imported>Darkthread：/* 许可证和复刻 */ 增加開發商警告侵權參考來源及相關說明

2025-07-29T12:24:34Z

许可证和复刻：增加開發商警告侵權參考來源及相關說明

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{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=FL}}
{{lowercase}}
{{Infobox software
| name = iText®
| logo =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| developer = iText Group NV
| latest release version = 7.1.14
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2021|01|14}}
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| operating system = [[跨平台]]
| programming language = [[Java]]、[[C♯|C#]] 
| genre = [[函式庫]]
| license = [[AGPLv3]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://itext.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/itext/trunk/itext/src/main/resources/com/itextpdf/text/LICENSE.txt |title=The 'LICENSE.txt' file in iText source code repository |publisher=Itext.svn.sourceforge.net |date= |accessdate=2013-10-26 }}{{Dead link|date=2018年8月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />[[专有软件]]
| website = https://itextpdf.com/
}}

'''iText'''是[[Java]]中用于创建和操作[[PDF]]文件的[[开源]][[程式庫|库]]。它是由Bruno Lowagie、Paulo Soares等人编写的。{{tsl|en|Ohloh}}报告称2001年以来<ref>{{cite web |author=  |url=https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext/commits/summary |title=Ohloh commits summary |publisher=Ohloh.net |date=2013-08-19 |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023100135/https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext/commits/summary |archive-date=2013-10-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>，26个不同的贡献者进行了1万多次提交，超过100多万行代码。<ref>{{cite web |author=  |url=https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext/analyses/latest/languages_summary |title=Ohloh languages summary |publisher=Ohloh.net |date=2013-08-19 |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023100144/https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext/analyses/latest/languages_summary |archive-date=2013-10-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>iText具有一个由大型开发团队维护的完善的、成熟的、活跃度同比持平的代码库。<ref>{{cite web |author=  |url=https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext |title=Ohloh iText overview page |publisher=Ohloh.net |date= |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023100141/https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext |archive-date=2013-10-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>利用[[COCOMO]]模型，花了大约250{{link-en|Man-hour|工时|人年}}的努力后，2000年11月iText项目开始了第一次提交。<ref>{{cite web |author=  |url=https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext/estimated_cost |title=Ohloh Estimated development cost |publisher=Ohloh.net |date=2013-08-19 |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023100138/https://www.ohloh.net/p/itext/estimated_cost |archive-date=2013-10-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

5.0.0版（2009年12月7日发布）后的iText是在[[Affero通用公共许可证]]第3版下分发的。之前版本的iText（Java版的至4.2.1版，和C#版的至4.1.6版）是在[[Mozilla公共许可证]]或[[GNU宽通用公共许可证|LGPL]]下分发的。iText同时由iText软件公司通过一个[[专有软件|专有许可证]]进行分发。iText®是1T3XT BVBA的注册商标

iText已经以iTextSharp的名义移植到[[.NET Framework]]下。iTextSharp是用[[C♯|C#]]编写的，它有一个独立于iText的代码库，但与iText的版本同步。

在2013年中，iText（Java）和iTextSharp（.NET）仅在[[SourceForge]]就有超过500万次的下载量。2013年10月，iText在[[SourceForge]]上每周约有3000次下载<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/itext/ |title=iText on SourceForge |publisher=Sourceforge.net |date= |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029014629/http://sourceforge.net/projects/itext/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>，而iTextSharp每周约有4000次下载<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/itextsharp/ |title=iTextSharp on SourceForge |publisher=Sourceforge.net |date= |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-date=2013-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021082017/http://sourceforge.net/projects/itextsharp/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 特性 ==
开发者可以用iText来：
* 从XML文件或数据库来动态生成PDF文档
* 为浏览器生成PDF文档
* 利用PDF的许多互动功能
* 添加书签、页码、水印、条形码等
* 分割、拼接和处理PDF页面
* 自动填写PDF表单
* 给PDF文件添加数字签名
通常情况下，在具有下列情况之一的项目中会使用iText：
* 内容不是提前准备好的：它基于用户输入或数据库的实时信息来计算、处理。
* 内容太多，PDF文件无法手动生成。
* 在批处理过程中，文档需要在无人值守模式下创建。
* 需要对内容进行定制或个性化。例如，最终用户的名字需要被印在多个页面上。

