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{{noteTA
|G1=Windows
|G2=IT
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{{Infobox software
| name = fdisk
| logo =
| screenshot = Fdisk.png
| screenshot size = 300px
| caption = 在[[MS-DOS]]上fdisk的截屏
| developer = Robert Baron, [[IBM]], [[Microsoft]], [[Digital Research]], {{link-en|Datalight}}, [[Novell]], Brian E. Reifsnyder
| released = {{Release year|1983|03|df=yes}}
| latest release version =
| latest release date =
| operating system = [[MS-DOS]], [[IBM PC DOS|PC DOS]], {{link-en|FlexOS}}, {{link-en|SISNE plus}}, [[OS/2]], [[eComStation]], {{link-en|ArcaOS}}, [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[DR-DOS]], {{link-en|Datalight#ROM-DOS|Datalight#ROM-DOS|ROM-DOS}}, [[FreeDOS]], {{link-en|PTS-DOS}}, *[[BSD]],<ref name=*bsd>{{cite web | url= http://mdoc.su/-/fdisk.8 | title= fdisk(8) — PC slice table (MBR) maintenance program | work= System Manager's Manual | publisher= [[FreeBSD]], [[NetBSD]], [[OpenBSD]], [[DragonFly BSD]] }}</ref> [[UNIX System V|SysV]]
| genre = [[命令 (计算机)|命令]]
| license = MS-DOS, PC DOS, FlexOS, OS/2, Windows, DR DOS, ROM-DOS, PTS-DOS: [[专有软件]] [[商业软件]]<br />
FreeDOS: [[GPL#GPLv2|GPLv2]]
| website =
}}

'''fdisk'''是一个用于[[磁盘分区]]的[[控制台应用程序|命令行工具]]。它已经成为一些[[操作系统]]的一部分，包括[[DOS]]、旧版本的[[Windows]]、某些[[FreeBSD]]的移植版和[[macOS]]。[[Windows 2000]]和之后的版本已将fdisk替换为更高级的工具[[diskpart]]。

== 实现 ==
=== DOS ===
1983年3月，fdisk (Fixed Disk Setup Program)随着[[IBM PC XT]]和[[IBM PC DOS]] 2.0发布。
fdisk v1.0可以创建一个[[FAT12]]分区，删除它，改变[[活动分区]]，或显示分区数据。fdisk可以写入支持最多四个分区的[[MBR]]。另外三个分区用于其他操作系统，例如[[CP/M-86]]和[[Xenix]]，这些操作系统有它们自己的分区工具。

微软在[[MS-DOS]] v3.2中第一次添加了fdisk，<ref name="RUNNINGMSDOS">{{Cite book|author-last=Wolverton|author-first=Van|title=Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition|date=2003|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|isbn=0-7356-1812-7}}</ref>MS-DOS v2.0到v3.10包含了OEM特定的分区工具，可能名为fdisk。

为了更高效地利用大容量硬盘，发布于1984年8月的PC DOS 3.0开始支持[[FAT16]]。发布于1987年4月的PC DOS 3.30开始支持扩展分区（不直接存储数据，但可以包含最多23个[[卷 (計算)|逻辑卷]]的分区）。在这两种情况下，fdisk都被修改过，以支持FAT16和扩展分区。MS-DOS 3.31中，Compaq的fdisk第一次支持FAT16B。FAT16B随后在MS-DOS和PC DOS 4.0中可用。

