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{{Infobox Cultivar|name=IR8|genus=[[稻属]]|species=[[稻]]|hybrid=Peta（母本）、低腳烏尖（父本）|group=[[粳稻]]|cultivar=|marketing_names=|origin=[[國際稻米研究所]]}}

'''IR8'''是[[國際稻米研究所]]在1960年代培育出的高產量、半矮性的{{le|水稻品种列表|List of rice cultivars|水稻品种}}，由所內[[亨利·毕彻]]、[[张德慈]]、{{le|蘇拉吉特·庫馬爾·德·達塔|Surajit Kumar De Datta}}等人培育而出。<ref>{{Cite web |title=The brains and brawn behind IR8 |url=https://ricetoday.irri.org/the-brains-and-brawn-behind-ir8/ |website=Rice Today |date=2016-10-25 |access-date=2025-11-08 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219170728/https://ricetoday.irri.org/the-brains-and-brawn-behind-ir8/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 研究 ==
國際稻米研究所在1962年時共培育出38種[[雜交水稻]]，IR8為第8種。<ref name="IRRI2016">{{Cite web |title=IR8: Rice that Changed the World |url=http://irri.org/ir8 |website=International Rice Research Institute |date=2016-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220439/http://irri.org/ir8 |archive-date=2017-10-19}}</ref>IR8由來自[[印尼]]的高產水稻Peta，以及來自[[台灣]]的半矮性水稻「低腳烏尖」（Dee-geo-woo-gen，DGWG）雜交而成。<ref name="BBC2016">{{Cite news |title=IR8: The miracle rice which saved millions of lives |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-38156350 |author=Rowlatt |first=Justin |work=BBC News |date=2016-12-01 |language=en-GB |access-date=2017-01-02 |archive-date=2016-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205162853/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-38156350 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=綠色革命　育種與農業現代化改變全球　雜交育種簡介（三）：糧食作物的育種 |url=https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/121332 |last=豐年雜誌 |work=農傳媒 |date=2024-11-15 |language=zh-TW |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418231524/https://www.agriharvest.tw/archives/121332 |archive-date=2025-04-18 |access-date=2025-11-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RT_Supplement-IR8.pdf |url=http://books.irri.org/RT_Supplement-IR8.pdf |access-date=2025-11-08 |archive-date=2025-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524100311/http://books.irri.org/RT_Supplement-IR8.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>

半矮性水稻因植株較矮而不易在施肥後因植株高度倒伏，再配合Peta的高產量，IR8產量較其他品種大幅提升，讓當時人口快速增加的[[印度]]免於飢荒。<ref name="BBC2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nagano H, Onishi K, Ogasawara M, Horiuchi Y, Sano Y |title=Genealogy of the 'Green Revolution' gene in rice |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ggs/80/5/80_5_351/_article |journal=Genes & Genetic Systems |date=October 2005 |volume=80 |issue=5 |page=351–356 |doi=10.1266/ggs.80.351 |pmid=16394586 |doi-access=free |access-date=2025-11-08 |archive-date=2025-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211083438/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ggs/80/5/80_5_351/_article |dead-url=no }}</ref>IR8適合種在[[熱帶]]灌溉區<ref>{{Cite web |title=The impact of the improved tropical plant type on rice yields in south and southeast Asia. |url=https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19731604855 |date=1973-01-01 |author=R. F., Jr. Chandler}}</ref>，但在[[季风]]降雨量大的地區則不適合。<ref>{{Cite book |title=Beyond IR8: IRRI's Second Decade |url=https://books.google.com.tw/books/about/Beyond_IR8.html?id=5VZCAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y |last= |first= |publisher=International Rice Research Institute |date=1980 |language=en |access-date=2025-11-08 |archive-date=2025-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210121236/https://books.google.com.tw/books/about/Beyond_IR8.html?id=5VZCAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Farmer1977">{{Cite book |title=Green Revolution? Technology and Change in Rice-growing Areas of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka |url=https://archive.org/details/greenrevolutiont0000unse |author=Farmer |first=B. H. |publisher=Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado |date=1977 |isbn=0-89158-709-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greenrevolutiont0000unse/page/n21 1]–6 |chapter=1. Technology and Change in Rice-growing Areas}}</ref>

== 種植 ==
1966年11月，[[菲律宾]]和[[印度]]開始種植IR8，國際稻米研究所和種植IR8的农民稱其為「奇蹟稻」，稱讚其戰勝飢荒。<ref name="Ganzel2007">{{Cite web |title=The Development of "Miracle Rice" Varieties |url=http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/crops_17.html |website=www.livinghistoryfarm.org |date=2007 |language=en |last=Ganzel |first=Bill |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605030808/http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/crops_17.html |archive-date=2017-06-05 |access-date=2017-09-19}}</ref>IR8使亚洲水稻产量从每[[公顷]]1至2公吨提高到每公顷4至5公吨，是[[绿色革命]]的重要作物。但大量種植讓[[生物多樣性]]降低，且其生產量高口感卻不佳，讓國際稻米研究所繼續研究如何改良其口感、對抗病蟲害。<ref name="BBC2016" />

== 參考文獻 ==
{{Reflist}}{{稻}}
[[Category:稻米品種]]

IR8 - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20260407)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

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