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2026-02-10T02:47:24Z

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{{lowercase title}}
{{NoteTA|G1=IT|G2=FL}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Flatpak
| title = Flatpak
| logo = Flatpak Logo.svg
| logo caption =
| logo size =
| logo alt =
| screenshot = Flatpak install screenshot.png
| caption = 使用Flatpak安裝軟體的示例圖
| screenshot size =
| screenshot alt =
| collapsible =
| author = Alexander Larsson
| developer = Flatpak團隊<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://flatpak.org/about/
| title = About
| access-date = 2022-07-17
| archive-date = 2018-10-17
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181017150953/https://flatpak.org/about/
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
| released = {{Start date and age|2015|03|23}}
| programming language = [[C语言|C]]
| operating system = [[Linux]]
| platform =
| size =
| genre = {{link-en|應用程式虛擬化|Application virtualization}}
| license = [[GNU宽通用公共许可证|LGPL]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xdg-app/xdg-app/tree/COPYING|title=xdg-app/xdg-app - Deployment and sandboxing framework for desktop applications|publisher=|accessdate=2016-07-11|archive-date=2019-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818183108/https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xdg-app/xdg-app/tree/COPYING|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://flatpak.org}}
}}
'''Flatpak'''，在2016年5月前又被稱为'''xdg-app'''，是一個[[Linux#個人電腦|Linux桌面應用]]電腦環境的{{link-en|應用程式虛擬化|Application virtualization}}系統。

== 原理 ==
這個程式的目標是在使用者想要執行他們可能並不完全信任的[[应用软件]]時提供一個安全的[[沙盒 (電腦安全)|沙盒]]環境供使用者使用<ref name="lwn-app-sandbox-revisited">{{cite news |last=Willis |first=Nathan |date=2015-01-21 |title=GNOME and application sandboxing revisted |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/630216/ |newspaper=LWN |access-date=2016-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125040209/https://lwn.net/Articles/630216/ |archive-date=2018-11-25 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。應用程式將必須使用由flatpak提供的函式呼叫來控制硬體裝置或存取使用者的檔案，而flatpak將會在給予應用程式存取權限前提示使用者<ref name="lwn-working-with-xdg-app">{{cite news |last=Willis |first=Nathan |date=2015-08-12 |title=Working with xdg-app application bundles |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/654128/ |newspaper=LWN |accessdate=2016-01-03 |archive-date=2017-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185911/https://lwn.net/Articles/654128/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

其原始名稱是來自於[[freedesktop.org]]的協作關係，其通常縮寫為“xdg”<ref name="freedesktop-xdg">{{cite mailing list |url=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.xdg.devel/488 |title=Re: XDG vs freedesktop.org |last=Pennington |first=Havoc |date=2003-03-08 |access-date=2016-01-03 |mailing-list=xdg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013106/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.xdg.devel/488 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。當時，[[freedesktop.org]]的伺服器被公認是xdg-app專案的家<ref name="hosting">{{cite mailing list |url=http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xdg-app/2015-December/000067.html |title=github or freedesktop? |last=Larsson |first=Alex |date=2015-12-17 |access-date=2016-01-03 |mailing-list=xdg-app |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306020147/https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xdg-app/2015-December/000067.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。2016年5月，在活躍的開發下，其更名為“Flatpak”<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xdg-app/2016-May/000204.html |title=Renamed to flatpak in git |website=freedesktop.org |date=2016-05-09 |author=Alexander Larsson |accessdate=2016-06-01 |archive-date=2016-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624100628/https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xdg-app/2016-May/000204.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。

{{As of|2016|6}}，部份應用程式加入了在Flatpak（xdg-app）下執行的初步支援，如[[LibreOffice]]<ref name="libreoffice-blog">{{cite web|url=https://whatofhow.wordpress.com/2015/08/11/libreoffice-in-a-box/|title=LibreOffice in a Box|work=The What of How|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=2016-07-11|archive-date=2016-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012215050/https://whatofhow.wordpress.com/2015/08/11/libreoffice-in-a-box/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.libreoffice.org/download/flatpak/ |title=LibreOffice in Flatpak format |website=Libreoffice.org accessdate= 2016-06-01 |accessdate=2016-07-11 |archive-date=2016-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712102825/http://www.libreoffice.org/download/flatpak |dead-url=no }}</ref>、 Glom<ref name="glom-blog">{{cite web|url=http://www.murrayc.com/permalink/2015/12/17/playing-with-xdg-app-for-glom/|title=Playing with xdg-app for PrefixSuffix and Glom|accessdate=2016-07-11|archive-date=2016-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716205214/http://www.murrayc.com/permalink/2015/12/17/playing-with-xdg-app-for-glom/|dead-url=no}}</ref>與[[Pitivi]]<ref name="pitivi-download">{{cite web|url=http://www.pitivi.org/?go=download|title=Pitivi-download|accessdate=2016-07-01|archive-date=2019-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215215236/http://www.pitivi.org/?go=download|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 技術 ==
其沙盒是基於[[Linux核心]]以下子系統所提供的功能：
* [[cgroups]]
* Linux namespaces
* [[安全增强式Linux|SELinux]]（目前未使用）
* [[D-Bus#KDBUS|kdbus]]（未來可能會使用，目前使用用戶空間過濾）
* 視窗化系統基於[[Wayland]]（因為[[X Window核心協議]]已被開發者認為不安全<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/SandboxedApps|title=Projects/SandboxedApps - GNOME Wiki!|website=wiki.gnome.org|accessdate=2016-04-16|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323131629/https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/SandboxedApps|dead-url=no}}</ref>）

== 替代方案 ==
不依賴於特定发行版的包裝格式在Linux生態系中在Flatpak前早已被提出過數次。2000年代早期，[[autopackage]]開始，2004年則是klik，這也提供了Alexander Larsson靈感，於2007年開發出''glick''專案<ref>{{cite web|author1=Alexander Larsson|title=Experiments with runtime-less app-bundles|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/alexl/2007/08/07/experiments-with-runtime-less-app-bundles/|accessdate=2016-07-11|date=2007-08-07|archive-date=2018-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622084156/https://blogs.gnome.org/alexl/2007/08/07/experiments-with-runtime-less-app-bundles/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。到了2014年，klik便演化成AppImage，其目標是成為不依賴於特定散佈版的[[可攜式軟體|可攜式]]上游打包格式。[[Canonical公司]]則於2016年釋出了[[Snappy_(包管理器)|Snappy]]，其目標也是為了提供廣泛的linux生態系一個通用的包裝格式<ref>{{cite web|author1=Canonical|title=Universal “snap” packages launch on multiple Linux distros|url=https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/06/14/universal-snap-packages-launch-on-multiple-linux-distros/|accessdate=2016-07-11|date=2016-06-14|archive-date=2016-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718093259/http://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/06/14/universal-snap-packages-launch-on-multiple-linux-distros|dead-url=no}}</ref>，其支援類似於Flatpak的格式，同時也支援應用程式商店式的[[数字发行]]與更新模式。

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 參見 ==
* [[freedesktop]]
* [[GNOME]]

{{freedesktop.org}}
{{软件包管理系统}}

[[Category:自由软件包管理系统]]
[[Category:用C編程的自由軟體]]
[[Category:Freedesktop.org]]
[[Category:Linux软件包管理相关软件]]
[[Category:Linux独占软件]]
[[Category:操作系统技术]]
[[Category:软件分发]]
[[Category:虛擬化軟體]]
[[Category:使用LGPL许可证的软件]]

Flatpak - 版本历史

imported>Ohtashinichiro：​/* 參見 */

imported>Ohtashinichiro：/* 參見 */