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{{Redirect|Fuchsia|学名为''Fuchsia''的植物|倒挂金钟}}
{{Infobox OS
| name = Fuchsia
| logo = Google Fuchsia logo.svg
| logo_size =
| logo caption = Fuchsia操作系统标志
| logo alt =
| screenshot = Screenshot of Google Fuchsia (July 2017).png
| screenshot_size =
| screenshot_alt =
| caption = Armadillo用户外壳的截图，Fuchsia的一部分
| collapsible =
| developer = [[Google]]
| family = Zircon
| working state = 当前
| source model = [[开放源代码]]
| version of = 
| released = {{Start date and age|2016|08|15|df=yes}}
| discontinued = 
| RTM date = 
| GA date = 
| marketing target =
| programmed in = 多种：[[C语言|C]]、[[C++]]、[[Rust (编程语言)|Rust]]、[[Go語言|Go]]、[[Python]]、[[Dart]]
| language = 英语
| update model = 
| package manager = 
| supported platforms = [[ARM架構|ARM64]]、[[X86-64]]
| kernel type = [[微內核]] {{tsl|en|Capability-based security||基于能力}} [[实时操作系统]]
| userland =
| ui =
| license = 多种：[[BSD许可证|BSD 3 clause]]、[[MIT许可证|MIT]]和[[Apache许可证|Apache 2.0]]
| preceded by =
| succeeded by =
| website = {{URL|fuchsia.dev}}
| support status = 
| other articles =
}}

'''Fuchsia'''是[[Google]]开发的[[操作系统]]<ref name="businessinsider"><cite class="citation web">Prince, Rob. </cite></ref>，與基于[[Linux内核]]的[[ChromeOS]]和[[Android]]等不同，Fuchsia基于新的名为Zircon的[[微内核]]<ref name="tnw"><cite class="citation web">Lopez, Napier (13 August 2016). </cite></ref>，受Little Kernel启发<ref name="github_src">{{cite web|title=magenta/mg_and_lk.md at 1e009f296dc397a2a0ba3a9fe364a662a57a3ace · fuchsia-mirror/magenta |url = https://github.com/fuchsia-mirror/magenta/blob/1e009f296dc397a2a0ba3a9fe364a662a57a3ace/docs/mg_and_lk.md |website=GitHub|access-date=26 Oct 2016}}{{Dead link |date=2018年6月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref>，用于嵌入式系统，主要使用[[C语言]]和C++编写<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-fuchsia-new-operating-system,32475.html "Google Is Building A New Operating System From Scratch: 'Fuschia'"]. 2016-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref>。Fuchsia的设计目标之一是可运行在众多的设备上，包括[[移动电话]]和[[个人电脑]]。<ref name="engadget"><cite class="citation web">Fingas, Jon. </cite></ref>經過多年的發展，它的正式產品發布於第一代[[Google Home|Google Nest Hub]]上，取代了其原來基於[[Linux]]的[[Google Cast|Cast OS]]。

[[File:Google Fuchsia Logo.svg|thumb|Fuchsia的初代标识是个[[品紅]]色的无限符号。|125x125像素]]

作为免费和[[开源软件]]分发，采用[[BSD许可证|三句版BSD]]，[[MIT許可證|MIT]]和[[Apache 2.0]]软件许可证。

== 历史 ==
2016年8月，媒体报道了发布于[[GitHub]]上的神秘[[源码]]，显示Google正在开发一个名为“Fuchsia”（「品紅色」的英文）的新操作系统，虽然官方没有正式公布，其源码检查显示其能够[[跨平台]]运行，包括“汽车的娱乐媒体系统和嵌入式设备，如[[红绿灯]]、[[数码手表]]、[[智能手机]]、[[平板电脑]]与[[个人电脑]]”。<ref>{{cite web |first=Darrell |last=Etherington |title=Google’s mysterious new Fuchsia operating system could run on almost anything |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/15/googles-mysterious-new-fuchsia-operating-system-could-run-on-almost-anything/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=August 15, 2016 |accessdate=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=2019-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605085438/https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/15/googles-mysterious-new-fuchsia-operating-system-could-run-on-almost-anything/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jon |last=Fingas |title=Google's Fuchsia operating system runs on virtually anything |url=https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/13/google-fuchsia-operating-system/ |website=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=August 13, 2016 |accessdate=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=2019-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210073256/https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/13/google-fuchsia-operating-system/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

