imported>Kethyga：回退到由百战天虫（讨论）做出的修订版本75795757：WP:OR

2023-04-19T05:45:07Z

回退到由百战天虫（讨论）做出的修订版本75795757：WP:OR

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{{noteTA
|G1=單位
|G2=地名
}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = HD1
| image = Three-color image of galaxy HD1.jpg
| image_size = 275px
| caption = HD1的上色圖像，確定自[[帕瑞纳天文台]]的[[可見光和紅外巡天望遠鏡]]的數據<ref name="ALMA-20220407" />
| pronounce =
| constellation name = [[六分仪座]]<ref name="ARX-20220212" /><ref name="DJM-2008" />
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| ra = {{RA|10|01|51.31}}<ref name="ARX-20220212" />
| dec = {{DEC|02|32|50.0}}<ref name="ARX-20220212" />
| z = {{val|13.27||}}<ref name="ARX-20220212" />
| h_radial_v =
| gal_v =
| dist_ly = {{plainlist|
* ≈{{convert|33.4|e9ly|e9pc|lk=on|abbr=unit}}<br>{{in5|3}}（目前[[同移距離]]）<ref name="NS-20220407" />
* {{nowrap|≈{{convert|13.5|e9ly|e9pc|abbr=unit}}}}<br>{{in5|3}}（[[距離測量 (宇宙學)|光行距]]）<ref name="NS-20220407" />}}

| group_cluster =
| type =
| mass =
| mass_light_ratio =
| size =
| stars =
| appmag_v =
| appmag_b =
| absmag_v =
| size_v =
| notes =
| names =
| references =
}}
'''HD1'''是一個未經證實的高[[紅移]][[星系]]，截至2022年4月，它被認為是迄今為止在[[可觀測宇宙]]中發現的[[最遙遠的天體列表|最早且遙遠的已知星系]]，在138億年前的[[大爆炸]]僅約3.3億年後誕生，由於[[宇宙加速膨脹|宇宙膨脹]]的關係，其現時的[[同移距離]]達到驚人的334億光年。

== 發現 ==
2022年4月7日，來自[[東京大學]]的天文學家團隊公佈在[[六分儀座]]發現了所謂的高[[紅移]]星系HD1（[[赤經|RA]]：10:01:51.31 [[赤纬|DEC]]：+02:32:50.0）<ref name="ARX-20220212" /><ref name="DJM-2008">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates |url=http://djm.cc/constellation.html |date=2008 |work=DJM.cc |accessdate=8 April 2022 |archive-date=2019-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815143107/http://djm.cc/constellation.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，同時發現的還有另一個在[[鯨魚座]]的高紅移星系HD2（RA：02:18:52.44 DEC：-05:08:36.1）<ref name="ARX-20220212" /><ref name="DJM-2008" />。

== 物理性質 ==
HD1是迄今[[可觀測宇宙]]中發現[[最遙遠的天體列表|最早且遙遠的已知星系]]，其[[光譜]][[紅移]]為13.27，意味著來自該星系的光需約135億年才能到達地球，同時由於[[宇宙加速膨脹|宇宙膨脹]]，它的[[同移距離]]達到約{{convert|33.4|e9ly|e9pc|lk=on|abbr=off}}<ref name="ALMA-20220407">{{cite news |last1=Lira |first1=Nicolás |last2=Iono |first2=Daisuke |last3=Oliver |first3=Amy c. |last4=Ferreira |first4=Bárbara |title=Astronomers Detect Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Yet |url=https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-releases/astronomers-detect-most-distant-galaxy-candidate-yet/ |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[阿塔卡瑪大型毫米及次毫米波陣列|Atacama Large Millimeter Array]] |accessdate=8 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409203229/https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-releases/astronomers-detect-most-distant-galaxy-candidate-yet/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20220212">{{cite arxiv |author=Harikane, Yuichi |display-authors=et al. |title=A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z~12-16 |eprint=2112.09141 |date=2 February 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NS-20220407">{{cite news |last=Crane |first=Leah |title=Astronomers have found what may be the most distant galaxy ever seen – A galaxy called HD1 appears to be about 33.4 billion light years away, making it the most distant object ever seen – and its extreme brightness is puzzling researchers |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315330-astronomers-have-found-what-may-be-the-most-distant-galaxy-ever-seen/ |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[New Scientist]] |accessdate=8 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414194004/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315330-astronomers-have-found-what-may-be-the-most-distant-galaxy-ever-seen/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="MN-20220407">{{cite journal |author=Pacussi, Fabio |display-authors=et al. |title=Are the newly-discovered z ∼ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars? |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnrasl/slac035/6564647 |date=7 April 2022 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slac035 |accessdate=7 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412090919/https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnrasl/slac035/6564647 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="AST-20220407">{{cite news |last=Buongiorno |first=Caitlyn |title=Astronomers discover the most distant galaxy yet - Unusually bright in ultraviolet light, HD1 may also set another cosmic record. |url=https://astronomy.com/news/2022/04/researchers-discover-the-most-distant-galaxy-yet |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[天文學 (雜誌)|Astronomy]] |accessdate=7 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414183712/https://astronomy.com/news/2022/04/researchers-discover-the-most-distant-galaxy-yet |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="INV-20220407">{{cite news |last=Wenz |first=John |title=Behold! Astronomers May Have Discovered The Most Distant Galaxy Ever – HD1 could be from just 300 million years after the Big Bang. |url=https://www.inverse.com/science/most-distant-galaxy-discovery |date=7 April 2022 |work=Inverse |accessdate=7 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415021814/https://www.inverse.com/science/most-distant-galaxy-discovery |dead-url=no }}</ref>。HD1的觀測位置被確認為[[大爆炸]]後約3.3億年<ref name="FRBS-20220407">{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Jamie |title=Meet HD1, The New Most Distant Galaxy Found 13.5 Billion Years Back In Time And Close To The ‘Big Bang’ |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2022/04/07/meet-hd1-the-new-most-distant-galaxy-found-135-billion-years-back-in-time-and-close-to-the-big-bang/ |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[Forbes|Forbes News]] |accessdate=10 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422080335/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2022/04/07/meet-hd1-the-new-most-distant-galaxy-found-135-billion-years-back-in-time-and-close-to-the-big-bang/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>，而另一個同樣擁有高紅移的星系HD2則被認為與HD1幾乎一樣遠<ref name="ST-20220407">{{cite news |last=Carlisle |first=Camille M. |title=Are These The Most Distant Galaxies Yet Seen? – Two fuzzy red objects in the early universe may be galaxies shining at us from only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/are-these-the-most-distant-galaxies-yet-seen/ |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[Sky & Telescope]] |accessdate=7 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409191850/https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/are-these-the-most-distant-galaxies-yet-seen/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

