imported>薛定谔的呼噜猫：/* growthexperiments-addsectionimage-summary-summary: 1 */

2026-05-13T06:33:33Z

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{{Starbox begin
| name = [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 12661
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[Image:HD 12661 orbit.svg|250px]]
| caption = HD 12661行星系軌道示意圖}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| constell = [[白羊座]]
| ra = {{RA|02|04|34.28834}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec = {{DEC|+25|24|51.5031}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| appmag_v = 7.42<ref name=gliclas1971/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = G6 V<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>
| b-v = +0.71<ref name=gliclas1971/>
| u-b = +0.33<ref name=gliclas1971/>
| variable = }}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v =
| prop_mo_ra = -107.12<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = -174.69<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax = 28.61
| p_error = 0.61
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| absmag_v = 4.58<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = 1.07<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>–1.10<ref name=apj622_2_1102/>
| radius = 1.096<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>–1.12<ref name=apj622_2_1102/>
| luminosity = 1.22<ref name=apj622_2_1102/>
| temperature = 5,754<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>
| metal_fe = {{nowrap|0.29 ± 0.05}}<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>
| rotational_velocity = 1.20<ref name=apj622_2_1102/>
| gravity = 4.43<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>
| age_gyr = 7.17<ref name=ajl741_1_L23/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names=[[Durchmusterung|BD]]+24 298, [[Hipparcos Catalogue|HIP]] 9683, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 75125.<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=HD+12661
| ARICNS =
}}
{{starbox sources|HIP|CCDM|HR}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''HD 12661'''是一顆位於[[白羊座]]的[[黃矮星]]，它的質量和體積稍高於太陽。它的年齡約70億年，已知有兩顆[[系外行星]]存在。

==恆星狀態==
HD 12661的視星等是7.42<ref name=gliclas1971/>，必須以口徑6公分以上望遠鏡觀測<ref name=sherrod_koed2003/>。[[視差]]方式量測它和地球的距離是114光年（35秒差距），誤差範圍是±2光年<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>。它的[[恆星光譜|光譜類型]]是G6 V，屬於核心正在進行氫融合的[[主序星]]。它的表面[[有效溫度]]大約5,754 K<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>，因此是屬於呈黃色的G型恆星<ref name=csiro/>。根據恆星結構模型，它的半徑大約是太陽的107%到112%，質量則大約是太陽的107%到110%<ref name=apj551_2_1107/><ref name=apj622_2_1102/>。

恆星年齡越大，它的[[恆星自轉|自轉]]速度會逐漸降低，並且在[[色球]]中的[[恆星磁場|磁場]]強度也會下降。因此量測來自色球的發射線可以量測恆星的年齡，尤其是年齡少於20億年的光譜類型F和G型的主序星。不過這個技術對於年齡56億年以上恆星時精確度較差。基於來自色球的發射線量測，HD 12661年齡比太陽老，約70億年<ref name=aaa443_2_609/>。它的[[恆星自轉|投影自轉速度]]是相當低的1.20 km/s，代表它是一顆較老的恆<ref name=apj622_2_1102/>。天文學家同時也使用在恆星核心內核融合時會被摧毀的元素鋰的含量來測定年齡，但它的精確度較差；鋰含量測定的結果大約是44億年<ref name=aaa443_2_609/>。

在天文學上氫和氦以外的元素都稱為[[金屬量|金屬]]，而HD 12661的金屬量異常地高於太陽。高金屬量恆星已被發現和擁有多顆行星的行星系有[[相關 (概率論)|統計上的相關性]]<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>。這可能是因為系統中有行星離開了軌道，最後遭到恆星吞噬，使恆星表面金屬量偏高<ref name=apj690_L1/>。

==行星系統==
[[File:HD 12661 b (Celestia).jpg|thumb|HD 12661行星系中的 b 行星]]
該恆星旁於2001年由利克天文台和凱克天文台以精準的徑向速度變化量測發現第一顆系外行星。徑向速度的週期性變化讓天文學家可以此測定行星的軌道週期和質量下限<ref name=apj551_2_1107/>。第二顆行星則是相同團隊在2年後發現<ref name=apj586_2_1394/>，兩顆行星的質量都高於木星<ref name=apj693_2_1084/>。