=== 支持的ISO标准 ===
* ISO 32000-1 (PDF 1.7)
* ISO 19005 ([[PDF/A]])<ref>{{cite web |author=PDF Association |url=http://www.pdfa.org/news/how-to-create-pdfa-3-using-itext |title=How to create PDF/A-3 using iText |publisher=Pdfa.org |date=2013-06-06 |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003152441/http://www.pdfa.org/news/how-to-create-pdfa-3-using-itext/ |archive-date=2013-10-03 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* ISO 14289 ([[PDF/UA]])<ref>[http://duff-johnson.com/2013/02/19/itext-bringing-pdfua-support-to-java-implementations/ iText bringing PDF/UA support to Java Implementations] {{Wayback|url=http://duff-johnson.com/2013/02/19/itext-bringing-pdfua-support-to-java-implementations/ |date=20131026004536 }} by [[Duff Johnson]]</ref>

== 历史 ==
1998年冬天，Bruno Lowagie在[[根特大学]]的一个内部项目开发了一个PDF[[程式庫|库]]——rugPdf，用来创建一个PDF文档应用（针对学生管理用）。rugPdf是一个非常小、很复杂[[程式庫|库]]，实现的功能很少，例如简单的读取和写入PDF文件。为了利用这个[[程式庫|库]]，开发者必须了解PDF语法、对象、运算符和操作数。

1999年，Lowagie抛弃了rugPdf的代码，从头开始写了一个新的[[程式庫|库]]——iText。Lowagie创建iText，意图使Java开发者在不了解PDF语法的情况下也可以使用这个[[程式庫|库]]创建PDF文档，并在2000年2月14日将其作为[[自由及开放源代码软件]]发布。在2000年的夏天，Paulo Soares加盟了这个项目，现在他已经是iText新功能的主要开发者之一。

2007年，《SOA World》（SOA世界）杂志将iText作为企业应该使用的10种开源解决方案之一。[[詹姆斯·高斯林]]称赞iText库，并在Huckster的新版本使用。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.oracle.com/jag/entry/thanks_to_the_itext_folks |title=James Gosling praises iText |publisher=Blogs.oracle.com |date=2007-09-20 |accessdate=2013-10-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215200029/https://blogs.oracle.com/jag/entry/thanks_to_the_itext_folks |archivedate=2013-12-15 }}</ref>[[纽约时报]]还利用iText来创建其公共领域文章的PDF版本。 <ref>{{cite web|author=Derek Gottfrid|title=Self-Service, Prorated Supercomputing Fun!|url=http://open.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/01/self-service-prorated-super-computing-fun/?_php=true&_type=blogs&scp=1&sq=Self-service,%20Prorated%20Super%20Computing%20Fun!&st=cse&_r=0|publisher=Code - Open Blog - NYTimes.com|accessdate=2014-08-11|archive-date=2019-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216165517/https://open.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/01/self-service-prorated-super-computing-fun/?_php=true&_type=blogs&scp=1&sq=Self-service,%20Prorated%20Super%20Computing%20Fun!&st=cse&_r=0|dead-url=no}}</ref>

iText被嵌入在许多产品和服务中，包括[[Eclipse BIRT]]、[[Jasper Reports]]、{{tsl|en|Red Hat JBoss Seam}}、{{tsl|en|Windward Reports}}、[[pdftk]]等等。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://itextpdf.com/references |title=list with references |access-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625050618/http://itextpdf.com/references |archive-date=2014-06-25 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

2008年末，iText的专有许可证可用；2009年初，iText软件公司成立，成为iText产品的全球许可方。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epub01.publitas.com/173/34/ |title=Feature article in Wereldwijs, a monthly magazine by Flanders Investment and Trade (in Dutch) |publisher=Epub01.publitas.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-26 |archive-date=2012-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010045135/http://epub01.publitas.com/173/34/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

