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{{About|YoYo Games开发的Microsoft Windows和macOS软件|Recreational Software Designs开发的MS-DOS软件|{{le|Game-Maker}}}}{{Infobox Software
| title = GameMaker
| logo = File:GameMaker Studio 2 Logo.svg
| author = {{le|Mark Overmars}}
| developer = {{le|YoYo Games}}
| released = {{release date and age|df=yes|1999|11|15}}
| programming language = {{hlist|[[C++]] ([[运行时系统|运行时]])|[[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] ([[集成开发环境|IDE]])}}
| operating system = {{hlist|[[Microsoft Windows]]|[[macOS]]}}
| platform = {{hlist|[[Microsoft Windows]]|[[macOS]]|[[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]]|[[HTML5]]|[[Android]]|[[iOS]]|[[Amazon Fire TV]]|[[Android TV]]|[[通用Windows平台]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Xbox One]]}}
| language = {{hlist|[[英语]]|[[法语]]|[[西班牙语]]|[[德语]]|[[中文]]}}
| license = [[专有软件]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.yoyogames.com/gamemaker|官方网站}}
}}
'''GameMaker'''（最初为'''Animo'''，2011年之前为'''Game Maker'''）是一个系列[[跨平台]][[游戏引擎]]，由{{le|Mark Overmars}}于1999年创建，2007年后由{{le|YoYo Games}}开发。最新的版本是2017年发布的GameMaker Studio 2。

GameMaker支持使用自定义拖放式[[視覺化程式設計語言|视觉化编程语言]]或称为Game Maker Language的[[脚本语言]]创建[[跨平台]]和多类型的[[电子游戏]]。该语言可用于开发拖放功能无法创建的更加高级的游戏。GameMaker最初的设计目的是让新手[[程序员]]能够在没有太多编程知识的情况下制作游戏。最新版本的软件也开始注重吸引高级开发人员。<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dM-9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |title=The GameMaker Standard |last1=Vinciguerra |first1=David |last2=Howell |first2=Andrew |date=16 October 2015 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-317-51469-5 |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2020-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610114430/https://books.google.com/books?id=dM-9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 }}</ref>

== 概述 ==
GameMaker主要用于制作拥有2D图形的游戏，允许[[开箱即用]]的[[位图]]、[[矢量图形]]（SWF）<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/309594/GameMaker_Studio_2_gets_new_lowcost_Creators_Edition.php |title=GameMaker Studio 2 gets new low-cost 'Creators Edition' |last=Kerr |first=Chris |access-date=9 May 2018 |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826102330/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/309594/GameMaker_Studio_2_gets_new_lowcost_Creators_Edition.php }}</ref>和2D[[骨骼动画]]（Esoteric Software的Spine）<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yoyogames.com/blog/43/skeletal-animation-sprites-using-spine|title=Skeletal Animation Sprites Using Spine {{!}} Blog {{!}} YoYo Games|website=Yoyo Games|language=en|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601133948/https://www.yoyogames.com/blog/43/skeletal-animation-sprites-using-spine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.brokenjoysticks.net/2017/03/12/game-maker-studio-takes-on-titans/|title=GDC17: GameMaker Studios 2.0 Takes On Industry Titans {{!}} Broken Joysticks|date=12 March 2017|work=Broken Joysticks|access-date=9 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907195535/https://www.brokenjoysticks.net/2017/03/12/game-maker-studio-takes-on-titans/}}</ref>以及用于绘制图形的大型标准库。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://docs2.yoyogames.com/source/_build/3_scripting/4_gml_reference/drawing/index.html |title=Drawing |website=docs2.yoyogames.com |access-date=9 May 2018 |archive-date=2021-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823100510/http://docs2.yoyogames.com/source/_build/3_scripting/4_gml_reference/drawing/index.html }}</ref>
尽管软件允许用户有限地使用[[三维计算机图形|3D图形]]，但其形式为{{Le|顶点缓冲区|Vertex buffer}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://docs2.yoyogames.com/source/_build/3_scripting/4_gml_reference/drawing/primitives/index.html |title=Drawing And Creating Primitives |website=docs2.yoyogames.com |access-date=9 May 2018 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614002243/https://docs2.yoyogames.com/source/_build/3_scripting/4_gml_reference/drawing/primitives/index.html }}</ref>和[[矩阵]]函数，因此并不适合新手用户。

