2025年10月4日 (六) 09:49 imported>JimGrassroot

2025-10-04T09:49:20Z

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{{Fusion devices
|name = JT-60
|type = [[托卡馬克]]
|operation = 1985–2010
|size = {{convert|3.4|m|sp=us}}/{{convert|1.0|m|sp=us}}
|major_radius = {{cvt|3.4|m}}
|minor_radius = {{cvt|1.0|m}}
|volume = {{val|90|ul=m3}}
|field = {{cvt|4|T}} (環形)
|field = 4 [[特斯拉|T]] (toroidal)
|heating =
|temperature =
|power =
|time = {{val|65|ul=s}}
|current =
|construction_date =
|operation_start_year = 1985
|operation_end_year = 2010
|prev = JFT-2M
|next = JT-60SA
|location = {{JPN}}[[茨城縣]][[那珂市]]
|website = {{URL|https://www.qst.go.jp/site/jt60-english/}}
|}}

{{Fusion devices
|name = JT-60SA
|image =
|imagetitle =
|type = [[托卡馬克]]
|operation = 2023年10月23日<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qst.go.jp/site/press/20231024-1.html|title=JT-60SA初のプラズマ生成に成功～日欧で取り組む幅広いアプローチ活動で大きなマイルストーンを達成～|website=国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構|date=2023-10-24|access-date=2023-10-27|archive-date=2023-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030163252/https://www.qst.go.jp/site/press/20231024-1.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|major radius = {{convert|3.0|m|sp=us}}
|minor radius = {{convert|1.18|m|sp=us}}
|volume = 140 m³
|field = 2.3 T
|current = 5.5 MA
|heating = 34 MW (NBI) 7 MW (ECRF)
|temperature =
|power =
|time = {{val|100|u=s}}
|current =
|construction_date = 2013–2020
|operation_start_year = 2023
|operation_end_year =
|ongoing = yes
|prev = JT-60U
|next =
|location = {{JPN}}[[茨城縣]][[那珂市]]
|construction_date = 2013
|website = {{url|https://www.jt60sa.org}}
}}
'''JT-60'''（JT stands for Japan Torus）是[[日本]][[日本原子力研究所]]（目前是[[日本原子能研究開發機構]]（JAEA））的[[超導]][[托卡馬克]][[核融合]]裝置，1985年開始運作。<ref name=jt60site>{{cite web|url=http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/index-e.html|title=JT-60 HOME PAGE|publisher=[[Japan Atomic Energy Agency]]|accessdate=5 December 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208095932/http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/index-e.html|archivedate=2015年12月8日}}</ref><ref name=JT-60-history>{{Cite web |url=http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/jt60/project/html/history.html |title=JT-60 Operational History and the Progress of Plasma Performance |accessdate=2016-07-24 |archive-date=2016-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223140234/http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/jt60/project/html/history.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。該裝置於2023年被命名為JT-60SA，是世界上最大的運作中[[超导现象|超導]]托卡马克裝置<ref name="first">{{cite web |date=24 October 2023 |title=First plasma 23 October |url=https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/first-plasma-23-october/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027211642/https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/first-plasma-23-october/ |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=JT-60SA}}</ref>，由[[歐盟]]和日本在[[茨城縣]][[那珂市]]聯合建造和運營。<ref name="JT-60SA">{{cite web |title=What is JT-60SA? |url=https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115015432/https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=JT-60SA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Naka Fusion Institute |url=http://www.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/NAKA-HPe.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701014102/http://www.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/NAKA-HPe.html |archive-date=1 July 2007 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=www.naka.jaea.go.jp}}</ref> SA代表“超級先進[[托卡马克]]”，包括D形[[等離子體]][[截面 (幾何)|截面]]、超導線圈和主動回授控制。

JT-60是具有一个D形极向截面的[[托卡马克]]，类似于[[歐洲聯合環狀反應爐]](JET)。由反应堆得到的实验结果对于[[国际热核聚变实验反应堆]](ITER)实验以及未来的[[托卡马克]]装置有重要意义。

2006年5月9日，JAEA宣布JT-60已达到28.6秒的等离子体持续时间<ref name=long2006>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jaea.go.jp/english/news/p06052303/index.shtml |title=Achievement of long sustainment of a high-confinement, high-pressure plasma in JT-60 - A big step towards extended burn in ITER with the use of ferritic steel - May 2006 |accessdate=2016-09-03 |archive-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616174720/https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/news/p06052303/index.shtml |dead-url=no }}</ref>。JAEA在JT-60中使用新的部件，已经提高了在其强大的纵向磁场保存等离子体的能力。