2013年，[[德勤]]提名iText软件集团为[[比荷卢联盟]]高科技、高成长50强。该公司在比荷卢联盟中排名第10位，在比利时中排名第3位。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://actueel.deloitte.nl/media/316749/fast50_ranking_2013.pdf |title=Ranking Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Benelux |accessdate=2014-07-15 |archive-date=2013-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014174454/http://actueel.deloitte.nl/media/316749/fast50_ranking_2013.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://datanews.knack.be/ict/nieuws/tien-belgen-in-deloitte-technology-fast50/article-4000420777148.htm |title=DataNews: 10 Belgians in Deloitte's Technology Fast 50 (Dutch article) |accessdate=2014-07-15 |archive-date=2014-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706131953/http://datanews.knack.be/ict/nieuws/tien-belgen-in-deloitte-technology-fast50/article-4000420777148.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digimedia.be/content.php?lng=nl&rubric=News&id=15296 |title=digimedia: the 5 Belgian digital start-ups with the fastest growth rate (Dutch article) |accessdate=2014-07-15 |archive-date=2014-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802231339/http://www.digimedia.be/content.php?lng=nl&rubric=News&id=15296 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-Belgium/Local%20Assets/Documents/NL/Fast50/Krant%20van%20West%20Vlaanderen_Ieper%20heeft%20studenten%20en%20betere%20verbinding%20nod....pdf |title=Deloitte's Fast 50 Newspaper article |accessdate=2014-07-15 |archive-date=2013-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019042925/http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-Belgium/Local%20Assets/Documents/NL/Fast50/Krant%20van%20West%20Vlaanderen_Ieper%20heeft%20studenten%20en%20betere%20verbinding%20nod....pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==许可证和复刻==
iTextSharp 4.1.6/iText 4.2.0之前的版本是在[[MPL]]和[[LGPL]]许可证下發佈的，允许用户在[[闭源软件]]项目中使用。2009年底，iText第5版发布，其许可证被更换为[[Affero通用公共许可证]]第3版。
那些不愿意提供其源代码的项目，可以购买iText第5版的商业许可，或没有任何变化的继续使用iText的以前版本（其许可证更宽松）。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mail-archive.com/itext-questions@lists.sourceforge.net/msg48353.html |title=mailing list discussion |accessdate=2014-07-15 |archive-date=2014-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025031433/http://www.mail-archive.com/itext-questions@lists.sourceforge.net/msg48353.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCwhEWEPV-E Talk about the (A)GPL] {{Wayback|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCwhEWEPV-E |date=20131005163854 }} by Ywein Van den Brande, IP lawyer and technologist</ref>然而，开发商Bruno Lowagie警告说<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kb.itextpdf.com/it5kb/can-itext-2-1-7-itextsharp-4-1-6-or-earlier-be-use|title=Can iText 2.1.7 / iTextSharp 4.1.6 or earlier be used commercially?|website=iText Knowledge Base|accessdate=2025-07-29|archive-date=2025-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527000000/https://kb.itextpdf.com/it5kb/can-itext-2-1-7-itextsharp-4-1-6-or-earlier-be-use|dead-url=no}}</ref>，第5版之前的版本可能包含非LGPL授权的代码，第5版於2007-2009間做過完整法律/原始碼審查，將所有疑似專利爭議/不可授權原始碼一一釐清或移除，因以前版本的闭源项目未經此一處理，故用户可能要为侵犯版权负责。虽然AGPL库可以链接到GPL的程序，但AGPL许可证与GPL许可证不相容。

== 示例 ==
下面的源代码生成一个PDF文件，作为一个[[Hello World]]的例子。
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import com.itextpdf.text.Document;
import com.itextpdf.text.Paragraph;
import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;

public class ITextHelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Document document = new Document();
PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream("HelloWorld.pdf"));
document.open();
document.add(new Paragraph("Hello World"));
document.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>