fdisk中没有文档的<code>/mbr</code>开关，可以修复MBR，使得这个工具很快流行起来。

IBM PC DOS 7.10配备了新的fdisk32工具。

ROM-DOS<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.datalight.com/assets/files/ROM-DOS_Users_Guide.pdf|title=Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide|website=Datalight|access-date=2025-08-05|archive-date=2011-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116023237/http://www.datalight.com/assets/files/ROM-DOS_Users_Guide.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>、DR DOS 6.0<ref name="drdos6userguide">{{Cite web |url=https://www.4corn.co.uk/archive/docs/DR%20DOS%206.0%20User%20Guide-opt.pdf |title=DR DOS 6.0 User Guide Optimisation and Configuration Tips |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2019-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930135943/http://www.4corn.co.uk/archive/docs/DR%20DOS%206.0%20User%20Guide-opt.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>、FlexOS<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf |title=FlexOS Users Guide V1.3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925131719/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf |archive-date=2019-09-25 }}</ref>、PTS-DOS 2000 Pro<ref>{{cite web |title=PTS-DOS 2000 Pro User Manual |publisher=[[Paragon Technology GmbH]] |location=Buggingen, Germany |date=1999 |url=http://download.paragon-software.com/doc/manual_dos_eng.pdf |access-date=2018-05-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512094512/http://download.paragon-software.com/doc/manual_dos_eng.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-12}}</ref>和FreeDOS<ref>{{cite web|title=ibiblio.org FreeDOS Group -- FreeDOS Base|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/group-base.html|access-date=2020-06-03|website=ibiblio|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330202353/http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/group-base.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>都包含了fdisk命令的一个实现。

=== Windows ===
[[File:Microsoft Windows 95 Version 4.00.1111 fdisk command 492x259.png|thumb|300px|[[Microsoft Windows 95]]上的fdisk命令]]

[[Windows 95]]、[[Windows 98]]和[[Windows ME]]附带MS-DOS的衍生版fdisk。然而，[[Windows 2000]]和以后的版本附带了更先进的[[diskpart]]和图形化的[[邏輯磁碟管理工具|磁盘管理]]工具。

从Windows 95 OSR2开始，fdisk支持[[FAT32]]文件系统。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/255867|title=How to Use the Fdisk and Format Tools to Partition or Repartition a Hard Disk |work=Microsoft Support |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=28 June 2012 |edition=6.0}}</ref>

Windows 95附带的fdisk不能显示大于64GB硬盘的正确大小。新版的fdisk修复了此问题。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/263044 |title=Fdisk Does Not Recognize Full Size of Hard Disks Larger than 64 GB |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=24 August 2012 |edition=4.0 |website=Microsoft Support}}</ref>另外，fdisk不能创建大于512GB的分区，即使FAT32支持最大2TB的分区。Windows 95 OSR 2.1、Windows 98和Windows ME上所有版本的fdisk都有这个限制。

=== IBM OS/2 ===
4.0版本前的[[OS/2]]附带了两个分区管理工具。一个是[[文本模式]]的fdisk<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#FDISK |title=JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands |access-date=2019-06-20 |archive-date=2019-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414130029/http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#FDISK |url-status=dead }}</ref>，另一个是[[GUI|图形化]]的fdiskpm。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#FDISKPM |title=JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands |access-date=2019-06-20 |archive-date=2019-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414130029/http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#FDISKPM |url-status=dead }}</ref>这两个工具的功能相同，可以操作FAT和更先进的[[HPFS]]分区。

4.5或更高版本的OS/2（包括[[eComStation]]和{{link-en|ArcaOS}}）可以使用[[JFS (文件系统)|JFS]]文件系统。在这些系统中，fdisk被[[邏輯捲軸管理員]](LVM)代替。

=== Mach和386BSD ===
{{Anchor|FreeBSD|NetBSD|OpenBSD|DragonFly|BSD|DragonFly BSD|OS X|macOS}}
[[Mach]]中的fdisk由Robert Baron编写，被Julian Elischer移植到{{link-en|386BSD}}。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk|title=Fdisk|access-date=2025-08-05|archive-date=2022-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625233805/https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk|dead-url=no}}</ref>截止至2019年，[[FreeBSD]]<ref name=f>{{cite web |url= http://bxr.su/f/sbin/fdisk/ |title= fdisk — PC slice table maintenance utility |website= BSD Cross Reference |publisher= [[FreeBSD]]}}
*{{cite book |section=fdisk -- PC slice table maintenance utility |title=FreeBSD Manual Pages |url=http://mdoc.su/f/fdisk.8}}</ref>、[[NetBSD]]<ref name=n>{{cite web |url= http://bxr.su/n/sbin/fdisk/ |title= fdisk — MS-DOS partition maintenance program |website= BSD Cross Reference |publisher= [[NetBSD]]}}</ref>和[[DragonFly BSD]]<ref name=d>{{cite web |url= http://bxr.su/d/sbin/fdisk/ |title= fdisk — PC slice table (MBR) maintenance program |website= BSD Cross Reference |publisher= [[DragonFly BSD]]}}
*{{cite book |section=fdisk - PC slice table (MBR) maintenance program |title=DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages |url=http://mdoc.su/d/fdisk.8}}</ref>也使用此实现。1995到1997年的[[OpenBSD]]也是如此。{{r|*bsd}}