== 原始設計 ==
JT-60最初設計於1970年代，當時世界主要大國對核融合的興趣日益濃厚。尤其是美國、英國和日本，受到蘇聯T-3在1968年取得的優異性能的激勵，進一步推動了該領域的發展。[[日本原子能研究开发机构]] (JAERI) 自1956年以來一直致力於[[核裂变]]研究，並將研究重點放在了[[核聚变]]上。

JT-60於1985年4月8日投入運行，<ref>{{Cite report|author1=核融合研究センター |date=1986 |title=Annual Report of the Fusion Research Center for the Period of April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1985 |language=ja |publisher=日本原子力研究開発機構 |doi=10.11484/jaeri-m-85-205}}</ref>其性能遠低於預期，與不久前投入運行的[[TFTR]]和[[JET]]非常相似。

在接下來的二十年裡，TFTR、JET和JT-60引領了一系列努力，試圖恢復這些機器最初預期的性能。在此期間，JT-60進行了一次重大改進，即1991年3月的'''JT-60U'''（代表「升級」）。<ref>{{cite book|title=FUSION - Future Energy of the Earth|author=Naka Fusion Institute|publisher=Japan Atomic Energy Agency|page=12|date=June 2008|access-date=25 January 2024|url=https://www.qst.go.jp/uploaded/attachment/5304.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817202150/https://www.qst.go.jp/uploaded/attachment/5304.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>這次改進顯著提升了等離子性能。

==JT-60SA==
[[File:JT-60SA Tokamak.jpg|thumb|2016年正在建造的 JT-60SA。]]

在2010年JT-60已被拆卸，然后通过使用{{le|铌-钛|Niobium-titanium}}[[超导现象|超导]]线圈被升级到JT-60SA<ref name=jt60site/><ref name=JAR2007>[http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/annual/07/html/I.JT-60.html#I_3.3 JAEA 2006-2007 annual report] {{Wayback|url=http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/annual/07/html/I.JT-60.html#I_3.3 |date=20130106154327 }} lots of detail on JT-60SA</ref>。JT-60SA的建设于2013年正式开始，2020年3月完成主体装置建造<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jt60sa.org/b/index_nav_1.htm?n1/introduction.htm|title=The JT-60SA project Introduction|publisher=[[Japan Atomic Energy Agency]]|accessdate=5 December 2015|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025820/http://www.jt60sa.org/b/index_nav_1.htm?n1%2Fintroduction.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2021年3月完成纵场磁铁测试<ref>{{Cite web|title=02.03.2021 – JT-60SA successfully reaches its full design toroidal field – JT-60SA|url=https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/02-03-2021-jt-60sa-successfully-reaches-its-full-design-toroidal-field/|access-date=2021-03-19|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302144918/https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/02-03-2021-jt-60sa-successfully-reaches-its-full-design-toroidal-field/}}</ref>。

2023年10月23日，日本[[量子科學技術研究開發機構]]發佈消息稱，在日本國內的實驗設施中確認了[[等離子體]]，實現了被稱為「First Plasma」的第一階段<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/industry/scienceatechnology/53849-2023-10-26-09-09-26.html|title=日本核融合發電設施初期實驗取得成功|newspaper=日經中文網|date=2023-10-26|accessdate=2023-10-27|archive-date=2023-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026013806/https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/industry/scienceatechnology/53849-2023-10-26-09-09-26.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/first-plasma-23-october/|title=First plasma 23 October|website=JT-60SA|date=2023-10-24|accessdate=2023-10-28|archive-date=2023-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027211642/https://www.jt60sa.org/wp/first-plasma-23-october/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

==參考文獻==
{{Reflist}}

==外部連結==
* {{Official website|http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/index-e.html}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100817185757/http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/jt60/project/html/parameter.html JT-60 diagram and parameters]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070908014439/http://www.jaea.go.jp/jaeri/english/index.html JAERI (English)]
* [http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/science/20060511TDY04004.htm JT-60's Newly Achieved Plasma Record (Japanese) ]{{Wayback|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/science/20060511TDY04004.htm |date=20060603155534 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130106002319/http://www-jt60.naka.jaea.go.jp/english/html/exp_rep/rep36.html World Highest Fusion Triple Product Marked in High-βp H-mode Plasmas - Aug 1996] 1.5*1021 m-3 s keV

{{Fusion experiments}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:日本核能]]
[[Category:日本核技术]]
[[Category:托卡馬克]]

JT-60 - 版本历史

2025年10月4日 (六) 09:49 imported>JimGrassroot