==延展阅读==
*{{cite book
| title = iText in Action
| last = Lowagie
| first = Bruno
| authorlink = Bruno Lowagie
| date = Summer 2010
| edition = 2nd
| publisher = [[Manning Publications]]
| isbn = 978-1-935182-61-0
| page = 600
| url =
}}
*[http://www.jfree.org/reviews/itextinaction.html Review first edition on JFree.org]{{Wayback|url=http://www.jfree.org/reviews/itextinaction.html |date=20150305065938 }} by David Gilbert
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170112055535/http://www.javalobby.org/articles/itext-in-action/ Review first edition on JavaLobby] by Stephen Kitt
*{{cite book
| title = iText in Action
| last = Lowagie
| first = Bruno
| authorlink = Bruno Lowagie
| date = 8 December 2006
| edition = 1st
| publisher = [[Manning Publications]]
| isbn = 1-932394-79-6
| page = 656
| url =
}}
*[http://www.freiesmagazin.de/ftp/2010/freiesMagazin-2010-12.pdf#page=50 Review second edition in Freies Magazin]{{Wayback|url=http://www.freiesmagazin.de/ftp/2010/freiesMagazin-2010-12.pdf#page=50 |date=20140514200813 }} by Michael Niedermair
*[http://www.jguru.com/article/tools/itext-java-pdf-generator.html PDF Generation Made Easy]{{Wayback|url=http://www.jguru.com/article/tools/itext-java-pdf-generator.html |date=20140810120017 }} by Benoy Jose
*[http://www.adobepress.com/articles/printerfriendly.asp?p=420686 Tools of the Trade, Part 1: Creating PDF documents with iText]{{Wayback|url=http://www.adobepress.com/articles/printerfriendly.asp?p=420686 |date=20121221211342 }} by Jeff Friesen (Adobe Press)
*[http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/06/18/dynamic_files.html Dynamically Creating PDFs in a Web Application]{{Wayback|url=http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/06/18/dynamic_files.html |date=20141018205345 }} by Sean C. Sullivan
*[http://www.bartneck.de/2008/02/28/creating-pdf-files-with-itext/ Creating PDFs with iText]{{Wayback|url=http://www.bartneck.de/2008/02/28/creating-pdf-files-with-itext/ |date=20140626095139 }} by Christoph Bartneck
*[http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-javapdf/ Generate PDF files from Java applications dynamically]{{Wayback|url=http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-javapdf/ |date=20090127025910 }} by Amit Tuli, Staff Software Engineer, IBM
*[http://www.javatips.net/blog/2011/09/create-pdf-with-itext-java-tutorial Create PDF With iText Java Tutorial]{{Wayback|url=http://www.javatips.net/blog/2011/09/create-pdf-with-itext-java-tutorial |date=20140702150007 }}
*[http://www.javatips.net/blog/2011/12/itext-add-insert-image-into-pdf Itext Add / Insert Image Into PDF]{{Wayback|url=http://www.javatips.net/blog/2011/12/itext-add-insert-image-into-pdf |date=20140702173308 }}
*{{cite book
| title = [http://www.mc-store.com/Advanced-Integrated-RPG-Tom-Snyder/dp/1583470956 Advanced Integrated RPG]
| last = Snyder
| first = Thomas
| authorlink = Thomas Snyder
| date = 19 January 2010
| publisher = MC Press
| isbn = 978-1583470954
| page = 400
}} (Chapters [http://editorial.mcpressonline.com/web/mcpdf.nsf/wdocs/5105/$FILE/5105_TOC.pdf 10, 11 and 12]{{Wayback|url=http://editorial.mcpressonline.com/web/mcpdf.nsf/wdocs/5105/$FILE/5105_TOC.pdf |date=20150807032712 }} are dedicated entirely to iText)
*{{cite book
| title = [http://books.google.be/books?id=N6vEfdJws3IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=iText&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RttcUoKMMKnG0QWE1IHYAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=iText&f=false Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development]
| last = Johnson
| first = Rod
| authorlink = Rod Johnson (programmer)
| date = 23 October 2002
| publisher = Wrox
| isbn = 978-0764543852
| page = 768
}} (see section "Generating PDF with iText" starting on p705)
*{{cite book
| title = [http://books.google.be/books?id=LWTbssKt6MUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=iText&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IdtcUuLjBeGl0QXvgoDYCw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=iText&f=false The Definitive Guide to JasperReports]
| url = https://archive.org/details/definitiveguidet0000danc
| last = Danciu
| first = Teodor
| authorlink = Teodor Danciu
| date = 27 August 2007
| publisher = APress
| isbn = 978-1590599273
| page = [https://archive.org/details/definitiveguidet0000danc/page/223 223]
}}
*{{cite book
| title = [http://books.google.be/books?id=1TpDgwNGIK8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=iText&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E9tcUsPeM4m70QWQtICQDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=iText&f=false PDF Explained]
| last = Whitington
| first = John
| authorlink = John Whitington
| date = 10 December 2011
| publisher = O'Reilly
| isbn = 978-1449310028
| page = 142
}}
*{{cite book
| title = [http://books.google.be/books?id=ozWeSBkPQW4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=iText&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E9tcUsPeM4m70QWQtICQDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=iText&f=false PDF Hacks]
| url = https://archive.org/details/pdfhacks0000stew
| last = Steward
| first = Sid
| authorlink = Sid Steward
| date = 23 August 2004
| publisher = O'Reilly
| isbn = 978-0596006556
| page = 298
}} (translated into Italian: [http://books.google.be/books?id=Gp81DTkEw8gC&pg=PA231&dq=iText&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z9pcUse5Mq_I0AWC44CACg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=iText&f=false Acrobat e PDF. Trucchi e segreti]{{Wayback|url=http://books.google.be/books?id=Gp81DTkEw8gC&pg=PA231&dq=iText&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z9pcUse5Mq_I0AWC44CACg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=iText&f=false |date=20190216165518 }})

