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{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=FL}}
{{for|“Graphite”本来的意思|石墨}}
{{refimprove|time=2013-03}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Graphite
| developer = [[SIL International]]
| latest_release_version =
| latest_release_date =
| genre = [[程式庫]]
| programming language =
| operating system = 跨平台
| license = [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]], [[Common Public License|CPL]]
| website = {{URL|http://graphite.sil.org}}
}}
'''Graphite'''是一套由[[SIL國際|SIL]]開發的，跟[[Unicode]]相容的可編程{{le|智慧字型|Smartfont}}構建（{{lang|en|smart font rendering}}）及技術系統。它是一套[[自由軟件|自由]]的編程介面，透過[[GNU宽通用公共许可证]]及{{le|Common Public License|the Common Public License}}發行。

== 與其他智慧字型技術的相容度與比較 ==
Graphite是一個建基於[[TrueType]]字型格式的技術，並新增了三個自用的新表格。它允許各種智慧構建字體的規則，包括有：[[合字|連體字]]、字型替換、字型插入、字型重排、[[標音符]]定錨、[[縮排]]及[[對齊]]。Graphite的的規則可以對內容敏感，從而可自動調節要採用的字形。例如：把所有非結尾的 [[s]] 字用 [[長s|ſ]] 替代。

Graphite字型會把所有字型構建信息直接儲在字型檔裡，所以要顯示Graphite的智慧字型構建，應用程式只需要提供為Graphite字型的支援，而無需知道有關文字的書寫方式。因此，Graphite系統的設計極為適合作為無法依賴系統內建之字型構建信息的少數民族書寫系統。從這方面來看，Graphite的性質與蘋果電腦開發的[[AAT]]類似，但與要求應用軟件提供對內建字型構建信息的[[OpenType]]又不同。

== 對Graphite的支援 ==
Graphite本來是一套為[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]環境上的使用而設計的系統，後來亦移植到[[Linux]]，還被移植到[[macOS]] 10.6<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=projects&item_id=graphite_aboutWhy |title=Why was Graphite developed? |publisher=SIL International |accessdate=2015-01-23 |archive-date=2020-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706065816/https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=projects&item_id=graphite_aboutWhy |dead-url=no }}</ref>，即使在macOS電腦上蘋果公司已提供有{{link-en|Apple Advanced Typography|Apple Advanced Typography|AAT技術}}，同樣提供適宜少數民族文字的支援。

目前支援Graphite的應用程式計有：SIL WorldPad<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scripts.sil.org/WorldPadDownload |title=SIL WorldPad |publisher=Scripts.sil.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-14 |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517112706/http://scripts.sil.org/WorldPadDownload |dead-url=no }}</ref>、[[XeTeX]]、[[OpenOffice.org]]（從3.2版本開始，不包括macOS版本）、[[LibreOffice]]（原先不包括macOS版本，5.3版本開始用於全平台<ref name="LO5.3">{{cite web
| title = Release Notes 5.3
| url = http://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/5.3
| publisher = [[The Document Foundation]]
| work = Wiki
| date = 2016-11-11
| accessdate = 2016-12-13
| archive-date = 2020-11-22
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201122114652/https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/5.3
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>）。[[Mozilla Thunderbird|Thunderbird]] 11 及 [[Firefox]] 11也都開始內建支援<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=projects&item_id=graphite_firefox |title=Graphite - Using Graphite in Mozilla Firefox |publisher=SIL International |accessdate=2013-04-24 |language=en |archive-date=2020-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706065435/https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=projects&item_id=graphite_firefox |dead-url=no }}</ref>，從22版本開始預設啟用，但到45.0.1版開始又再關掉，並於49.0版恢復<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/45.0.1/releasenotes/ |title=Firefox — Notes (45.0.1) — Mozilla |publisher=Mozilla |accessdate=2016-09-24 |archive-date=2019-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429055956/https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/45.0.1/releasenotes/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/49.0/releasenotes/ |title=Firefox — Notes (49.0) — Mozilla |publisher=Mozilla |accessdate=2016-09-24 |archive-date=2016-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022013121/https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/49.0/releasenotes/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

Graphite的支援可以用pango-graphite软件包添加到[[Linux]]上应用<ref>{{cite web |author=Debian Webmaster, webmaster@debian.org |url=http://packages.debian.org/sid/pango-graphite |title=pango-graphite |publisher=Packages.debian.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-14 |archive-date=2016-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411140351/https://packages.debian.org/sid/pango-graphite |dead-url=no }}</ref>，而在Windows平台上可安裝扩展性的附加组件MultiScribe<ref>{{cite web |url=http://projects.palaso.org/projects/show/multiscribe |title=MultiScribe |publisher=Projects.palaso.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303155356/http://projects.palaso.org/projects/show/multiscribe |archivedate=2012-03-03 }}</ref>。

== 參看 ==
{{Portal|自由軟體}}
* [[OpenType]]
* [[Apple Advanced Typography]]
* [[Uniscribe]]
* [[HarfBuzz]]
* {{link-en|International Components for Unicode|International Components for Unicode}}

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 外部連結 ==
* [http://graphite.sil.org Graphite在SIL的官方網址] {{Wayback|url=http://graphite.sil.org/ |date=20030326174135 }}
* [http://scripts.sil.org/GraphiteFonts Graphite字型]{{Wayback|url=http://scripts.sil.org/GraphiteFonts |date=20080516100432 }}
* [http://silgraphite.sf.net SIL Graphite在Sourceforge的網址]{{Wayback|url=http://silgraphite.sf.net/ |date=20191017022044 }}
* {{GitHub |silnrsi/graphite}}
* [http://sila.mozdev.org/ Project SILA]{{Wayback|url=http://sila.mozdev.org/ |date=20121020041740 }}——Graphite与[[Mozilla]]整合计划
* [http://www.unifont.org/TextLayout2007/presentations/SharonCorrellSILGraphiteNotes.pdf Presentation of Graphite for aKademy 2007, by S Correll] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unifont.org/TextLayout2007/presentations/SharonCorrellSILGraphiteNotes.pdf |date=20160411140408 }}

[[Category:數碼字體排印]]
[[Category:自由排版軟體]]
[[Category:字型格式]]

Graphite - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​补救13个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.8

imported>InternetArchiveBot：补救13个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.8