imported>Jimmy-bot：机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:橙矮星→Cat:K型主序星）

2024-06-25T11:24:53Z

机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:橙矮星→Cat:K型主序星）

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{{Starbox begin
| name = [[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD]] 40307
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[Image:Location of HD 40307.png|250px]]
| caption = HD 40307 在天球上的位置。該恆星以 "Pictor" 下方紅色菱形標示。
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = [[J2000.0]] ([[International Celestial Reference System|ICRS]])
| constell = [[繪架座]]
| ra = {{RA|05|54|04.2409}}<ref name=sb>{{SIMBAD link|HD+40307|HD 40307}}, entry, [[SIMBAD]]. Accessed online June 18, 2008.</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|−60|01|24.498}}<ref name=sb />
| appmag_v = 7.17<ref name=sb />
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = K2.5V<ref name=sb />
| u-b =
| b-v = 0.93<ref name=sb />
| v-r =
| r-i =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = +30.4 ± 0.2<ref name=sb />
| prop_mo_ra = −51.76 <ref name=sb />
| prop_mo_dec = −60.44 <ref name=sb />
| parallax = 77.95
| p_error = 0.53
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=sb />
| absmag_v = 6.63<ref group="note">基於視星等和視差：<math>\scriptstyle M_V = m_V - 5 \log_{10} \left( \frac{100}{\mathrm{parallax\ in\ milliarcseconds}} \right)</math></ref>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = 0.75{{±|0.03|0.04}}<ref name="geneva">[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/117A/newcat&recno=3947 HD 40307] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F117A%2Fnewcat&recno=3947 |date=20180109063645 }}, database entry, Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood, J. Holmberg et al., 2007, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] database [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/117A V/117A] {{Wayback|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V%2F117A |date=20160208164929 }}, accessed November 19, 2008; described in The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ~14 000 F and G dwarfs, B. Nordström, M. Mayor, J. Andersen, J. Holmberg, F. Pont, B. R. Jørgensen, E. H. Olsen, S. Udry, and N. Mowlavi, ''[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]'' '''418''' (May 2004), pp. 989–1019, {{bibcode|2004A&A...418..989N}}, {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20035959}}.</ref>
| radius = 0.716 ± 0.010<ref name="2massphot">[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=J/A%2bA/450/735/table2&recno=2686 HD 40307] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=J%2FA%2BA%2F450%2F735%2Ftable2&recno=2686 |date=20161021151600 }}, entry, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] database [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?J/A%2bA/450/735 J/A+A/450/735] {{Wayback|url=http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?J%2FA%2BA%2F450%2F735 |date=20180119060617 }}; described in Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry, E. Masana, C. Jordi, and I. Ribas, ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''450''', #2 (May 2006), pp. 735–746. {{bibcode|2006A&A...450..735M}}. {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20054021}}.</ref>
| gravity = 4.47 ± 0.16<ref name="mayor08">{{cite journal|author= M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|journal= ''Submitted to'' Astronomy and Astrophysics|bibcode=2009A&A...493..639M|arxiv=0806.4587|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|year= 2009|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639}}</ref>
| luminosity_bolometric = 0.23<ref name="mayor08" />
| luminosity_visual = 0.19<ref group="note">基於 HD 40307 的可見光絕對星等<math>\scriptstyle M_{V_{\ast}}=6.63</math> 和太陽的可見光絕對星等 <math>\scriptstyle M_{V_{\odot}}=4.83</math>，可見光的光度可依下式計算：<math>\scriptstyle \frac{L_{V_{\ast}}}{L_{V_{\odot}}}=10^{0.4\left(M_{V_{\odot}} - M_{V_{\ast}}\right)}</math></ref>
| temperature = 4977 ± 59<ref name="mayor08" />
| metal = [Fe/H] = −0.31 ± 0.03<ref name="mayor08" />
| rotation = ~48 days<ref name="mayor08" />
| rotational_velocity = 3<ref name=geneva />
| age = 1.2 (≥ 0.2) × 109<ref name=geneva />
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = [[Durchmusterung|CD]]−60 1303, [[Durchmusterung|CPD]]−60 508, [[Boss General Catalogue|GC]] 7474, [[Gliese-Jahreiss catalogue|GJ]] 2046, [[Hipparcos Catalogue|HIP]] 27887, [[PPM Star Catalogue|PPM]] 355061, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 249388.<ref name=sb />
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = HD+40307
| NSTED = HD+40307
| ARICNS = 02347
| EPE = HD+40307
}}
{{starbox end}}