该引擎在Windows、UWP和Xbox One上使用[[Direct3D]]；在macOS和Linux上使用[[OpenGL]]；在Android和iOS上使用[[OpenGL ES]]；在HTML5上使用[[WebGL]]或[[Canvas (HTML元素)|2D Canvas]]，在[[電子遊戲機|游戏主机]]上使用专有API。

该引擎的主要元素之一是带有[[位图|光栅图形]]、[[關卡 (電子遊戲)|關卡]]设计、脚本、[[路径 (计算机科学)|路径]]和[[着色器]]（[[GLSL]]或[[高级着色器语言|HLSL]]）编辑器的IDE。<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/02/gamemaker-studio-2-debuts-on-macos/ |title=2D Game Development Engine 'GameMaker Studio 2' Debuts on macOS |access-date=9 May 2018 |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325044921/https://www.macrumors.com/2017/09/02/gamemaker-studio-2-debuts-on-macos/ }}</ref>其他功能可以通过软件的脚本语言或特定平台的本地拓展来实现。<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/05/23/gamemaker-studio-2-gets-an-education-edition/ |title=GameMaker Studio 2 gets an education edition |date=23 May 2017 |work=VentureBeat |access-date=9 May 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322144957/https://venturebeat.com/2017/05/23/gamemaker-studio-2-gets-an-education-edition/ }}</ref>在GameMaker Studio 2中，你可以选择将游戏导出为[[Nullsoft腳本安裝系統|NSIS]]安装包，或导出为包含游戏data.win文件和编辑器“包含的文件”选项卡中的所有文件的[[ZIP格式|.zip]]文件。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs2.yoyogames.com/source/_build/1_overview/2_quick_start/6_compiling.html|title=Compiling|website=docs2.yoyogames.com|access-date=2019-02-20|archive-date=2021-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109183609/https://docs2.yoyogames.com/source/_build/1_overview/2_quick_start/6_compiling.html}}</ref>

=== 支持的平台 ===
GameMaker支持为[[Microsoft Windows]]、[[MacOS]]、[[Ubuntu]]、[[HTML5]]、[[Android]]、[[IOS]]、[[Amazon Fire TV]]、[[Android TV]]、[[Raspberry Pi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=YoYo Games expand their Linux support in GameMaker Studio 2 to the Raspberry Pi|url=https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2020/12/yoyo-games-expand-their-linux-support-in-gamemaker-studio-2-to-the-raspberry-pi|website=GamingOnLinux|language=en}}</ref>、[[通用Windows平台|Windows UWP]]、[[PlayStation 4]]、[[Nintendo Switch]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Undertale coming to Switch brings indie games' GameMaker Studio engine with it|url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/9/17100548/gamemaker-studio-2-nintendo-switch-undertale|access-date=9 March 2018|date=9 March 2018|last=Good|first=Owen|work=[[Polygon]]|archive-date=2018-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309200705/https://www.polygon.com/2018/3/9/17100548/gamemaker-studio-2-nintendo-switch-undertale}}</ref>和[[Xbox One]]构建软件；<ref>{{cite web|title=Learn how to make your own video games with GameMaker: Studio at RetroGameCon|url=http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/11/learn_how_to_make_your_own_games_with_gamemaker_studio_at_retrogamecon.html|access-date=2 December 2014|author=Evan Lewis|date=6 November 2014|publisher=Syracuse Media Group|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203032736/https://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/11/learn_how_to_make_your_own_games_with_gamemaker_studio_at_retrogamecon.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=This will let you say 'Happy Birthday,' 'Get Well Soon' with a video game|url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/1/22/5333982/this-will-let-you-say-happy-birthday-get-well-soon-with-a-video-game|access-date=23 January 2014|date=22 January 2014|publisher=Alexa Ray Corriea|archive-date=2022-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325004735/https://www.polygon.com/2014/1/22/5333982/this-will-let-you-say-happy-birthday-get-well-soon-with-a-video-game}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No coding required: How new designers are using GameMaker to create indie smash hits|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/no-coding-required-how-new-designers-are-using-gamemaker-to-create-indie-smash-hits/|access-date=15 January 2015|work=PC Gamer|archive-date=2022-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421191825/https://www.pcgamer.com/no-coding-required-how-new-designers-are-using-gamemaker-to-create-indie-smash-hits/}}</ref>[[PlayStation 5]]和[[Xbox Series X/S]]也在2021年2月宣布支持。<ref>{{cite magazine|date=25 February 2021|title=GameMaker Studio 2 launches support for PS5 and Xbox Series X{{!}}S {{!}} Development News|url=https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/gamemaker-studio-2-launches-support-for-ps5-and-xbox-series-xs/|magazine=MCV/DEVELOP|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507015450/https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/gamemaker-studio-2-launches-support-for-ps5-and-xbox-series-xs/}}</ref>