2017年5月，Ars Technica编写了关于Fuchsia的新[[用户界面]]的文章，从8月首次披露时的命令行界面上升级，以及开发人员表示“此项目不是玩具项目，不是20%时间项目，不是我们不再关心的死去的项目的垃圾场”，多家媒体写到“Fuchsia项目”和[[Android]]似乎有密切联系，有人猜测Fuchsia可能是“重做”<ref>{{cite web |first=Jon |last=Fingas |title=Google's mysterious Fuchsia OS looks like an Android re-do |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/08/google-fuchsia-os-matures/ |website=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=May 8, 2017 |accessdate=May 9, 2017 |archive-date=2019-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211060715/https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/08/google-fuchsia-os-matures/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>或替换Android<ref>{{cite web |first=Chaim |last=Gartenberg |title=Google’s mysterious new Fuchsia OS has a UI now |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/5/8/15579846/google-fuchsia-os-magenta-armadillo-first-look-ui |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=May 8, 2017 |accessdate=May 9, 2017 |archive-date=2019-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605141656/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/5/8/15579846/google-fuchsia-os-magenta-armadillo-first-look-ui |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Corbin |last=Davenport |title=Google's "Fuchsia" operating system is taking shape with a new design |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/05/08/googles-fuchsia-operating-system-taking-shape-new-design/ |website=Android Police |date=May 8, 2017 |accessdate=May 9, 2017 |archive-date=2019-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031184359/https://www.androidpolice.com/2017/05/08/googles-fuchsia-operating-system-taking-shape-new-design/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>以在某种程度上修复该平台上的问题。

2017年11月，对[[Swift_(程式語言)|Swift]]语言提供了初始支持。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/apple/swift/pull/12955|title=Add Fuchsia OS support|work=GitHub PR for Swift|date=2017-11-15|accessdate=2018-02-02|archive-date=2019-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501101434/https://github.com/apple/swift/pull/12955|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2018年1月3日，Google允许开发者以Google Pixelbook为目标设备，下载Fuchsia OS进行开发与测试<ref>[https://github.com/fuchsia-mirror/docs/blob/master/hardware/pixelbook.md Preparing to install Fuchsia on Pixelbook]{{Dead link|date=2018年8月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.GitHub.[2018-01-03].</ref><ref>[https://github.com/fuchsia-mirror/docs/blob/master/fuchsia_paver.md#paving Putting Fuchsia on a Device]{{Dead link|date=2018年8月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.GitHub.[2018-01-03].</ref><ref>[http://technews.cn/2018/01/03/google-is-now-testing-its-mysterious-fuchsia-os-on-the-pixelbook/ Google允许以自家Pixelbook测试Fuchsia OS] {{Wayback|url=http://technews.cn/2018/01/03/google-is-now-testing-its-mysterious-fuchsia-os-on-the-pixelbook/ |date=20180129141337 }}.科技新報.[2018-01-03].</ref>。

2018年4月，Fuchsia的原始碼出現在[[AOSP]]的[[ART]]當中，疑似是AOSP已經開始將ART移植至Fuchsia上，但原始碼仍處於被註釋處理的狀態。<ref>{{cite web|title=谷歌 Fuchsia 源码现身 AOSP，支持 ART 运行环境 - 开源中国社区|url=https://www.oschina.net/news/95595/google-fuchsia-source-code-in-aosp|website=www.oschina.net|language=zh-CN|accessdate=2018-05-11|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609142140/https://www.oschina.net/news/95595/google-fuchsia-source-code-in-aosp|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2019年6月28日，Fuchsia OS的开发者网站Fuchsia.dev上线。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fuchsia.dev: Google launches official site about Fuchsia OS|url=https://9to5google.com/2019/06/28/google-launches-fuchsia-dev/|accessdate=2019-06-29|date=2019-06-28|last=Bradshaw|first=Kyle|work=9to5Google|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120010052/https://9to5google.com/2019/06/28/google-launches-fuchsia-dev/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2020年12月8日，首度在Google Open Source 部落格亮相，籲開發者來做出貢獻。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Expanding Fuchsia's open source model|url=https://opensource.googleblog.com/2020/12/expanding-fuchsias-open-source-model.html|date=2020-12-08|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-12-10|archive-date=2021-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115165557/https://opensource.googleblog.com/2020/12/expanding-fuchsias-open-source-model.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

2021年5月，Google員工證實，它首次在消費者市場部署了Fuchsia，這是對第一代[[Google Home|Google Nest Hub]]的軟體更新，該軟體取代了基於[[Chromecast]]的軟體，不過此更新不包含面向使用者的更改。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|date=2021-05-25|title=Google launches its third major operating system, Fuchsia|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/05/google-launches-its-third-major-operating-system-fuchsia/|access-date=2022-07-17|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803164452/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/05/google-launches-its-third-major-operating-system-fuchsia/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bradshaw|first=Kyle|date=2021-05-25|title=Google is releasing Fuchsia OS, starting w/ 1st-gen Nest Hub|url=https://9to5google.com/2021/05/25/google-releases-fuchsia-os-nest-hub/|access-date=2022-07-17|website=9to5Google|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716025744/https://9to5google.com/2021/05/25/google-releases-fuchsia-os-nest-hub/|dead-url=no}}</ref> 對預覽版設備進行第一波更新後，該更新於2021年8月推出至所有Nest Hub設備。<ref>{{Cite web |last=Byford |first=Sam |date=2021-08-18 |title=Google’s Fuchsia OS is rolling out to every first-gen Nest Hub |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/18/22630245/google-fuchsia-os-nest-hub-rollout-release-date |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=The Verge |language=en-us |archive-date=2022-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513142623/https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/18/22630245/google-fuchsia-os-nest-hub-rollout-release-date |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 特性 ==
Fuchsia的[[用户界面]]与[[移动应用程序|应用]]使用“[[Flutter (软件)|Flutter]]”开发。Flutter是一个能为Fuchsia、[[Android]]和[[iOS]]进行跨平台开发的开发框架，基于[[Dart]]创建应用，能让应用达到120[[帧率|FPS]]的高性能。