'''HD 40307'''是一個位於[[繪架座]]的[[橙矮星]]，距離地球約42光年。它的名稱是來自[[HD星表]]。HD 40307 的質量稍微小於太陽。它在大約1900年或之前被觀測到，收錄於[[波恩星表]]<ref>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/108/cpd&recno=379090 CPD−60 508] {{Wayback|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I%2F108%2Fcpd&recno=379090 |date=20160303210957 }}, database entry, Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (CPD), D. Gill and J. C. Kapetyn, 1895–1900, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/108 I/108] {{Wayback|url=http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I%2F108 |date=20080423225544 }}.</ref>。2008年發現該恆星有三顆[[系外行星]]環繞<ref name=sb /><ref name=msnbc>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25191635/ Three super-Earths found around one star] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25191635/ |date=20121023214849 }}, Jeanna Bryner, [[MSNBC]], June 16, 2008. Accessed on line June 18, 2008.</ref>。2012年再發現另外三顆行星環繞該恆星。新發現的這三顆行星中，[[HD 40307 g]]是一顆公轉週期約200日的[[超級地球]]，並且液態水也許可以存在於它的表面（仍需進一步觀測資料確認）<ref name="latimes-nov12">[http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earthlike-planet-water-atmosphere-red-light-20121107,0,2600859.story Possible Earth-like planet could hold water; scientists cautious] {{Wayback|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earthlike-planet-water-atmosphere-red-light-20121107,0,2600859.story |date=20131221082108 }}, Amina Khan, [[洛杉磯時報|Los Angeles Times]], November 7, 2012. Accessed on line November 8, 2012.</ref><ref name="tuomi12">{{cite arXiv |last= Tuomi, Anglada-Escude, Gerlach, Jones, Reiners, Rivera, Vogt, Butler|first= Mikko, Guillem, Enrico, Hugh R. R., Ansgar, Eugenio J., Steven S., R. Paul|authorlink= |eprint= 1211.1617|title= Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307|class= astro-ph|year= 2012|version= v1|accessdate= November 8, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Space-20121107a">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title='Super-Earth' Alien Planet May Be Habitable for Life |url=http://www.space.com/18393-alien-planet-super-earth-habitable-hd-40307g.html |date=November 7, 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=November 8, 2012 |archive-date=2020-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107051724/https://www.space.com/18393-alien-planet-super-earth-habitable-hd-40307g.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Space-20121107b">{{cite web |last=Tate |first=Karl |title=Super-Earth Planet: Potentially Habitable Alien World Explained (Infographic) |url=http://www.space.com/18390-super-earth-exoplanet-habitable-zone-infographic.html |date=November 7, 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=November 8, 2012 |archive-date=2019-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718124333/https://www.space.com/18390-super-earth-exoplanet-habitable-zone-infographic.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==觀測歷史與名稱==
'''HD 40307'''這個名稱是來自[[HD星表]]。該星表是基於1911到1915年[[安妮·坎农]]和其合作者分析的恆星光譜分類資料，並於1918和1924年出版<ref>pp. 214–215 in The Henry Draper Memorial, Annie J. Cannon, ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada'' '''9''', #5 (May–June 1915), pp. 203–215, {{bibcode|1915JRASC...9..203C}}.</ref><ref>The Henry Draper Catalogue, Annie J. Cannon and Edward C. Pickering, ''Annals of Harvard College Observatory''; hours 0 to 3, '''91''' (1918), {{bibcode|1918AnHar..91....1C}}; hours 4 to 6, '''92''' (1918), {{bibcode|1918AnHar..92....1C}}; hours 7 to 8, '''93''' (1919), {{bibcode|1919AnHar..93....1C}}; hours 9 to 11, '''94''' (1919), {{bibcode|1919AnHar..94....1C}}; hours 12 to 14, '''95''' (1920), {{bibcode|1920AnHar..95....1C}}; hours 15 to 16, '''96''' (1921), {{bibcode|1921AnHar..96....1C}}; hours 17 to 18, '''97''' (1922), {{bibcode|1922AnHar..97....1C}}; hours 19 to 20, '''98''' (1923), {{bibcode|1923AnHar..98....1C}}; hours 21 to 23, '''99''' (1924), {{bibcode|1924AnHar..99....1C}}.</ref>。它不像[[天狼星]]等恆星有固有名稱。