在过去，GameMaker也支持为[[Windows Phone]]（被UWP替代）、[[Tizen]]、[[PlayStation Vita]]（GMS2中称“主要因为业务问题”）。<ref>{{Cite web|title=We are YoYoGames, we recently announced GameMaker Studio 2. Ask us anything. • r/gamemaker|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/gamemaker/comments/5d2y93/we_are_yoyogames_we_recently_announced_gamemaker/da1dytt/|access-date=9 May 2018|website=reddit|language=en|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324015706/https://www.reddit.com/r/gamemaker/comments/5d2y93/we_are_yoyogames_we_recently_announced_gamemaker/da1dytt/}}</ref>

[[PlayStation Portable]]的支持在2010年5月演示，<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/PSP/Game+Maker+Runner/news.asp?c=20401|title=Create games for your PSP with Game Maker|work=Pocket Gamer|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-date=2018-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220940/http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/PSP/Game+Maker+Runner/news.asp?c=20401}}</ref>但从未对外公开（仅有少数游戏使用）。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/PSP/They+Need+To+Be+Fed/news.asp?c=20574|title=Indie platformer They Need To Be Fed coming to PSP|work=Pocket Gamer|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-date=2018-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509221013/http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/PSP/They+Need+To+Be+Fed/news.asp?c=20574}}</ref>

2007年至2001年间，YoYo Games曾为GameMaker游戏维护了一个定制的web播放器插件，<ref>{{cite web|title=GMking's MarkUp Magazine - Issue 12|url=https://archive.org/stream/GmkingsMarkupMagazine-Issue12/MarkUp_12#page/n42/mode/1up|language=en}}</ref>在2011年年中以开源的形式发布，<ref>{{Cite web|title=YoYo Website plans {{!}} Blog {{!}} YoYo Games|url=https://www.yoyogames.com/blog/152/yoyo-website-plans|access-date=9 May 2018|website=Yoyo Games|language=en|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630024711/https://www.yoyogames.com/blog/152/yoyo-website-plans}}</ref>并最终放弃了HTML5导出。

在2021年8月之前，用户必须获得五个不同平台中的任意一个许可（不包括主机平台），这取决于用户想要发布的目标平台（例如桌面端或移动端）。发布主机版需要年度许可证，该许可证也包含在涵盖所有受支持平台的全面年度最终许可证中。YoYo Games在2021年8月更改了许可方式，允许用户免费用于学习用途，同时取消了单一购买选项。同时，许可方案被简化为两种，一种支持在所有非主机平台上发布，另一种添加了主机平台发布支持。这些改变得益于[[Opera軟件|Opera]]对YoYo Games的财务投资，已帮助降低游戏作者的制作成本。<ref>{{cite web|title=YoYo Games streamlines GameMaker licenses, offers new free version|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-08-10-yoyo-games-streamlines-gamemaker-licenses-offers-new-free-version|accessdate=August 10, 2021|date=August 10, 2021|last=Dealessandri|first=Marie|work=[[GamesIndustry.biz]]|archive-date=2022-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426104927/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-08-10-yoyo-games-streamlines-gamemaker-licenses-offers-new-free-version}}</ref>

