|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2021-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204110207/https://github.com/jupyter/jupyter/wiki/Jupyter-kernels|dead-url=no}}</ref>

IPython在0.12版本（2011年12月）中添加了Notebook界面，2015年更名为Jupyter Notebook（IPython 4.0 - Jupyter 1.0）。<ref name="releasenote012">{{Cite web|url=https://ipython.org/ipython-doc/dev/whatsnew/version0.12.html#an-interactive-browser-based-notebook-with-rich-media-support|title=Notebook's announcement- 0.12 release note|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008044435/https://ipython.org/ipython-doc/dev/whatsnew/version0.12.html#an-interactive-browser-based-notebook-with-rich-media-support|dead-url=no}}</ref>Jupyter Notebook类似于[[Maple]]、[[Mathematica]]和[[SageMath]]等程序的笔记本界面，SageMath是一种计算界面风格，起源于Mathematica在20世纪80年代。<ref name="Somers2018">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/the-scientific-paper-is-obsolete/556676/|title=The Scientific Paper Is Obsolete|author=Somers|first=James|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=2018-04-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109061137/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/the-scientific-paper-is-obsolete/556676/|dead-url=no}}</ref>据《[[大西洋 (雜誌)|大西洋]]》杂志报道，在2018年初，用户对Jupyter的兴趣超过了Mathematica Notebook界面的流行程度。<ref name="Somers2018" />

=== Jupyter Kernels ===
Jupyter Kernel是一个负责处理各种类型的请求（代码执行、代码补全、检查）和提供回复的程序。内核通过-{zh-cn:网络; zh-hant:網路}-使用[[ØMQ]]与Jupyter的其他组件-{zh-cn:通信; zh-tw:通訊}-，因此可以在相同的或远程的机器上。与许多其他类似于Notebook的接口不同，在Jupyter中，内核并不知道它们被附加到特定的文档，并且可以同时从多个-{zh-cn:客户机; zh-hant:客戶端}-连接到它们。通常，内核是实现的，允许执行一种语言，但有几个例外。

Jupyter附带IPython作为默认内核，并通过ipykernel包装器提供引用实现。许多语言都有各种-{zh-cn:质量; zh-hant:品質}-和特性的内核。

=== JupyterHub ===
JupyterHub 是一个用于Jupyter Notebook的多用户服务器。它通过生成、管理和代理许多单一的Jupyter Notebook服务器来支持许多用户。

=== JupyterHub API ===
JupyterHub 向外暴露了以 REST 风格的 API 供开发者们使用，可参阅：<ref>{{Cite web|title=JupyterHub|url=https://jupyterhub.readthedocs.io/en/stable/_static/rest-api/index.html|accessdate=2020-11-06|work=jupyterhub.readthedocs.io}}{{Dead link}}</ref>

它包揽了一系列对 Jupyter 的操作，诸如生成用户环境，配置环境等。

=== JupyterLab ===
JupyterLab是Jupyter项目的下一代用户界面。它在一个灵活且强大的用户界面中提供了经典的Jupyter Notebook（笔记本、终端、文本编辑器、文件浏览器、丰富输出 (Rich Text) 等）所有熟悉的构建模块。第一个稳定版本于2018年2月20日发布。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blog.jupyter.org/jupyterlab-is-ready-for-users-5a6f039b8906|title=JupyterLab is Ready for Users – Jupyter Blog|date=2018-02-20|work=Jupyter Blog|accessdate=2018-05-04|archive-date=2019-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604134206/https://blog.jupyter.org/jupyterlab-is-ready-for-users-5a6f039b8906|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 行业应用 ==
Jupyter Notebook已经成为[[雲端運算|云计算]]的一个流行的用户界面，主要的云提供商已经采用了Jupyter Notebook或其衍生工具作为云用户的前端界面。例如[[亞馬遜公司|亚马逊]]的SageMaker Notebook<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/sagemaker|title=Amazon SageMaker on AWS|accessdate=2018-05-09|author=|date=|first=|work=Amazon Web Services, Inc.|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202205502/https://aws.amazon.com/sagemaker/|archivedate=2021-02-02|dead-url=no}}</ref>、[[Google]]的Colaboratory<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colab.research.google.com|title=Welcome to Colaboratory|accessdate=2018-05-09|author=|date=|work=research.google.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203141626/https://colab.research.google.com/|archivedate=2021-02-03|dead-url=no}}</ref>以及[[微软]]的Azure Notebooks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://notebooks.azure.com/|title=Microsoft Azure Notebooks - Online Jupyter Notebooks|accessdate=2018-05-09|work=notebooks.azure.com|archive-date=2020-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129081457/https://notebooks.azure.com/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== Collaboratory ===
[[Collaboratory]]（也称为Colab）是一个免费的Jupyter Notebook环境，它在云中运行，并将笔记本存储在[[Google雲端硬碟|Google云端硬盘]]上。[[Collaboratory]]最初是Jupyter项目的一部分，<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1113999/nerds-rejoice-google-just-released-its-internal-tool-to-collaborate-on-ai/amp/|title=Nerds rejoice: Google just released its internal tool to collaborate on AI|work=Quartz|accessdate=2018-09-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202223541/https://qz.com/1113999/nerds-rejoice-google-just-released-its-internal-tool-to-collaborate-on-ai/amp/|dead-url=no}}</ref>但最终被-{zh-hans:谷歌; zh-hant:Google}-接管。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/jupyter/colaboratory/blob/master/README.md|title=jupyter/colaboratory|accessdate=2018-09-06|work=GitHub|language=en|archive-date=2019-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216210614/https://github.com/jupyter/colaboratory/blob/master/README.md|dead-url=no}}</ref>截止到2018年9月，[[Collaboratory]]只支持Python 2和Python 3内核，不支持其他Jupyter内核，比如Julia和R。