在OpenBSD 2.2之前，Tobias Weingartner在1997年重写了fdisk<ref name=o>{{cite web |url= http://bxr.su/o/sbin/fdisk/ |title= fdisk — partition table maintenance program |website= BSD Cross Reference |publisher= [[OpenBSD]]}}
*{{cite book |section=fdisk — partition table maintenance program |title=OpenBSD manual page server |url=http://mdoc.su/o/fdisk.8}}</ref>，随即被[[苹果公司]]在2002年分支，在2019年前仍在[[macOS]]上使用。<ref name=x>{{citation |section-url= https://opensource.apple.com/source/diskdev_cmds/diskdev_cmds-593.221.1/fdisk.tproj/fdisk.8 |section= fdisk.tproj/fdisk.8 |url= https://opensource.apple.com/release/macos-10141.html |title= macOS 10.14.1 |publisher= [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |access-date= 2019-04-11 |archive-date= 2019-04-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190411071119/https://opensource.apple.com/release/macos-10141.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>

对于原生分区，BSD系统使用传统的[[BSD磁碟標籤]]，由于兼容性问题，fdisk分区只能在某些架构中使用。

=== Linux ===
在Linux中，fdisk是标准软件包[[util-linux]]的一部分。
最初，程序由Andries E. Brouwer和A. V. Le Blanc编写，2006年，Karel Zak和Davidlohr Bueso分支了util-linux包并重写了fdisk。一个替代品――基于[[ncurses]]的程序{{link-en|cfdisk}}，允许用户通过{{link-en|文本用户界面|Text-based user interface}}(TUI)修改分区布局。<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Deepesh |date=2021-02-22 |title=How to Create, Resize and Delete Linux Partitions With Cfdisk |url=https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-create-resize-and-delete-linux-partitions-with-cfdisk/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=MUO |language=en |archive-date=2025-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525134823/https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-create-resize-and-delete-linux-partitions-with-cfdisk/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 参见 ==
* [[硬碟分割軟體列表]]
* {{tsl|en|format (command)|format (指令)}}
* [[GUID磁碟分割表]]

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 延伸阅读 ==
*{{Cite book|author-last=Wolverton|author-first=Van|title=MS-DOS Commands: Microsoft Quick Reference, 4th Revised edition|url=https://archive.org/details/msdoscommandsinc0000wolv|date=1990|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|isbn=978-1556152894}}
*{{Cite book|author1=Kathy Ivens|author2=Brian Proffit|year=1993|title=OS/2 Inside & Out|url=https://archive.org/details/os2insideout0002iven|publisher=[[Osborne McGraw-Hill]]|isbn=978-0078818714}}
*{{Cite book|author1=Tim O'Reilly|author2=Troy Mott|author3=Walter Glenn|year=1999|title=Windows 98 in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media|O'Reilly]]|isbn=978-1565924864|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/windows98innutsh00orei}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{Wikibooks|en:Guide to Windows Commands}}
* [http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html Linux Partition HOWTO. Partitioning with fdisk]
* [https://www.die.net/doc/linux/man/man8/fdisk.8.html Linux Programmer's Manual, fdisk(8)]
* [https://git.kernel.org/cgit/utils/util-linux/util-linux.git/ fdisk from utils-linux-ng]
* [http://linux.die.net/man/8/blkid blkid - command-line utility to locate/print block device attributes ]
* [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/17/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html Using the blkid Command] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913013722/http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/17/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html |date=2016-09-13 }} .
* [http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk FreeBSD System Manager's Manual, FDISK(8)]

{{視窗指令}}

[[Category:Unix文件系统相关软件]]
[[Category:Windows管理]]
[[Category:硬盘分区软件]]

Fdisk - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20260407)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 1 book for verifiability (20260407)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot