imported>CataPunero：删除无可靠二手来源内容；而且Guix已于2025年由新成立的Guix Foundation做fiscal sponsor

2026-05-22T16:36:44Z

删除无可靠二手来源内容；而且Guix已于2025年由新成立的Guix Foundation做fiscal sponsor

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{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=FL}}
{{Infobox software
| name = GNU Guix
| title = GNU Guix
| logo = Guix logo.svg
| logo caption =
| logo size = 200px
| logo alt =
| screenshot = 
| caption =
| screenshot size =
| screenshot alt =
| collapsible =
| author =
| developer =
| released = 
| latest release version =
| programming language = [[GNU Guile|Guile Scheme]], [[C++]]（[[Nix 包管理器|Nix]]核心）
| operating system =
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| language count = 
| language footnote =
| genre =
| license = [[GNU通用公共许可证|GPLv3+]]
| alexa =
| website = {{URL|https://guix.gnu.org/}}
| standard =
| AsOf =
}}
'''GNU Guix'''（{{IPAc-en|ɡ|iː|k|s}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/guix.html#FOOT1|title=GNU Guix Reference Manual|website=www.gnu.org|access-date=2018-04-23|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223161934/https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/guix.html#FOOT1|dead-url=no}}</ref>）是一个跨平台的包管理器，也是一个用于实例化和管理类Unix操作系统的工具。其设计灵感与部分源码来自[[Nix 包管理器|Nix]]，部分组件使用[[GNU Guile]]进行编写。默认情况下只提供[[自由软件|自由的软件包]]。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Functional_Package_Management_with_Guix |title=Functional Package Management with Guix |author=Ludovic Courtès |date=2013 |location=[[Madrid]], [[Spain]] |publisher=European Lisp Symposium |accessdate=2021-01-27 |archive-date=2015-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205214923/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Functional_Package_Management_with_Guix |dead-url=no }}</ref> GNU Guix是GNU Guix System的默认包管理器。<ref name="What to call Guix">{{cite mailing list |title=What to call Guix? |publisher=gnu-system-discuss |date=2015-01-15 |url=http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu-system-discuss/2015-01/threads.html |access-date=2021-01-27 |archive-date=2020-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807015108/https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu-system-discuss/2015-01/threads.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Programming-Interface.html |title=Programming Interface (GNU Guix Reference Manual) |accessdate=2021-01-27 |archive-date=2019-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602190920/https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Programming-Interface.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="BBK">{{Cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTIzNjY |title=Guix: A New Package Manager & GNU Distribution - Phoronix |accessdate=2021-01-27 |archive-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202160820/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTIzNjY |dead-url=no }}</ref>

GNU Guix的开发与GNU Guix System交织在一起。<ref name="What to call Guix" />Guix System是一个默认使用[[GNU Hurd]]或[[Linux-libre|GNU Linux-libre]]内核，{{tsl|en|GNU Shepherd|GNU Shepherd}} [[init]]的完整[[GNU|GNU操作系统]]。<ref name="AAA" /><ref name="BBK" />

== 历史 ==
这个项目由一个GNU Guile[[黑客]]Ludovic Courtès于2012年发起。<ref>{{Cite news |title=GNU Guix launches |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/526822/ |last=Courtès |first=Ludovic |work=[[LWN.net]] |date=2012-11-25 |language=en |access-date=2025-06-17 |url-status=live}}</ref>据Guix开发者在2022年十周年纪念博客里的解释，取“Guix”这个名称是为了致敬Nix与Guile<ref>{{Cite news |title=10 years of stories behind Guix (Guix blog) |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/891752/ |last=Edge |first=Jake |work=LWN.net |date=2022-04-18 |language=en-US |access-date=2025-09-13}}</ref>，因为Guix项目最开始就是把两者混合在一起的。