== 参见 ==
{{Portal|自由软件}}
* [[PDF軟體列表]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== 外部链接 ==
*[http://itextpdf.com iText主页]{{Wayback|url=http://itextpdf.com/ |date=20140716153910 }}
*[http://sourceforge.net/projects/itext/ SourceForge上的iText]{{Wayback|url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/itext/ |date=20140715155456 }}
*[http://sourceforge.net/projects/itextsharp/ SourceForge上的iTextSharp]{{Wayback|url=http://sourceforge.net/projects/itextsharp/ |date=20140715090216 }}
*[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/itext StackOverflow上的iText]{{Wayback|url=http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/itext |date=20140803165018 }}
*[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/itextsharp StackOverflow上的iTextSharp]{{Wayback|url=http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/itextsharp |date=20140709140256 }}
*用来咨询与IText有关问题的支持论坛[https://web.archive.org/web/20131016155525/http://support.itextpdf.com/forum]
*用IText创建PDF文件的第三方指南[http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-itext/index.html]{{Wayback|url=http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-itext/index.html |date=20140702000524 }}
*用IText合并PDF文件的第三方指南[http://www.mindfiresolutions.com/Java-Merging-multiple-PDFs-into-a-single-PDF-using-iText-671.php]{{Wayback|url=http://www.mindfiresolutions.com/Java-Merging-multiple-PDFs-into-a-single-PDF-using-iText-671.php |date=20141020175845 }}
*2012年IText峰会上讲解[[Android]]、[[PDF]]、[[HTML5]]的视频片段[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=itext+summit&oq=itext+summit]{{Wayback|url=https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=itext+summit&oq=itext+summit |date=20191017132733 }}
*Adobe的PDF架构师Leonard Rosenthol在2012年IText峰会上的讲解：[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pkm28bFwGtE PDF及其标准]{{Wayback|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pkm28bFwGtE |date=20140319031316 }}

[[Category:自由PDF软件]]
[[Category:自由排版软件]]
[[Category:用C♯编程的自由软件]]
[[Category:用Java編程的自由軟體]]
[[Category:Java平台]]
[[Category:Java函式庫]]
[[Category:C♯函式庫]]

IText - 版本历史

imported>Darkthread：​/* 许可证和复刻 */ 增加開發商警告侵權參考來源及相關說明

imported>Darkthread：/* 许可证和复刻 */ 增加開發商警告侵權參考來源及相關說明