https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=HMAC HMAC - 版本历史 2026-07-15T06:40:08Z 在这个wiki上该页的修订历史 MediaWiki 1.43.9 https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?title=HMAC&diff=2392686&oldid=prev imported>Willy1018-bot：​BOTR：批量替換所有lang-xx模板為langx模板 2025-07-02T13:23:59Z <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA/%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82#.E8.AB.8B.E6.B1.82.E6.89.B9.E9.87.8F.E6.9B.BF.E6.8F.9B.E6.89.80.E6.9C.89lang-xx.E6.A8.A1.E6.9D.BF.E7.82.BAlangx.E6.A8.A1.E6.9D.BF" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:机器人/作业请求">BOTR</a>：批量替換所有lang-xx模板為langx模板</p> <p><b>新页面</b></p><div>{{noteTA<br /> |G1=IT<br /> }}<br /> {{Expand English}}<br /> [[File:SHAhmac.svg|thumb|400px|SHA-1 HMAC產生過程]]<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;HMAC&#039;&#039;&#039; (有时扩展为 {{langx|en|keyed-hash message authentication code}}, &#039;&#039;&#039;金鑰雜湊訊息鑑別碼&#039;&#039;&#039;, 或 {{langx|en|hash-based message authentication code}}，&#039;&#039;&#039;雜湊訊息鑑別碼&#039;&#039;&#039;），是一種通過特別計算方式之後產生的[[訊息鑑別碼]]（MAC），使用[[密碼雜湊函數]]，同時結合一個加密金鑰。它可以用來保證資料的完整性，同時可以用來作某個訊息的[[身份驗證]]。<br /> <br /> ==定義==<br /> 根據RFC 2104，HMAC的數學公式為：<br /> &lt;math&gt;<br /> \textit{HMAC}(K, m) = H \Bigl( (K&#039; \oplus opad) \;||\; H \bigl( (K&#039; \oplus ipad) \;||\; m \bigr) \Bigr)<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> 其中：<br /> :&#039;&#039;H&#039;&#039;為密碼[[雜湊函數]]（如[[SHA家族]]）<br /> :&#039;&#039;K&#039;&#039;為[[密鑰]]（secret key）<br /> :&#039;&#039;m&#039;&#039;是要认证的消息<br /> :&#039;&#039;K&#039;&#039;&#039;是从原始密钥&#039;&#039;K&#039;&#039;导出的另一个秘密密钥（如果K短于散列函数的输入块大小，则向右[[填充 (密码学)|填充]]（Padding）零；如果比该块大小更长，则对K进行散列）<br /> :|| 代表[[串接]]<br /> :⊕ 代表[[異或]]（XOR）<br /> :&#039;&#039;opad&#039;&#039; 是外部填充（0x5c5c5c…5c5c，一段[[十六进制]]常量）<br /> :{{Sic|&#039;&#039;ipad&#039;&#039;|hide=yes}} 是内部填充（0x363636…3636，一段十六进制常量）<br /> <br /> ==实现==<br /> 下面的伪代码展示了如何实现HMAC。当使用以下散列函数之一时，块大小为64（字节）：SHA-1、MD5、RIPEMD-128/160&lt;ref&gt;RFC 2104, section 2, &quot;Definition of HMAC&quot;, page 3.&lt;/ref&gt;。<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;function&#039;&#039;&#039; hmac (key, message) &#039;&#039;&#039;{&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;if&#039;&#039;&#039; (length(key) &gt; blocksize) &#039;&#039;&#039;{&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> key = hash(key) &lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;// keys longer than blocksize are shortened&#039;&#039;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;}&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;if&#039;&#039;&#039; (length(key) &lt; blocksize) &#039;&#039;&#039;{&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;// keys shorter than blocksize are zero-padded (where &#039;&#039;∥&#039;&#039; is concatenation)&#039;&#039;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> key = key ∥ [0x00 * (blocksize - length(key))]&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; // Where * is repetition.&#039;&#039;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;}&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> <br /> o_key_pad = [0x5c * blocksize] ⊕ key &lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;// Where blocksize is that of the underlying hash function&#039;&#039;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> i_key_pad = [0x36 * blocksize] ⊕ key &lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;// Where ⊕ is exclusive or (XOR)&#039;&#039;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;return&#039;&#039;&#039; hash(o_key_pad ∥ hash(i_key_pad ∥ message)) &lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;// Where &#039;&#039;∥&#039;&#039; is concatenation&#039;&#039;&lt;/span&gt;<br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;}&#039;&#039;&#039;<br /> <br /> ==相關條目==<br /> *[[SHA家族]]<br /> <br /> ==参考文献==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{密碼學|hash}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:HMAC}}<br /> [[Category:訊息鑑別碼]]</div> imported>Willy1018-bot