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{{Infobox programming language
| name = Eiffel
| logo = [[File:Eiffel logo.svg|frameless|Eiffel logo]]
| paradigm = [[面向对象编程|面向对象]], [[基于类的编程|基于类]], [[泛型编程|泛型]], [[并发面向对象编程|并发]]
| year = {{start date and age|1986}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Eiffel in a Nutshell|url=https://archive.eiffel.com/eiffel/nutshell.html|website=archive.eiffel.com|accessdate=24 August 2017|language=en|archive-date=2019-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232239/https://archive.eiffel.com/eiffel/nutshell.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| designer = [[Bertrand Meyer]]
| developer = Eiffel Software
| latest release version = EiffelStudio 21.11<ref>{{cite web|title=EiffelStudio 21.11 is available!|url=https://www.eiffel.org/blog/eiffelstudio_21_11|website=Eiffel.org|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>
| latest release date = {{start date and age|2021|12|09|df=y}}
| typing = [[类型系统|静态]]
| implementations = {{le|EiffelStudio}}, {{le|LibertyEiffel}}, {{le|SmartEiffel}}, {{le|Visual Eiffel}}, Gobo Eiffel, "The Eiffel Compiler" tecomp
| dialects =
| influenced_by = [[Ada]], [[Simula]], {{le|Z表示法|Z notation|Z}}
| influenced = [[Ada|Ada 2012]], Albatross, [[C Sharp|C#]], [[D语言|D]], [[Java]], [[Racket]], [[Ruby]],<ref name="nov2pro">{{cite book|last=Cooper|first=Peter|title=Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional|edition=2nd|series=Beginning from Novice to Professional|year=2009|publisher=APress|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-1-4302-2363-4|page=101|quote=To a lesser extent, Python, LISP, Eiffel, Ada, and C++ have also influenced Ruby.}}</ref> {{le|Sather}}, [[Scala]]
| programming language = Eiffel
| platform = [[跨平台]]
| operating_system = [[FreeBSD]], [[Linux]], [[Mac OS X]], [[OpenBSD]], [[Solaris]], [[Windows]]
| license = 双许可和企业许可
| file_ext = <code>.e</code>
| website = {{URL|https://www.eiffel.org/}}
| caption =
}}
'''Eiffel'''是一套物件導向程式語言，1985年由[[伯特蘭·邁耶]]所發明。文法類似[[Pascal (程式語言)|Pascal ]]，並且將語言本身與軟體工程、和工具結合為一。Eiffel实现[[契约式设计]]（Design by Contract）的風格。

==語法與語義==
=== 整體架構 ===
一個Eiffel“系统”或“程序”是指一個“类”的集合。Eiffel系统有一个Cluster的概念。通过一个叫做ACE的外部组件描述类之间的组合关系的，Cluster可以是几个类，或者几个子Cluster，或者是它们的混合。但是Cluster不是Eiffel的{{le|语言构造|Language construct}}，Eiffel语言中，[[类 (计算机科学)|类]]是惟一的构造模块。

===="Hello, world!"====
一支程式語言都會有[[Hello world program|"Hello, world!"]]的程式碼。以Eiffel的表示如下：
<syntaxhighlight lang="eiffel">
class
HELLO_WORLD
create
make
feature
make
do
print("Hello, world!%N")
end
end
</syntaxhighlight>

這支程式有[[类 (计算机科学)|类]]<code>HELLO_WORLD</code>。其建構例程的名稱是<code>make</code>，它會呼叫<code>print</code>系統函式库例程將<code>"Hello,</code> <code>world!"</code>的訊息給輸出。
Eiffel中不像C系列（C、C++、Java、C#）的语言，通过约定某个叫做main的函数来启动应用，而是通过ACE来指定一个类作为整个应用的启动。这个类的构造函数也就成为应用的起始点。

==引用==
{{reflist|2}}

==外部連結==
* [http://se.ethz.ch/~meyer/publications/online/eiffel/basic.html Basic Eiffel Language Mechanisms]{{Wayback|url=http://se.ethz.ch/~meyer/publications/online/eiffel/basic.html |date=20170615155233 }}, [http://se.ethz.ch/~meyer/ Bertrand Meyer]{{Wayback|url=http://se.ethz.ch/~meyer/ |date=20100118090336 }}, August 2006.
* [http://dev.eiffel.com Eiffel Software's Open Source initiative]{{Wayback|url=http://dev.eiffel.com/ |date=20080703155701 }}
* [http://www.eiffel.com/ Eiffel Software]{{Wayback|url=http://www.eiffel.com/ |date=19961226221841 }} web site of the company that introduced Eiffel, was Interactive Software Engineering (ISE).
* Eiffel tutorial (100 pages) by [[Bertrand Meyer]]（[http://archive.eiffel.com/doc/online/eiffel50/intro/language/tutorial-00.html HTML]{{Wayback|url=http://archive.eiffel.com/doc/online/eiffel50/intro/language/tutorial-00.html |date=20040630233709 }}, [http://www.eiffel.com/doc/online/eiffel50/intro/language/tutorial.pdf PDF]{{Wayback|url=http://www.eiffel.com/doc/online/eiffel50/intro/language/tutorial.pdf |date=20030315013001 }}）
* [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-367.htm Eiffel standard]{{Wayback|url=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-367.htm |date=20080616025345 }}, revision 2 (2006); this is the ECMA standard, with free access, its text identical to that of the ISO standard.
* [http://smarteiffel.loria.fr/ SmartEiffel]{{Wayback|url=http://smarteiffel.loria.fr/ |date=20110413014415 }} (formerly SmallEiffel) a complete Eiffel compiler released under GNU GPL license, translates Eiffel code either to [[C language|C]] or [[Java bytecode]], not standard compliant, with emphasis on performance.
* [http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/tecomp "The Eiffel Compiler" (tecomp)]{{Wayback|url=http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/tecomp |date=20100117204043 }} an [[open source]] Eiffel compiler with [http://tecomp.sourceforge.net documentation]{{Wayback|url=http://tecomp.sourceforge.net/ |date=20170515154118 }}.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190719030630/http://visual-eiffel.org/ Visual Eiffel] an [[open source]] implementation of Eiffel creating [[native code]] for X86 systems（Windows, Linux）
* [http://www.eiffel-nice.org/ NICE]{{Wayback|url=http://www.eiffel-nice.org/ |date=20071214083024 }} Nonprofit International Consortium for Eiffel.
* [http://www.eiffelroom.com/ eiffelroom.com]{{Wayback|url=http://www.eiffelroom.com/ |date=20100108070852 }} Community around standard Eiffel.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041129095939/http://eiffelzone.com/ eiffelzone.com] Includes a comprehensive Eiffel Software Directory
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040604193933/http://cetus-links.org/oo_eiffel.html Cetus Eiffel Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060414005314/http://www.eiffel.com/products/envsn/ Eiffel for .NET]
* [http://archive.eiffel.com/nice/language/ <cite>Eiffel: the Language</cite>]{{Wayback|url=http://archive.eiffel.com/nice/language/ |date=20030331060519 }} subset

{{Ecma International Standards}}
{{程序设计语言}}

[[Category:面向对象的编程语言|E]]
[[Category:基于类的编程语言]]
[[Category:程序设计语言]]
[[Category:1986年建立的程式語言]]

Eiffel - 版本历史

2025年12月26日 (五) 16:38 imported>ExultantEditor