這個系統在動力學上是不穩定的<ref name=aaa398_3_1151/><ref name=apj628_2_1006/>。這個系統是在相對罕見的狀態下存在或者有另一顆未知的行星影響了徑向速度觀測值，使已觀測到的行星軌道離心率演化<ref name=apj690_L1/>。

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = <ref name=apj693_2_1084/> }}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 12661 b|b]]
| mass = {{nowrap|>2.30 ± 0.19}}
| period = {{nowrap|262.709 ± 0.083}}
| semimajor = {{nowrap|0.831 ± 0.048}}
| eccentricity = {{nowrap|0.3768 ± 0.0077}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[HD 12661 c|c]]
| mass = {{nowrap|>1.92 ± 0.16}}
| period = {{nowrap|1708 ± 14}}
| semimajor = {{nowrap|2.90 ± 0.17}}
| eccentricity = {{nowrap|0.031 ± 0.022}}
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}

==參見==
*[[確定存在的太陽系外行星列表]]

==參考資料==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{cite journal | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 |date=November 2007}}</ref>

<ref name=apj551_2_1107>{{citation | display-authors=1 | first1=Debra A. | last1=Fischer | last2=Marcy | first2=Geoffrey W. | last3=Butler | first3=R. Paul | last4=Vogt | first4=Steven S. | last5=Frink | first5=Sabine | last6=Apps | first6=Kevin | title=Planetary Companions to HD 12661, HD 92788, and HD 38529 and Variations in Keplerian Residuals of Extrasolar Planets | journal=The [[Astrophysical Journal]] | year=2001 | volume=551 | issue=2 | pages=1107–1118 | doi=10.1086/320224 | bibcode=2001ApJ...551.1107F }}</ref>

<ref name=apj586_2_1394>{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | first1=Debra A. | last1=Fischer | last2=Marcy | first2=Geoffrey W. | last3=Butler | first3=R. Paul | last4=Vogt | first4=Steven S. | last5=Henry | first5=Gregory W. | last6=Pourbaix | first6=Dimitri | last7=Walp | first7=Bernard | last8=Misch | first8=Anthony A. | last9=Wright | first9=Jason T. | title=A Planetary Companion to HD 40979 and Additional Planets Orbiting HD 12661 and HD 38529 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2003-04-01_586_2/page/1394 | journal=The [[Astrophysical Journal]] | year=2003 | volume=586 | issue=2 | pages=1394–1408 | doi=10.1086/367889 | bibcode=2003ApJ...586.1394F }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa398_3_1151>{{cite journal | first1=K. | last1=Gozdziewski | title=Stability of the HD 12661 Planetary System | journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] | volume=398 | issue=3 | pages=1151–1161 | year=2003 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021713 | bibcode=2003A&A...398.1151G }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa443_2_609>{{citation | last1=Saffe | first1=C. | last2=Gómez | first2=M. | last3=Chavero | first3=C. | title=On the ages of exoplanet host stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=443 | issue=2 | pages=609–626 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053452 | bibcode=2005A&A...443..609S |arxiv = astro-ph/0510092 |date=November 2005}}</ref>

<ref name=apj628_2_1006>{{cite journal | last1=Rodríguez | first1=Adrián | last2=Gallardo | first2=Tabaré | title=The Dynamics of the HD 12661 Extrasolar Planetary System | journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=628 | issue=2 | pages=1006–11013 | year=2005 | doi=10.1086/430816 | bibcode=2005ApJ...628.1006R }}</ref>

<ref name=apj690_L1>{{cite journal | title=Secular evolution of HD 12661: a system caught at an unlikely time | year=2008 | first1=Dimitri | last1=Veras | last2=Ford | first2=Eric B. | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=690 | pages=L1–L4 | arxiv=0811.0001v1 | bibcode = 2009ApJ...690L...1V | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/L1 }}</ref>

<ref name=apj693_2_1084>{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Wright | first1=J. T. | last2=Upadhyay | first2=S. | last3=Marcy | first3=G. W. | last4=Fischer | first4=D. A. | last5=Ford | first5=Eric B. | last6=Johnson | first6=John Asher | title=Ten New and Updated Multi-planet Systems, and a Survey of Exoplanetary Systems| url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-03-10_693_2/page/1084 | journal=The [[Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=693 | issue=2 | year=2009 | pages=1084–1099 | format=abstract | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1084 | bibcode=2009ApJ...693.1084W | arxiv=0812.1582 }}</ref>

<ref name=apj622_2_1102>{{citation | last1=Fischer | first1=Debra A. | last2=Valenti | first2=Jeff | title=The Planet-Metallicity Correlation | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=622 | issue=2 | pages=1102–1117 | doi=10.1086/428383 | bibcode=2005ApJ...622.1102F |date=April 2005}}</ref>

<ref name=sherrod_koed2003>{{citation | first1=P. Clay | last1=Sherrod | first2=Thomas L. | last2=Koed | title=A Complete Manual of Amateur Astronomy: Tools and Techniques for Astronomical Observations | series=Astronomy Series | publisher=Courier Dover Publications | year=2003 | isbn=0-486-42820-6 | page=9 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4zjv84hHNPcC&pg=PA9 | accessdate=2012-09-09 | archive-date=2014-01-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104151449/http://books.google.com/books?id=4zjv84hHNPcC&pg=PA9 | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=G 72-54 -- High proper-motion Star | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+12661 | accessdate=2012-09-09 | archive-date=2020-11-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118024605/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+12661 | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name=gliclas1971>{{citation | last1=Giclas | first1=H. L. | last2=Burnham | first2=R. | last3=Thomas | first3=N. G. | title=Lowell proper motion survey Northern Hemisphere. The G numbered stars. 8991 stars fainter than magnitude 8 with motions > 0".26/year | location=Flagstaff, Arizona | publisher=Lowell Observatory | year=1971 | bibcode=1971lpms.book.....G }}</ref>

<ref name=ajl741_1_L23>{{citation | last1=Koriski | first1=Shuki | last2=Zucker | first2=Shay | title=On the Ages of Planetary Systems with Mean-motion Resonances | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume=741 | issue=1 | page=L23 | doi=10.1088/2041-8205/741/1/L23 | bibcode=2011ApJ...741L..23K |arxiv = 1109.6671 |date=November 2011}}</ref>

<ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | accessdate=2012-01-16 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | archive-date=2012-03-10 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>

}}

==外部連結==
*{{cite web|url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+12661|title=Notes for star HD 12661|work=The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia|accessdate=2006-04-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505100541/http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=HD+12661|archivedate=2012-05-05}}
*{{cite web|url=http://exoplanets.org/esp/hd12661/hd12661.shtml|title=Two Planets Around HD 12661|work=California & Carnegie Planet Search|accessdate=2006-04-14|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006063439/http://www.exoplanets.org/esp/hd12661/hd12661.shtml|dead-url=no}}
* [http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rory/research/xsp/dynamics/ Extrasolar Planet Interactions]{{Wayback|url=http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rory/research/xsp/dynamics/ |date=20160505160348 }} by Rory Barnes & Richard Greenberg, Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213202113/http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_skymap.cfm?Star=137 Local Sky Map]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120819062513/http://www.extrasolar.net/star_HD12661.jpg Image HD12661]

{{HD 12661}}
{{Sky|02|04|34.36|+|25|24|53|121.202668153}}

[[Category:HIP天體|09683]]
[[Category:白羊座]]
[[Category:HD和HDE天體|012661]]
[[Category:SAO天體|75125]]
[[Category:G型主序星]]
[[Category:行星系]]

HD 12661 - 版本历史

imported>薛定谔的呼噜猫：​/* growthexperiments-addsectionimage-summary-summary: 1 */

imported>薛定谔的呼噜猫：/* growthexperiments-addsectionimage-summary-summary: 1 */