==特徵==
HD 40307是一個[[恆星光譜|光譜類型]] K-型的恆星，屬於[[橙矮星]]<ref name=sb />。此外，它的半徑和質量大約是太陽的四分之三<ref name="geneva" />。HD 40307觀測到的表面溫度稍低於5000 [[热力学温标|K]]，這在 K-型恆星中相對溫度較高，相當接近太陽這類典型 G-型恆星的表面溫度<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/strobel/starprop/strpropd.htm|title=Properties of Stars|accessdate=27 November 2008|work=Astronomy Notes|publisher=Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics|year=2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622012045/http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/strobel/starprop/strpropd.htm|archivedate=2008年6月22日|deadurl=yes}}</ref>。

發現HD 40307周圍系外行星的天文學家認為，母恆星的金屬量會決定形成的行星會是像[[地球]]這樣的[[類地行星]]或者是[[木星]]這類的[[氣體巨行星]]<ref name="arXiv">{{cite journal|author= M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|journal= ''Submitted to'' Astronomy & Astrophysics|bibcode=2009A&A...493..639M|arxiv=0806.4587|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|year= 2009|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639}}</ref>。

=== 距離和亮度 ===
儘管HD 40307距離地球大約42光年，其[[星等|視星等]]是7.17<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/stars/magnitudes.html|title=Stellar Magnitudes|accessdate=20 November 2008|work=Astrophysics 162 Unit|publisher=[[田納西大學|University of Tennessee]]|year=2008|archive-date=2020-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512175551/http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/stars/magnitudes.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。大約41.3萬年前HD 40307距離地球只有大約6.4光年<ref name="Bobylev:arXiv1003.2160">{{cite journal
|last=Bobylev |first=Vadim V.
|title=Searching for Stars Closely Encountering with the Solar System |journal=Astronomy Letters
|volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=220–226
|doi=10.1134/S1063773710030060
|arxiv=1003.2160 |bibcode=2010AstL...36..220B|date=March 2010}}</ref>。

==行星系==
[[Image:HD40307.svg|thumb|250px|left|HD 40307 所屬三顆行星的軌道。]]
在經過五年的觀測以後<ref name=SOL>{{cite web |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/hd40307.htm |title=HD 40307 / CD-60 1303 |accessdate=27 November 2008 |work=SolStation |publisher=Sol Company |year=2008 |archive-date=2013-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516160751/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/hd40307.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>，[[歐洲南天天文台]]於2008年6月宣布在該顆恆星周圍找到三顆[[超級地球]]。這三顆恆星都使用[[高精度徑向速度行星搜索器]]以[[徑向速度]]法發現<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7457307.stm|title=Trio of 'super-Earths' discovered|author1=Mayor|display-authors=et al.|date=2008-06-16|work=BBC news|accessdate=2008-06-16|archive-date=2012-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305170221/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7457307.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這三顆行星都相當接近母恆星<ref name="mayor08" />，最遠的一顆距離母恆星的距離只有[[水星]]和太陽距離的三分之一 <ref name="#1">{{cite web|title=Mercury Fact Sheet|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html|publisher=[[NASA]] Goddard Space Flight Center|date=November 30, 2007|accessdate=2008-11-12|archive-date=2015-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106171436/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref group=note>水星軌道半徑大約0.39 AU</ref>。這些行星質量比地球大，但可能小於[[天王星]]和[[海王星]]<ref name=mayor08 />。動力系統的分析認為這三顆行星是氣體巨行星，而非類地行星<ref name="#3">{{cite journal|last=Barnes|first=Rory|date=January 13, 2009|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|arxiv=0901.1698|bibcode = 2009ApJ...695.1006B |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006|last2=Jackson|first2=Brian|last3=Raymond|first3=Sean N.|last4=West|first4=Andrew A.|last5=Greenberg|first5=Richard|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006 }}</ref>。徑向速度的量測存在一個線性的趨勢，暗示可能有另一個週期較長的伴星存在<ref name="mayor08"/>。