得益于Flutter提供的跨平台能力，用户可以在Android设备上安装一部分Fuchsia。[[Ars Technica]]注意到尽管用户可以测试Fuchsia，但是并不“可用”。他们还补充，尽管能看出Fuchsia与Android的界面有很多相似之处，比如应用屏幕、设置彩蛋和同时浏览多个应用的分屏功能等，但“全都只是占据位置而不可用”<ref name="ars-fuchsia">{{cite web |first=Ron |last=Amadeo |title=Google’s “Fuchsia” smartphone OS dumps Linux, has a wild new UI |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/googles-fuchsia-smartphone-os-dumps-linux-has-a-wild-new-ui/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=2017-05-08 |accessdate=2018-04-04 |archive-date=2019-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926205306/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/googles-fuchsia-smartphone-os-dumps-linux-has-a-wild-new-ui/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

Ars Technica注意到Fuchsia的很多部分都能工作，尤其是硬件支持<ref name="ars-fuchsia2">{{cite web|first=Ron|last=Amadeo|title=Google’s Fuchsia OS on the Pixelbook: It works! It actually works!|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/01/googles-fuchsia-os-on-the-pixelbook-it-works-it-actually-works/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|date=2018-01-08|accessdate=2018-04-04|quote=Right now, Google's built-from-scratch kernel and operating system will actually boot on the Pixelbook, and some things even work. The touchscreen, trackpad, and keyboard work and so do the USB ports. You can even plug in a mouse and get a second mouse cursor.|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217001841/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/01/googles-fuchsia-os-on-the-pixelbook-it-works-it-actually-works/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

Fuchsia操作系统还拥有一些与常见操作系统截然不同的安全与隐私设计，例如：

* 文件系统不具有传统[[类Unix系统]]的将..设计为指向父目录的[[硬链接]]的设计<ref>{{Cite web |title=圆点认为有害 |url=https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/concepts/filesystems/dotdot?hl=zh-cn |website=Fuchsia |access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref>。

* 没有全局[[文件系统]]的概念<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fuchsia 命名空間 |url=https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/concepts/process/namespaces?hl=zh-tw |website=Fuchsia |access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref>。

* 进程（在Fuchsia中被称为组件）不具有任何默认权限，一切权限都必须被父进程明确授予<ref>{{Cite web |title=安全 |url=https://fuchsia.dev/fuchsia-src/concepts/principles/secure?hl=zh-cn |website=Fuchsia |access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref>。

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 外部链接 ==
*[https://fuchsia.dev Fuchsia OS开发者网站] {{Wayback|url=https://fuchsia.dev/ |date=20201231125704 }}
*[[GitHub]]上的[https://github.com/fuchsia-mirror Fuchsia-mirror] {{Wayback|url=https://github.com/fuchsia-mirror |date=20200919034928 }}
* [https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/ Fuchsia的源代码库]{{Wayback|url=https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/ |date=20190725133255 }}
* [https://fuchsia.miraheze.org/wiki/Main_Page (非官方）Google Fuchsia Wiki]{{Wayback|url=https://fuchsia.miraheze.org/wiki/Main_Page |date=20170918230309 }}
* [https://fuchsia-china.com Fuchsia OS 中文社区] {{Wayback|url=https://fuchsia-china.com/ |date=20201031095356 }}

== 參見 ==
{{Portal|Google|自由軟體}}
* [[Haiku]] – 开源桌面操作系统
* [[FreeRTOS]] – [[微内核]]，[[实时操作系统]]（RTOS）
* [[Redox]] - Rust实现的微内核操作系统
* [[QNX]] – 符合POSIX，微内核实时操作系统（RTOS）
* [[INTEGRITY (操作系统)|INTEGRITY]] – 微内核实时操作系统（RTOS）
* [[L4微内核系列]] – L4系列，小而快的开源微内核
* [[貝爾實驗室九號計畫]] – 为了接替UNIX的分布式操作系统
* [[MINIX 3]] – [[类Unix]]微内核操作系统
* [[鴻蒙 (作業系統)]] – 華為開發的作業系統。

{{-}}
{{Google公司|corporate=no}}
{{操作系统}}
{{移動作業系統}}
{{Real-time operating systems}}

[[Category:Google軟體]]
[[Category:嵌入式操作系统]]
[[Category:自由作業系統]]
[[Category:实时操作系统]]
[[Category:Google Fuchsia]]
[[Category:用Go編程的自由軟件]]
[[Category:用Rust编程的自由软件]]

Google Fuchsia - 版本历史

imported>Jeffchu2014：​使用HotCat已移除Category:未來軟體

imported>Jeffchu2014：使用HotCat已移除Category:未來軟體