=== 拖拽放置 ===
拖拽放置（Drag and Drop，DnD）是GameMaker的可视化脚本工具。

DnD允许执行常见的开发人员命令（例如实例化对象、调用函数、处理文件和数据结构）而无需编写代码，拖拽放置主要针对新手用户。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisisxbox.com/interview-james-cox-yoyo-games-gamemaker-studio-2/|title=Interview: James Cox of YoYo Games about GameMaker Studio 2 {{!}} This Is Xbox|work=This Is Xbox|access-date=9 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106074455/http://www.thisisxbox.com/interview-james-cox-yoyo-games-gamemaker-studio-2/}}</ref>

虽然从历史上看，DnD能在轻松完成的事情上的使用相当有限，<ref>{{Cite web|title=Drag-and-Drop icons to GameMaker Language reference|url=https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/4100OT_Appendix_Drag_and_drop_Icons_to_GameMaker_Language_Reference.pdf|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2017-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223025538/https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/4100OT_Appendix_Drag_and_drop_Icons_to_GameMaker_Language_Reference.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/no-coding-required-how-new-designers-are-using-gamemaker-to-create-indie-smash-hits/|title=No coding required: How new designers are using GameMaker to create indie smash hits|work=pcgamer|access-date=9 May 2018|language=en|archive-date=2022-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421191825/https://www.pcgamer.com/no-coding-required-how-new-designers-are-using-gamemaker-to-create-indie-smash-hits/}}</ref>但GameMaker Studio 2对该系统进行了彻底的改进，能够使用DnD完成更多的任务，并将其直接转换为代码（为有兴趣迁移到代码的用户提供IDE内预览）。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/09/03/gamemaker-studio-creators-look-back-at-17-years-of-development/|title=GameMaker Studio creators look back at 17 years of development|date=4 September 2017|work=VentureBeat|access-date=9 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908003154/https://venturebeat.com/2017/09/03/gamemaker-studio-creators-look-back-at-17-years-of-development/}}</ref>

== GameMaker语言 ==
GameMaker语言是GameMaker的脚本语言。这是一种[[指令式編程|指令式]]、[[动态类型]]的，类似[[JavaScript]]和[[C语言]]的语言。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDzlCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR6|title=GameMaker Programming By Example|last1=Christian|first1=Brian|last2=Isaacs|first2=Steven|date=28 December 2015|publisher=Packt Publishing Ltd|isbn=978-1-78588-847-2|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030102/https://books.google.com/books?id=eDzlCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5OFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|title=Getting Started with Game Maker|last=Jr|first=Jerry Lee Ford|date=1 June 2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1435455214|language=en|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030102/https://books.google.com/books?id=-5OFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLdsEjKnt5AC&pg=PA225|title=The Game Maker's Apprentice: Game Development for Beginners|last1=Habgood|first1=Jacob|last2=Overmars|first2=Mark|date=31 December 2006|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4302-0159-5|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030100/https://books.google.com/books?id=PLdsEjKnt5AC&pg=PA225}}</ref>

该语言在本机平台上的默认操作模式通过[[堆栈|堆栈机]]实现；它也可以通过[[LLVM]][[源到源编译器|编译]]为C++源码以提高性能。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.adweek.com/digital/gamemaker-studio-introduces-yoyo-compiler-and-cross-platform-shader-support/|title=GameMaker: Studio introduces YoYo Compiler and cross-platform Shader support|access-date=9 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218173259/https://www.adweek.com/digital/gamemaker-studio-introduces-yoyo-compiler-and-cross-platform-shader-support/}}</ref>在HTML5上，GML是源到源编译成JavaScript的，在非调试版本中实现了优化和[[極簡化|压缩]]。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uDWG1gYWxokC|title=HTML5 Game Development with GameMaker|last=Elliott|first=Jason Lee|date=22 April 2013|publisher=Packt Publishing Ltd|isbn=978-1-84969-411-7|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030103/https://books.google.com/books?id=uDWG1gYWxokC}}</ref>

== 历史 ==
GameMaker最初由{{Le|Mark Overmars|Mark Overmars}}开发。该软件于1999年11月15日以Animo的名义首次发布（当时，它只是一个具有有限视觉脚本功能的图形工具）。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5OFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|title=Getting Started with Game Maker|last=Jr|first=Jerry Lee Ford|date=1 June 2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1435455214|language=en|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030101/https://books.google.com/books?id=-5OFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5}}</ref>该软件的第一个版本是在[[Delphi]]上开发的。<ref>{{cite web|title=Game Maker Studio engine|url=http://www.desura.com/engines/game-maker|access-date=29 May 2013|publisher=Desura|archive-date=2013-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519170952/http://www.desura.com/engines/game-maker}}</ref>