2012年另一個由[[赫特福德大學]]的天文學家[[米科·圖米]]（Mikko Tuomi）帶領的團隊獨立分析資料後確認HD 40307另外有三顆行星存在<ref name="latimes-nov12" /><ref name="tuomi12" />。

系統中的5顆行星非常靠近母恆星<ref name="tuomi12" />，而這5顆行星最遠者距離母恆星相當於水星和太陽距離的一半<ref name="#1"/>。最外側的第6顆行星與母恆星距離接近太陽和金星距離，位於能讓[[地球之外的液態水|液態水]]存在的[[適居帶]]<ref name="tuomi12" />。

該行星系統中各行星的[[質量下限]]在3到10倍[[地球質量]]之間，介於地球和天王星或海王星之間<ref name="tuomi12" />。最內側行星的動力學分析顯示[[HD 40307 c]]和[[HD 40307 d]]是氣體巨行星，而[[HD 40307 b]]是類地行星<ref name="#3"/>。最新的發現也代表經由動力學分析可能會有行星真實質量遠高於質量下限的狀況<ref name="tuomi12" />。

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = <ref name="tuomi12" />
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 40307 b|b]]
| mass_earth = ≥ 4.0 {{±|0.8|0.7}}
| period = 4.3123 {{±|0.0011|0.0012}}
| semimajor = 0.0468 {{±|0.0023|0.0024}}
| eccentricity = 0.20 {{±|0.16|0.14}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 40307 c|c]]
| mass_earth = ≥ 6.6 {{±|1.1|1.0}}
| period = 9.6184 {{±|0.0050|0.0049}}
| semimajor = 0.0799 ± 0.0040
| eccentricity = 0.06 {{±|0.06|0.11}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 40307 d|d]]
| mass_earth = ≥ 9.5 {{±|1.7|1.5}}
| period = 20.432 {{±|0.022|0.024}}
| semimajor = 0.1321 {{±|0.0066|0.0064}}
| eccentricity = 0.07 {{±|0.11|0.07}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 40307 e|e]]
| mass_earth = ≥ 3.5 ± 1.4
| period = 34.62 {{±|0.21|0.20}}
| semimajor = 0.1886 {{±|0.083|0.0104}}
| eccentricity = 0.15 {{±|0.13|0.15}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 40307 f|f]]
| mass_earth = ≥ 5.2 {{±|1.5|1.6}}
| period = 51.76 {{±|0.50|0.46}}
| semimajor = 0.247 {{±|0.011|0.014}}
| eccentricity = 0.02 {{±|0.20|0.02}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 40307 g|g]]
| mass_earth = ≥ 7.1 ± 2.6
| period = 197.8 {{±|9.0|5.7}}
| semimajor = 0.600 {{±|0.034|0.033}}
| eccentricity = 0.29 {{±|0.31|0.29}}
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}

== 參見 ==
* [[確定存在的太陽系外行星列表]]
* 其他2008年6月發現有系外行星的恆星：
** [[HD 181433]]
** [[HD 47186]]
** [[MOA-2007-BLG-192L]]

==注釋==
<references group="note" />

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

==外部連結==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081007085709/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2008/pr-19-08.html A Trio of Super-Earths: A harvest of low-mass exoplanets discovered with HARPS], press release, [[歐洲南方天文台|European Southern Observatory]], ESO 19/08, June 16, 2008.

{{-}}
{{HD 40307}}
{{位於40-45光年範圍內的恆星系統}}

[[Category:HD和HDE天體|040307]]
[[Category:HIP天體|027887]]
[[Category:格利泽和GJ天体|2046]]
[[Category:K型主序星]]
[[Category:绘架座]]
[[Category:行星系]]

HD 40307 - 版本历史

imported>Jimmy-bot：​机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:橙矮星→Cat:K型主序星）

imported>Jimmy-bot：机器人: 尚未清空的已重定向分类（Cat:橙矮星→Cat:K型主序星）