== 原理 ==
与传统的[[包管理器]]不同，Guix（如Nix一样）采用了[[纯函数式编程|纯函数式]]的部署模型，软件被安装到通过[[密码散列函数]]生成的唯一的目录中。每个软件的所有依赖都作为每个密码散列函数的输入，解决了[[依赖地狱]]的问题。<ref>Prins, P., Suresh, J. and Dolstra, E., [http://www.linux.com/feature/155922 "Nix fixes dependency hell on all Linux distributions,"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.linux.com/feature/155922|date=20081226010942}} [[linux.com]], December 22, 2008</ref> 这种包管理方法更有可能产生更可靠、可复制和[[移植 (軟體)|可移植]]的包。<ref>Dolstra, E., de Jonge, M. and Visser, E. [https://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf "Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment."] {{Wayback|url=https://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/nspfssd-lisa2004-final.pdf|date=20181002051604}} In Damon, L. (Ed.), ''[http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa04/ 18th Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA '04)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa04/|date=20120111131513}}'', pages 79–92, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. USENIX, November 2004.</ref><ref>Dolstra, E. [https://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf ''The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model.''] {{Wayback|url=https://nixos.org/~eelco/pubs/phd-thesis.pdf|date=20190609111633}} PhD thesis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands. January 2006. {{ISBN|90-393-4130-3}}.</ref>

Guix中的软件包使用Guile进行定义。<ref name="x">{{Cite web |title=GNU's advanced distro and transactional package manager — GNU Guix |url=http://guix.gnu.org/ |work=guix.gnu.org |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127091350/https://guix.gnu.org/ |archive-date=2021-01-27 |accessdate=2021-01-29}}</ref>包依赖通过被称为“deriviation”（推导值）的特殊值在Guile中被跟踪，这些值将被Guix进程进行推导；Guix会跟踪这些值，以便在没有其他软件包依赖它们时，让其可以被删除。以更大的存储需求为代价，Guix保证其所有操作是[[线性一致性|原子操作]]，因此可被回滚<ref name="x" />；例外是若使用<code>sudo guix gc --verify=contents,repair</code>进行修复，会破坏线性一致性导致无法回滚<ref>{{Cite web |title=Invoking guix gc |url=https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Invoking-guix-gc.html |website=Guix(devel) Manual |date=2025-09-10 |language=en |author=Guix文档贡献者 |url-status=live |access-date=2025-09-10}}</ref>。

== GNU Guix System (操作系统) ==
{{Infobox OS
| name = GNU Guix System
| logo = Guix logo.svg
| logo size = 100px
| logo alt = GNU Guix 和 Guix System现今共用的图标
| screenshot = Guixsd-xfce-icecat-emacs.png
| screenshot_alt = 运行着[[Xfce]]桌面环境, [[GNU IceCat]]浏览器和[[GNU Emacs]]的Guix System
| caption = 运行着[[Xfce]]桌面环境, [[GNU IceCat]]浏览器和[[GNU Emacs]]的Guix System
| developer = [[GNU计划]]
| programmed in = [[GNU Guile]]，[[C++]]，[[Shell]]
| family = [[类Unix]]
| source model = [[开放源代码]]
| latest release =
| latest release version =
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| marketing target = [[桌面计算机]]，[[笔记本电脑]]，[[服务器]]，[[嵌入式|嵌入式开发板]]等
| kernel type = [[宏内核]]（使用[[Linux-libre|GNU Linux-libre]]时）或[[微内核]]（使用[[GNU Hurd]]时）
| userland = 默认为[[GNU核心工具组|GNU]]
}}

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{GNU}}
{{软件包管理系统}}
{{Linux发行版}}
[[Category:2012年软件]]
[[Category:自由软件包管理系统]]
[[Category:用Lisp語言編輯的自由軟件]]
[[Category:函數式編程]]
[[Category:GNU计划软件]]
[[Category:Linux软件包管理相关软件]]

Guix - 版本历史

imported>CataPunero：​删除无可靠二手来源内容；而且Guix已于2025年由新成立的Guix Foundation做fiscal sponsor

imported>CataPunero：删除无可靠二手来源内容；而且Guix已于2025年由新成立的Guix Foundation做fiscal sponsor