在随后的版本中，该软件更名为Game Maker，同时也朝着更通用的2D游戏开发方向发展。

5.0版及以下版本为[[免費軟體]]；5.1版本引入了可选注册费用；5.3版为注册用户引入了许多新功能，包括[[粒子系统]]、网络以及使用DLL扩展游戏内容的可能性。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Game Maker Pages|url=http://www.gamemaker.nl:80/registration.html|access-date=8 May 2018|date=10 January 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040110215821/http://www.gamemaker.nl:80/registration.html|archive-date=10 January 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref>

6.4版（2004年10月）引入了有限的3D图形使用功能，并同时将运行时的绘图通道从{{Le|可视组件库|Visual Component Library}}迁移至[[DirectX]]。<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Getting Started with Game Maker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cs4Jv7ik5gC&pg=PA11|last=Ford|first=Jerry|publisher=Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59863-882-0|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407215744/https://books.google.com/books?id=0cs4Jv7ik5gC&pg=PA11}}</ref>

公众越来越大的专注度促使Overmars寻求帮助来扩大项目，并于2007年与YoYo Games建立了合作关系。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUFIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA341|title=A Brief History Of Video Games: From Atari to Virtual Reality|last=Stanton|first=Rich|date=23 July 2015|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=9781472118813|language=en|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030101/https://books.google.com/books?id=NUFIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA341}}</ref>从那时起，开发工作由YoYo Games负责，而Overmars则继续担任公司董事之一。<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLdsEjKnt5AC&pg=PR16|title=The Game Maker's Apprentice: Game Development for Beginners|last1=Habgood|first1=Jacob|last2=Overmars|first2=Mark|date=31 December 2006|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4302-0159-5|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030107/https://books.google.com/books?id=PLdsEjKnt5AC&pg=PR16}}</ref>7.0版是在此合作关系下发布的第一个版本。

第一个兼容macOS的版本于2009年发行，<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5OFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR14|title=Getting Started with Game Maker|last=Jr|first=Jerry Lee Ford|date=1 June 2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1435455214|language=en|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030104/https://books.google.com/books?id=-5OFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR14}}</ref>只需要稍作改动即可在两个操作系统上制作游戏。

8.1版（2011年4月）将软件名称改为GameMaker（无空格）<ref>{{cite web|title=The Original Game-Maker|url=http://www.diygamer.com/2010/04/original-gamemaker/|access-date=15 January 2015|date=30 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301005957/http://www.diygamer.com/2010/04/original-gamemaker/|archive-date=1 March 2014|last1=Eric-Jon Rössel|first1=Tairne}}</ref>以避免与1991年的软件''{{Le|Game-Maker|Game-Maker}}''混淆。该版本还用C++重写了运行时，<ref name=":1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAIAAAAQBAJ|title=Getting Started with Game Maker|last=Ford|first=Jerry|date=2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1133168966|page=333|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030101/https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAIAAAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=2020年7月}}以解决之前版本的性能问题。

2011年9月“GameMaker: HTML5”首次发布——这是一个全新的软件，能够将桌面游戏和浏览器游戏一并导出。<ref name="Rose">{{Cite news|url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/37398/YoYo_Games_Releases_GameMaker_HTML5_Tools.php|title=YoYo Games Releases GameMaker: HTML5 Tools|last=Rose|first=Mike|access-date=8 May 2018|language=en|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030105/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/37398/YoYo_Games_Releases_GameMaker_HTML5_Tools.php}}</ref>

GameMaker: Studio于2012年3月进入公测阶段，<ref name="Rose" />并与2012年5月全面发布。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/05/22/yoyo-games-unveils-gamemaker-studio-for-cross-platform-development/|title=YoYo Games unveils GameMaker: Studio for cross-platform development|date=22 May 2012|work=VentureBeat|access-date=8 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030105/https://venturebeat.com/2012/05/22/yoyo-games-unveils-gamemaker-studio-for-cross-platform-development/}}</ref>最初支持的平台包括Windows、Mac、HTML5、Android和iOS。在接下来的几年里引入了其他平台和功能；<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://csanyk.com/2012/09/game-maker-studio-1-1-released/|title=Game Maker Studio 1.1 released - csanyk.com|date=6 September 2012|work=csanyk.com|access-date=8 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000213/https://csanyk.com/2012/09/game-maker-studio-1-1-released/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2013/08/27/yoyo-games-updates-its-game-tools-to-speed-development-time/|title=YoYo Games updates GameMaker: Studio to speed development time|date=27 August 2013|work=VentureBeat|access-date=8 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030102/https://venturebeat.com/2013/08/27/yoyo-games-updates-its-game-tools-to-speed-development-time/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jeux.developpez.com/actu/71823/GameMaker-est-disponible-en-version-1-3-et-apporte-un-nouveau-debogueur-et-le-support-des-consoles-de-Sony/|title=GameMaker est disponible en version 1.3 et apporte un nouveau débogueur et le support des consoles de Sony|work=Developpez.com|access-date=8 May 2018|language=fr|archive-date=2021-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822223349/https://jeux.developpez.com/actu/71823/GameMaker-est-disponible-en-version-1-3-et-apporte-un-nouveau-debogueur-et-le-support-des-consoles-de-Sony/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to GameMaker: Studio 1.4 {{!}} GameMaker Blog|url=http://www.gamemakerblog.net/welcome-to-gamemaker-studio-1-4/|access-date=8 May 2018|date=18 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618133327/http://www.gamemakerblog.net/welcome-to-gamemaker-studio-1-4/|archive-date=18 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>2012年末，一些正版用户遇到了反盗版措施失灵的事故。<ref>{{cite web|title=Gamemaker anti-piracy bug destroys developer assets | Game Development | News by Develop|url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/42651/GameMaker-fixes-anti-piracy-bug-afflicting-users|access-date=28 April 2019|date=29 November 2012|last=Chapple|first=Craig|website=Develop|publisher=Intent Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127181539/http://www.develop-online.net/news/42651/GameMaker-fixes-anti-piracy-bug-afflicting-users|archive-date=27 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

2015年2月，{{Le|Playtech|Playtech}}和{{绿链|en|YoYo Games}}收购了GameMaker，该公告再次声明，GameMaker将会进一步改进，这些计划吸引了更多的用户，其中包括更多的高级开发者。<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dM-9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|title=The GameMaker Standard |last1=Vinciguerra |first1=David |last2=Howell |first2=Andrew |date=16 October 2015 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-317-51469-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=YoYo Games is Acquired by Playtech plc {{!}} YoYo Games|url=http://www.yoyogames.com/playtech|access-date=8 May 2018|date=26 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326191637/http://www.yoyogames.com/playtech|archive-date=26 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

2016年11月，GameMaker Studio 2的Beta版首次发布，<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcgamesn.com/gamemaker-studio-2-beta|title=GameMaker Studio 2 enters beta|work=PCGamesN|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030103/https://www.pcgamesn.com/gamemaker-studio-2-beta}}</ref>完整版于2017年3月发布。<ref>{{Cite web|title=GameMaker Studio 2 Released|url=http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2017/03/09/GameMaker-Studio-2-Released.aspx|access-date=8 May 2018|last=GameFromScratch.com|first=Copyright|website=www.gamefromscratch.com|archive-date=2018-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731123812/http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2017/03/09/GameMaker-Studio-2-Released.aspx}}</ref>这个版本展示了一个完全重新设计的IDE（使用C#编写<ref>{{Cite web|title=GameMaker Studio 2: Remade to Stay Up-to-date - Gamesauce: Global Inspiration for Game Developers|url=http://www.gamesauce.biz/2017/04/05/gamemaker-studio-2-remade-stay-date/|access-date=8 May 2018|website=www.gamesauce.biz|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905171611/http://www.gamesauce.biz/2017/04/05/gamemaker-studio-2-remade-stay-date/}}</ref>），以及一些新的编辑工具和运行时功能。

2020年8月，主要更新2.3版本发布，为IDE、运行时和脚本语言带来了大量的新功能。<ref>{{cite web|title=YoYo Games launches GameMaker Studio 2 version 2.3|url=https://europeangaming.eu/portal/latest-news/2020/08/20/76397/yoyo-games-launches-gamemaker-studio-2-version-2-3/|date=20 August 2020|website=European Gaming Industry News|last1=Miller|first1=George}}</ref>

2021年1月，{{Lang|en|YoYo Games}}以1000万[[美元]]的价格出售给[[Opera軟件]]。GameMaker的开发团队保持不变，没有对GameMaker Studio进行过任何重大的开发更改。<ref>{{cite web|title=Opera bought the owner of GameMaker for its new gaming division – Destructoid|url=https://www.destructoid.com/stories/opera-bought-the-owner-of-gamemaker-for-its-new-gaming-division-617344.phtml|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2021-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419085421/https://www.destructoid.com/stories/opera-bought-the-owner-of-gamemaker-for-its-new-gaming-division-617344.phtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opera acquires YoYo Games for $10 million and launches Opera Gaming division {{!}} VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/20/opera-acquires-yoyo-games-for-10-million-and-launches-opera-gaming-division/|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303221354/https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/20/opera-acquires-yoyo-games-for-10-million-and-launches-opera-gaming-division/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opera Acquires YoYo Games, Launches Opera Gaming|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/opera-acquires-yoyo-games-launches-opera-gaming-301211728.html|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324030100/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/opera-acquires-yoyo-games-launches-opera-gaming-301211728.html}}</ref>

2021年8月，YoYo Games声称他们正在改变许可证策略，并会提供一个免费版本的GameMaker引擎。<ref>{{cite web|title=oYo Games streamlines GameMaker licenses, offers new free version|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-08-10-yoyo-games-streamlines-gamemaker-licenses-offers-new-free-version|website=gamesindustry.biz|publisher=Gamer Network Limited, a ReedPop company|last1=Dealessandri|first1=Marie|access-date=2022-03-24|archive-date=2022-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426104927/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-08-10-yoyo-games-streamlines-gamemaker-licenses-offers-new-free-version}}</ref>

== 反响 ==
根据223条用户评论，该项目目前在[[Mod DB]]上的评分为8.5/10；许多人认为它的灵活性和[[易用性]]是积极因素，而程序不穩定、易崩潰、项目年久失修及功能過時等問題则受到诟病。<ref>{{cite web|title=GameMaker: Studio Reviews|url=http://www.indiedb.com/engines/gamemaker/reviews|access-date=15 January 2015|publisher=DBolical Pty Ltd.|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804145727/https://www.indiedb.com/engines/gamemaker/reviews}}</ref> 《独立游戏杂志》（''Indie Game Magazine''）的Douglas Clements评价该软件"简化了游戏的开发流程"，认为其"对初学者十分友好，但在开发过程中又足够强大"，但同时也指出若无法自主创建所需资源，则需从外部获取现成素材，并批评"[[Steam]]平台与YoYo Games网站之间的授权机制'错综复杂'"。<ref>{{cite web|title='GameMaker: Studio' – Lord Over The Pixels|url=http://indiegamemag.com/gamemaker-studio-lord-over-the-pixels/|access-date=19 January 2017|author=Douglas Clements|website=Indie Games Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222224901/http://indiegamemag.com/gamemaker-studio-lord-over-the-pixels/|archive-date=22 December 2017}}</ref>

== 参考 ==
{{reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.yoyogames.com/ YoYo Games]{{Wayback|url=http://www.yoyogames.com/ |date=20100202035328 }} — 官方网站
* [http://gmc.yoyogames.com/ Game Maker Community] {{Wayback|url=http://gmc.yoyogames.com/ |date=20191217052905 }} — 官方论坛
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202004450/http://wiki.yoyogames.com/ YoYo Games Wiki] — 官方维基
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090407002550/http://gmking.org/ GMking Network] — GMking Network
* [http://www.gamemakertech.info Game Maker Technology Magazine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gamemakertech.info/ |date=20201126042150 }} — Game Maker Technology Magazine

[[Category:電子遊戲開發軟件]]
[[Category:游戏引擎]]

GameMaker - 版本历史

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