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{{Planetbox begin
| name = HD 40307 c
}}
{{Planetbox image
| image =
| caption = 藝術家筆下的 HD 40307 c
}}
{{Planetbox star
| star = [[HD 40307]]
| constell = [[繪架座]]
| RA = {{RA|05|54|04.2409}}<ref name=sb>{{cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+40307|title=HD 40307|accessdate=18 June 2008|work=[[SIMBAD]]|publisher=[[史特拉斯堡天文資料中心|Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]]|year=2008|archive-date=2018-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702131640/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+40307|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| DEC = {{DEC|−60|01|24.498}}<ref name=sb />
| app_mag = 7.17<ref name=sb />
| dist_ly = 41.8 ± 0.3
| dist_pc = 12.83 ± 0.09<ref name=sb />
| class = K2.5V<ref name=sb />
| mass = 0.75{{±|0.03|0.04}}<ref name="geneva">[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/117A/newcat&recno=3947 HD 40307] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F117A%2Fnewcat&recno=3947 |date=20180109063645 }}, database entry, Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood, J. Holmberg et al., 2007, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] database [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/117A V/117A] {{Wayback|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V%2F117A |date=20160208164929 }}, accessed November 19, 2008; described in The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ~14 000 F and G dwarfs, B. Nordström, M. Mayor, J. Andersen, J. Holmberg, F. Pont, B. R. Jørgensen, E. H. Olsen, S. Udry, and N. Mowlavi, ''[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]'' '''418''' (May 2004), pp. 989–1019, {{bibcode|2004A&A...418..989N}}, {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20035959}}.</ref>
| radius = 0.716 ± 0.010<ref name="2massphot">[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=J/A%2bA/450/735/table2&recno=2686 HD 40307] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=J%2FA%2BA%2F450%2F735%2Ftable2&recno=2686 |date=20161021151600 }}, entry, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] database [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?J/A%2bA/450/735 J/A+A/450/735] {{Wayback|url=http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?J%2FA%2BA%2F450%2F735 |date=20180119060617 }}; described in Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry, E. Masana, C. Jordi, and I. Ribas, ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''450''', #2 (May 2006), pp. 735–746. {{bibcode|2006A&A...450..735M}}. {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20054021}}.</ref>
| temperature = 4977 ± 59<ref name="mayor08" />
| metallicity = −0.31 ± 0.03<ref name="mayor08" />
| age = 1.2 (≥ 0.2)<ref name="geneva" />
}}
{{Planetbox orbit
| semimajor = 0.081<ref name="mayor08">{{cite journal|author= M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|arxiv=0806.4587|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..639M |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|year= 2009|journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639–644 }}</ref>
| eccentricity = 0.0<ref name="mayor08" />
| period = 9.620 ± 0.002<ref name="mayor08" />
| semi-amp = 2.47 ± 0.11<ref name="mayor08" />
}}
{{Planetbox character
| minimum_mass_earth = 6.8<ref name="mayor08" />
}}
{{Planetbox discovery
| discovery_date = 2008年6月16日
| discoverers = [[米歇爾·麥耶]]（Michel Mayor）所領導的小組
| discovery_method = [[徑向速度|徑向速度法]] （[[高精度徑向速度行星搜索器|HARPS]]）
| discovery_site = [[智利]][[拉西拉天文台]]（La Silla Observatory）
| discovery_status = 已公開<ref name="mayor08" />
}}
{{Planetbox reference
| star = HD+40307
| planet = c
}}
{{Planetbox end}}

'''HD 40307 b'''是一個環繞恆星[[HD 40307]]的[[太陽系外行星]]，距離地球約42光年，位於[[繪架座]]。該行星是使用 [[高精度徑向速度行星搜索器|HARPS]] 以[[徑向速度|徑向速度法]]發現於2008年6月。是環繞 [[HD 40307]] 中三個體積比地球大的[[超級地球]]中第二大的。該行星引人注目的是其母恆星相對低的[[金屬量]]，因此有說法認為不同金屬量的[[原恆星]]會形成不同形式的行星。

==發現==
就和環繞 HD 40307 的另外兩顆系外行星 [[HD 40307 b]] 和 [[HD 40307 d]]一樣，HD 40307 c是由恆星徑向速度變化的量測發現的。這些量測是使用[[智利]][[拉西拉天文台]][[高精度徑向速度行星搜索器]]進行<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7457307.stm|title=Trio of 'super-Earths' discovered|author=Mayor|coauthors=Mayor et al.|date=2008-06-16|work=BBC news|accessdate=2008-06-16|archive-date=2012-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305170221/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7457307.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。該發現是在2008年6月中於法國南特舉行的天文學會議宣布<ref name=BBC />。

==軌道與質量==
HD 40307 c的質量是該行星系統中質量第二高的行星，質量下限是6.8倍地球質量，介於較小的 [[HD 40307 b]] 和較大的 [[HD 40307 d]] 之間<ref name="mayor08" />。HD 40307 c 的軌道半徑是0.081 [[天文單位|AU]]；因此其公轉周期大約是9.6日。徑向速度資料的分析上不足以確認它的軌道偏心率是否偏高<ref name="mayor08" />。

HD 40307 b的母恆星 [[HD 40307]] 金屬量比其他有行星系的恆星低。這代表一個可能性是在恆星形成時的金屬量決定原恆星的吸積盤內會形成氣體巨行星或類地行星<ref name="mayor08" />。

==行星特性==
儘管 HD 40307 c 至少有6.9倍地球質量，但可能不足以形成氣體巨行星。在2009年這個概念面臨挑戰，有研究認為 HD 40307 c 如果是類地行星，將會相當不穩定，潮汐加熱可能會使其產生比木星衛星木衛一上更強烈的火山活動，外在的限制似乎和類地行星相關，但這並不會限制天王星和海王星這樣的氣體巨行星<ref>{{cite journal|arxiv=0901.1698|author=Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R.|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-04-20_695_2/page/1006|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|year=2009|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006|bibcode=2009ApJ...695.1006B}}</ref>。但是 HD 40307 c 是經由徑向速度發現，而非直接攝影或凌日法。目前仍無法確認半徑、組成物質、可能表面溫度等特性<ref>Characterizing Extrasolar Planets, Timothy M. Brown, chapter 3, ''Extrasolar Planets: XVI Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics'', edited by Hans Deeg, Juan Antonio Belmonte, and Antonio Aparicio, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007, ISBN 0521868084.</ref>。

因為強力的潮汐力可能摧毀距離母恆星相當接近行星的較大衛星<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2002ApJ...575.1087B|author=Barnes, J., O'Brien, D.|title=Stability of Satellites around Close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2002-08-20_575_2/page/1086|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=575|issue=2|pages=1087–1093|year=2002|doi=10.1086/341477|arxiv = astro-ph/0205035 }}</ref>，HD 40307 c 可能沒有衛星。

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

==外部連結==
* {{cite web | url=http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/etoile.php?nom=HD+40307 | title=HD 40307 | work=Exoplanets | access-date=2011-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130015529/http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/etoile.php?nom=HD+40307 | archive-date=2016-11-30 | dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite web | url=http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/planete.php?etoile=HD+40307&planete=c | title=HD 40307 c | work=Exoplanets | access-date=2011-12-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304130854/http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/planete.php?etoile=HD+40307&planete=c | archive-date=2012-03-04 | dead-url=yes }}

{{Sky|05|54|04.2409|-|60|01|24.498|41.8}}

[[Category:超級地球]]
[[Category:繪架座]]
[[Category:2008年发现的系外行星]]

HD 40307 c - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 2 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 2 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot