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{{DISPLAYTITLE:锖}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE|HCNH+}}
{{Chembox
|Name=HCNH+
| NameEn= Protonated hydrogen cyanide
| ImageFile = Protonated hydrogen cyanide.svg
| ImageFile1 = Protonated hydrogen cyanide cation 3D spacefill.png
| ImageSize = 100px
| IUPACName= Methylidyneammonium<ref name=chemspider>{{cite web |title=Methylidyneammonium {{!}} CH2N |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10446358.html |website=[[ChemSpider]] |accessdate=27 January 2019 |archive-date=2022-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102124554/https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10446358.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Methylidyneazanium<ref name=pubchem>{{cite web |title=Methanimine |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/22952220 |website=[[PubChem]] |accessdate=27 January 2019 |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727133257/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/22952220 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| SystematicName = Methylidyneammonium<ref name=chemspider37>{{cite web |title=methanimine {{!}} CH2N |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.18948137.html |website=[[ChemSpider]] |accessdate=27 January 2019 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219102942/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.18948137.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| OtherNames = 质子化氰化氢，锖
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 38263-97-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{Cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChemSpiderID = 10446358
| ChemSpiderID_Comment = HC≡N+H
| ChemSpiderID1 = 18948137
| ChemSpiderID1_Comment = HC+=NH
| PubChem = 22952220
| PubChem3= 274441977
| PubChem_Comment = HC≡N+H
| SMILES = C#[NH+]
| SMILES_Comment = linear form (HC≡N+H)
| StdInChI = 1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H/p+1<ref name=chemspider/>
| StdInChI_Comment = linear form (HC≡N+H)
| StdInChIKey = LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-O<ref name=chemspider/>
| InChI = 1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H/p+1<ref name=pubchem/>
| InChI_Comment = linear form (HC≡N+H)
| InChIKey = LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-O<ref name=pubchem/>
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=1 | H=2 | N=1
| Formula_Charge = +1
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| PointGroup = C∞v (linear form (HC≡N+H))
| MolShape = 线形：HC≡N+H
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunctn = [[乙炔]]
| Function = [[等电子体]]
}}
}}
'''HCNH+'''（{{cn|锖}}），又称质子化的[[氰化氢]]，是天体物理学感兴趣的离子。它也在[[超强酸]]中以凝聚态存在。

== 结构==
在[[基态]]下, HC{{overset|+|N}}H 是简单的线形分子，而激发态[[三线态]]则有[[顺反异构]]。高能的[[结构异构体]] H2CN+ 和C{{overset|+|N}}H2 也有理论研究。<ref>{{cite journal
| title = A possible role for triplet H2CN+ isomers in the formation of HCN and HNC in interstellar clouds
| author = Allen, T. L., Goddard, J. D., & Schaefer, H. F. III
| journal = Journal of Chemical Physics
| year = 1980
| volume = 73
| issue = 7
| pages = 3255–3263
| doi = 10.1063/1.440520
| bibcode = 1980JChPh..73.3255A
| url = https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99q1h2ct
| access-date = 2021-09-07
| archive-date = 2021-09-07
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210907093920/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99q1h2ct
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>