HD1異常高的光度與顯著明亮的紫外發射對其發現者來說，一直是一個懸而未決的問題。科學家們為此在認為它可能有大量比現在的恆星質量更大、亮度更高的[[第三星族星]]的同時得出兩個結論，其一是活躍的[[萊曼斷裂星系]]，其二是恆星生成速度極高的[[星暴星系]]，其產生恆星的速度遠遠高於以前觀察到的任何星系<ref name="BBC-20220410">{{cite news |author=BBC News Staff |title=Astronomers spot oldest and most distant galaxy, new study claims |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/61035215 |date=10 April 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=10 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416160530/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/61035215 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。另一種可能為HD1是一個擁有[[超大質量黑洞]]的[[類星體]]，若然屬實，那麼這情況將限制宇宙早期階段的黑洞生長模型。該星系的確切物理性質可能需要待[[詹姆斯韋伯太空望遠鏡]]分析後才可確認<ref name="NYT-20220407">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=丹尼斯·奧弗比 |title=Astronomers Find What Might Be the Most Distant Galaxy Yet – Is the object a galaxy of primordial stars or a black hole knocking on the door of time? The Webb space telescope may help answer that question. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/07/science/astronomers-distant-galaxy.html |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=7 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422054817/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/07/science/astronomers-distant-galaxy.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

之前已知最遠的星系[[GN-z11]]在2015年發現，其紅移為11，即在大爆炸後約4.2億年誕生<ref name="ST-20220407" />。

== 未來規劃 ==
據HD1和HD2的發現者的說法，如果它們的[[光譜]]被證實，那麼這發現將是一堂研究以前難以觀察的遙遠宇宙的實驗課<ref name="MN-20220407" />。研究人員希望進一步釐清這些天體，包括更好地識別它們是星系，抑或是[[類星體]]或[[黑洞]]，並在將來[[詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜]]、[[羅曼太空望遠鏡]]和{{link-ja|GREX-PLUS|GREX-PLUS}}進行太空任務時作仔細觀測<ref name="ARX-20220212" />。若經過更精確的偵察，有著極高同移距離的HD1也可能存在第一顆被發現的可見[[第三星族星]]<ref name="NYT-20220407" />。此外，研究人員聲稱，使用即將發射的新太空望遠鏡可以發現超過10,000個類似的在宇宙早期誕生的星系<ref name="ST-20220407" />。
[[File:EarliestGalaxyCandidates-20220407.jpg|thumb|center|800px|<div align="center">最早的星系候選者和宇宙的歷史（截至2022年4月7日）<ref name="ALMA-20220407" /></div>]]

== 參見 ==
* [[星系列表]]
* [[最遙遠的天體列表]]
* [[Template:Nature timeline|自然演化歷程]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== 外部連結 ==
* {{youtube|At-Gx3PaaAI|Video (NASA; 2:10; 4/7/2022) – HD1: farthest known galaxy}}

{{星系}}
{{六分仪座恒星}}
{{2022年太空活動}}
{{Portal bar|天文學|恆星|太空}}
{{Sky|10|01|51.31|+|02|32|36.1|33400000000}}

[[Category:2022年發現的天體]]
[[Category:星系]]
[[Category:鯨魚座]]

HD1 - 版本历史

imported>Kethyga：​回退到由百战天虫（讨论）做出的修订版本75795757：WP:OR

imported>Kethyga：回退到由百战天虫（讨论）做出的修订版本75795757：WP:OR