== 媒体报道 ==

* 2016年2月11日，[[LIGO]]宣布[[GW150914|首次观测引力波]]。这次发布了原始的科学数据以及包含Python代码的Jupyter Notebook文件，用于处理数据并从发现论文中复制数据。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://losc.ligo.org/events/GW150914/|title=LIGO Open Science Center|accessdate=2018-05-04|work=losc.ligo.org|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215223941/https://losc.ligo.org/events/GW150914/|archive-date=2016-02-15|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* 2018年4月5日，[[大西洋 (雜誌)|《大西洋》]]杂志发表了一篇名为《科学论文过时了》的文章，讨论了Jupyter Notebook和[[Mathematica]] Notebook在未来科学出版中的作用。<ref name="Somers2018"/>这篇文章引起了包括经济学家[[保罗·罗默]]在内的著名科学家和学者的回应。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paulromer.net/jupyter-mathematica-and-the-future-of-the-research-paper/|title=Jupyter, Mathematica, and the Future of the Research Paper – Paul Romer|accessdate=2018-04-15|work=paulromer.net|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105045802/https://paulromer.net/jupyter-mathematica-and-the-future-of-the-research-paper/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 资助和奖励 ==

* 2012年，Fernando Pérez因其在IPython（Jupyter项目的前身）上的工作而获得[[自由软件基金会]]的自由软件进步奖。
* 2013年，IPython团队获得了[[艾爾弗·斯隆基金會|艾尔弗·斯隆基金会]]115万美元的资助，<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipython.org/sloan-grant.html|title=Sloan Foundation Grant — IPython|accessdate=2018-05-03|work=ipython.org|archive-date=2020-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114202816/http://ipython.org/sloan-grant.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipython.org/_static/sloangrant/sloan-grant.html|title=An Open Source Framework for Interactive, Collaborative and Reproducible Scientific Computing and EducationOpen Source Tools for Interactive, Collaborative and Reproducible Computing|accessdate=2018-05-03|work=ipython.org|archive-date=2020-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721115328/https://ipython.org/_static/sloangrant/sloan-grant.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>该基金会资助了导致Jupyter项目诞生的早期工作。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ipython.org/sloan-2013-reports/IPython%202015%20Final%20Report%20-%20Sloan%20Foundation.pdf|title=IPython 2015 Final Report - Sloan Foundation|accessdate=May 3, 2018|author=Perez|date=December 28, 2015|first=Fernando|work=ipython.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007002904/http://archive.ipython.org/sloan-2013-reports/IPython%202015%20Final%20Report%20-%20Sloan%20Foundation.pdf|archivedate=2020-10-07|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2015年，Jupyter项目被资助来自Leona M.和Harry B. Helmsley慈善信托基金，Gordon和Betty Moore基金会以及艾尔弗·斯隆基金会的联合600万美元，资助工作导致的扩展功能核心Jupyter工具，以及JupyterLab的创建。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://helmsleytrust.org/news/uc-berkeley-and-cal-poly-expand-and-enhance-open-source-software-scientific-computing-and-data|title=UC Berkeley and Cal Poly to Expand and Enhance Open-Source Software for Scientific Computing and Data Science {{!}} Helmsley Charitable Trust|accessdate=2018-05-03|work=helmsleytrust.org|language=en|archive-date=2020-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103220158/https://helmsleytrust.org/news/uc-berkeley-and-cal-poly-expand-and-enhance-open-source-software-scientific-computing-and-data|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 2018年5月2日，Jupyter项目指导委员会荣获2017年[[ACM软件系统奖]]，这是一个年度奖项，它表彰“对技术概念和商业接受度方面产生了持久影响的软件系统”的个人或组织。<ref name="acmaward">{{Cite web|url=http://awards.acm.org/software_system/year.cfm|title=Software System Award|accessdate={{Format date|2016|04|28}}|work=ACM Awards|publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]]|archive-date=2016-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505152017/http://awards.acm.org/software_system/year.cfm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== Jupyter ==
=== Online ===
* Binder<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mybinder.org/|title=Binder|accessdate=2019-03-03|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203073813/https://mybinder.org/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* [[Colaboratory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://colab.research.google.com/|title=Colaboratory|accessdate=2019-03-03|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203141626/https://colab.research.google.com/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* Azure Notebooks<ref>{{cite web|url=https://notebooks.azure.com|title=Azure Notebooks|accessdate=2018-12-17|archive-date=2020-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129081457/https://notebooks.azure.com/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

=== Windows ===
* Jupyter Portable<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.portabledevapps.net/|title=Jupyter Portable|accessdate=2019-03-03|archive-date=2020-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202124541/https://www.portabledevapps.net/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*[[Anaconda (Python发行版)]]

=== Mac ===
*[[Anaconda (Python发行版)]]

=== Linux ===
* Jupyter Lab<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html|title=Jupyter Lab|accessdate=2019-03-03|archive-date=2020-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209085112/https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*[[Anaconda (Python发行版)]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== 另请参阅 ==
{{div col|2}}
* [[GNU Octave]]
* [[IPython]]
* [[RStudio]]
* [[Sage|SageMath]]
* [[Scilab]]
* [[Spyder]]
* [[Wolfram Mathematica]]
{{div col end}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{Portal|Free software}}
* {{Official website|https://jupyter.org/}}

[[Category:自由軟體組織]]
[[Category:2015年建立的組織]]
[[Category:嵌入hAudio微格式的條目]]

Jupyter - 版本历史

imported>日期20220626：​/* 产品 */ // Edit via Wikiplus

imported>日期20220626：/* 产品 */ // Edit via Wikiplus