== 实验室研究 ==
作为一种相对简单的离子，HCNH+ 在实验室中得到了广泛的研究。在任何波长处拍摄的第一个光谱集中在[[红外线]]中的 ''ν''2（CH键拉伸）的旋转振动带上。
<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Observation of the infrared ν2 band (CH stretch) of protonated hydrogen cyanide, HCNH+
| author = Altman, R. S., Crofton, M. W., & Oka, T.
| journal = Journal of Chemical Physics
| year = 1984
| volume = 80
| issue = 8| pages = 3911–3912
| doi = 10.1063/1.447173
| bibcode = 1984JChPh..80.3911A
}}</ref>
不久之后，他们也报告了对 ''ν''1（NH键拉伸）带的研究。
<ref>{{cite journal
| title = High resolution infrared spectroscopy of the ''ν''1 (NH stretch) and ''ν''2 (CH stretch) bands of HCNH+
| author = Altman, R. S., Crofton, M. W., & Oka, T.
| journal = Journal of Chemical Physics
| year = 1984
| volume = 81
| issue = 10| pages = 4255–4258
| doi = 10.1063/1.447433
| bibcode = 1984JChPh..81.4255A
}}</ref>
在这些初步研究之后，几个小组发表了关于各种HCNH+旋转振动光谱的研究，包括研究''ν''3 带（C≡N键拉伸）、<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Diode laser spectroscopy of the ''ν''3 (CN stretch) band of HCNH+
| author = Kajita, M., Kawaguchi, K., & Hirota, E.
| journal = Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
| year = 1988
| volume = 127
| issue = 1
| pages = 275–276
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2852(88)90026-4
| bibcode = 1988JMoSp.127..275K
}}</ref>
''ν''4带（H−C≡N 弯曲）<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Diode laser spectroscopy of the ''ν''4 (HCN bend) band of HCNH+
| author = Tanaka, K., Kawaguchi, K., & Hirota, E.
| journal = Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
| year = 1986
| volume = 117
| issue = 2
| pages = 408–415
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2852(86)90164-5
| bibcode = 1986JMoSp.117..408T
}}</ref>
和 ''ν''5 带（H−N≡C 弯曲）
.<ref>{{cite journal
| title = The infrared ''ν''5 band (HNC bend) of protonated hydrogen cyanide, HCNH+
| author = Ho, W.-C., Blom, C. E., Liu, D.-J., & Oka, T.
| journal = Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
| year = 1987
| volume = 123
| issue = 1
| pages = 251–253
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2852(87)90275-X
| bibcode = 1987JMoSp.123..251H
}}</ref>

虽然所有这些研究都集中在[[红外线]]中的旋转振动光谱上，但直到1998年，技术才发展到足以研究[[微波]]中 HCNH+ 的纯旋转光谱。当时发表了HCNH+及其{{le|同位素代分子|isotopomers}} HCND+和 DCND+ 的微波光谱。<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Laboratory Measurement of the Pure Rotational Transitions of HCNH+ and Its Isotopic Species
| author = Araki, M., Ozeki, H., & Saito, S.
| journal = Astrophysical Journal Letters
| year = 1998
| volume = 496
| issue = 1
| pages = L53
| doi = 10.1086/311245
| bibcode = 1998ApJ...496L..53A
|arxiv = astro-ph/9801241 | s2cid = 17868534
}}</ref>
最近，为了更精确地确定分子旋转常数 ''B'' 和''D''，人们再次测量了 HCNH+ 的纯旋转光谱。<ref name="amano">{{cite journal
| title = Submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of HCNH+ and CH3CNH+
| author = Amano, T., Hashimoto, K., & Hirao, T.
| journal = Journal of Molecular Structure
| year = 2006
| volume = 795
| issue = 1–3
| pages = 190–193
| doi = 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.02.035
| bibcode = 2006JMoSt.795..190A
}}</ref>

== 产生和毁灭 ==
根据[http://www.astrochemistry.net/ 天体化学网] {{Wayback|url=http://www.astrochemistry.net/ |date=20130826024926 }}的资料库，HCNH+最先进的化学模型包括71个产生反应和21个毁灭反应。然而，其中只有少数反应主导了整体的产生和毁灭。<ref>{{cite journal
| title = The UMIST Database for Astrochemistry 1995
| author = Millar, T. J., Farquhar, P. R. A., & Willacy, K.
| journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series
| year = 1997
| volume = 121
| issue = 1
| pages = 139–185
| doi = 10.1051/aas:1997118
| bibcode = 1997A&AS..121..139M
| arxiv = 1212.6362
}}</ref>对于产生，有7种主要反应：

:{{chem|H|3|+}} + HCN → HCNH+ + H2
:{{chem|H|3|+}} + HNC → HCNH+ + H2
:HCO+ + HCN → HCNH+ + CO
:HCO+ + HNC → HCNH+ + CO
:H3O+ + HCN → HCNH+ + H2O
:H3O+ + HNC → HCNH+ + H2O
:C+ + NH3 → HCNH+ + H

== 天文学探测 ==
=== 首次的星际探测 ===
HCNH+ 在1986年首次于[[星际分子列表|星际空间]]中使用[[美国国家射电天文台]]的12米圆盘和[[德克萨斯毫米波天文台]]在[[人马座B2]]探测到。<ref>{{cite journal
|title = HCNH+: A New Interstellar Molecular Ion
|author1 = Ziurys, L. M.
|author1-link = Lucy Ziurys
|author2 = Turner, B. E.
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|year = 1986
|volume = 302
|issue =
|pages = L31–L36
|doi = 10.1086/184631
|pmid = 11542069
|url = http://www.chem.arizona.edu/ziurys/hcnh+.pdf
|bibcode = 1986ApJ...302L..31Z
|access-date = 2021-09-07
|archive-date = 2012-03-09
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120309151617/http://www.chem.arizona.edu/ziurys/hcnh+.pdf
|dead-url = no
}}</ref>

=== 随后的星际探测 ===
在首次探测过后，HCNH+ 也在TMC-1<ref name="schilke">{{cite journal
| title = Protonated HCN in molecular clouds
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomy-and-astrophysics_1991-07_247_2/page/487
| author = Schilke, P., Walmsley, C. M., Millar, T. J., & Henkel, C.
| journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics
| year = 1991
| volume = 247
| issue =
| pages = 487–496
| doi =
| bibcode = 1991A&A...247..487S
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Detection of the Quadrupole Hyperfine Structure in HCNH+
| author = [[Lucy Ziurys|Ziurys, L. M.]], Apponi, A. J., & Yoder, J. T.
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
| year = 1992
| volume = 397
| issue =
| pages = L123–L126
| doi = 10.1086/186560
| bibcode = 1992ApJ...397L.123Z
}}</ref>
和DR 21(OH)中观察到。<ref name="schilke" />
<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Simultaneous Determination of the Cosmic Ray Ionization Rate and Fractional Ionization in DR 21(OH)
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2008-09-10_684_2/page/1220
| author = Hezareh, T., Houde, M., McCoey, C., Vastel, C., & Peng, R.
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| year = 2008
| volume = 684
| issue =2| pages = 1221–1227
| doi = 10.1086/590365
| bibcode = 2008ApJ...684.1221H
|arxiv = 0805.4018 | s2cid = 6284545
}}</ref>人们对[[人马座B2]]的初步检测也已得到确认。<ref name="schilke" /><ref>{{cite journal
| title = A Three-Position Spectral Line Survey of Sagittarius B2 between 218 and 263 GHz. II. Data Analysis
| author = Nummelin, A., Bergman, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Friberg, P., Irvine, W. M., Millar, T. J., Ohishi, M., & Saito, S.
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
| year = 2000
| volume = 128
| issue = 1
| pages = 213–243
| doi = 10.1086/313376
| bibcode = 2000ApJS..128..213N
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>

=== 太阳系 ===
根据[[卡西尼-惠更斯号]]的离子和中性质谱仪 (INMS) 的数据，虽然没有通过光谱法直接检测到，但已经推断出[[土星]]最大的卫星——[[土卫六]]的大气中存在 HCNH+<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Composition of Titan's atmosphere
| author = Cravens, T. E., Robertson, I. P., Waite, J. H., Yelle, R. V., Kasprzak, W. T., Keller, C. N., Ledvina, S. A., Niemann, H. B., Luhmann, J. G., McNutt, R. L., Ip, W.-H., De La Haye, V., Mueller-Wodarg, I., Wahlund, J.-E., Anicich, V. G., & Vuitton, V.
| journal = Geophysical Research Letters
| year = 2006
| volume = 33
| issue = 7| pages = L07105
| doi = 10.1029/2005GL025575
| bibcode = 2006GeoRL..3307105C
| hdl = 2027.42/94758
| url = https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94758/1/grl21212.pdf
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>。

1997年，人们对长周期彗星[[海尔-波普彗星]]观测，尝试探测 HCNH+
<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Cyanide Chemistry in Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)
| author = [[Lucy Ziurys|Ziurys, L. M.]], Savage, C., Brewster, M. A., Apponi, A. J., Pesch, T. C., & Wyckoff, S.
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
| year = 1999
| volume = 527
| issue =1| pages = L67–L71
| doi = 10.1086/312388
| pmid = 10567001
| bibcode = 1999ApJ...527L..67Z
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>，但没有探测到。

==参考资料==
{{reflist|2}}

{{星际分子}}
[[Category:阳离子]]
[[Category:氰化物]]

HCNH+ - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 1 book for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot