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{{Infobox filesystem
| name = EROFS
| developer = Gao Xiang, [[华为]], [[阿里云]], [[Google]], [[OPPO]], [[字节跳动]]
| full_name = 增强型只读文件系统
Enhanced Read-Only File System
| introduction_date = {{Start date|2019|11|24}}
| introduction_os = Linux 5.4
| partition_id =
| directory_struct =
| file_struct =
| bad_blocks_struct =
| max_file_size = {{Plainlist|
* 4 [[GiB]] (紧凑模式)
* 16 [[EiB]] (扩展模式, 也受到卷大小限制)<ref name="erofs_documentation">{{Cite web|title=erofs.html|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.19/filesystems/erofs.html|website=www.kernel.org|author=Gao Xiang|access-date=2022-08-04|archive-date=2023-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605091508/https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.19/filesystems/erofs.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}
| max_files_no = 取决于卷大小
| max_filename_size = 255 字节
| max_volume_size = 16 [[TiB]]
| filename_character_set =
| dates_recorded = 文件更改时间 (仅扩展模式)<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
| date_range =
| date_resolution = 1 [[纳秒]]
| forks_streams =
| attributes = [[POSIX]], [[扩展文件属性|xattr]]
| file_system_permissions = POSIX, [[ACL]]
| compression = Yes ([[LZ4]]; [[LZMA]] 自Linux 5.16)<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
| encryption =
| single_instance_storage =
| OS = [[Linux]]
}}

'''EROFS'''（'''Enhanced Read-Only File System'''）是高翔(Gao Xiang)等开发者为[[Linux内核]]开发的轻量级只读文件系统，旨在为各种只读使用场景（嵌入式设备、容器等）提供通用的只读文件系统解决方案。<ref name=lwn>{{Cite web|title=An introduction to EROFS [LWN.net]|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/934047/|access-date=2023-10-21|website=lwn.net|archive-date=2023-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722044503/https://lwn.net/Articles/934047/|dead-url=no}}</ref>EROFS着重优化了运行时性能，同时实现了存储空间节省。<ref name=lwn/>EROFS也可以用于替代tar或cpio作为归档格式使用，拥有更好的随机读取性能。<ref name=lwn/>

EROFS针对[[Android]]、[[鸿蒙操作系统|HarmonyOS]]智能手机或嵌入式设备等硬件资源有限的设备上的高性能只读需求，提供了透明压缩节省存储空间的解决方案。<ref>{{Cite web|title=There Is Finally A User-Space Utility To Make EROFS Linux File-Systems|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-EROFS-User-Space|website=Phoronix|author=Michael Larabel|date=2018-11-19|access-date=2018-12-13|archive-date=2022-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522101303/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-EROFS-User-Space|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite mailing list|title=erofs: introduce erofs file system|url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/5/31/306|date=2018-05-31|access-date=2018-12-13|mailing-list=Linux kernel|last=Xiang|first=Gao|archive-date=2023-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718144633/https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/5/31/306|dead-url=no}}</ref>
华为所有搭载[[EMUI]] 9.0.1或更高版本的新产品均使用EROFS，<ref>{{Cite mailing list|title=erofs: promote erofs from staging|url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/7/4/435|date=2019-07-04|access-date=2019-09-03|mailing-list=Linux kernel|last=Xiang|first=Gao|archive-date=2023-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429192709/https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/7/4/435|dead-url=no}}</ref> EMUI 9.1还将EROFS作为关键功能推广。<ref name="emui_9.1">{{Cite web|title=EMUI 9.1, the Intelligent Android OS|url=https://consumer.huawei.com/levant/emui-9-1/|publisher=Huawei Technologies|website=HUAWEI Global|access-date=2022-01-10|archive-date=2023-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609220023/https://consumer.huawei.com/levant/emui-9-1/|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Oppo]]、[[小米]]和部分[[三星电子|三星]]产品也使用EROFS。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google's plan to use EROFS on Android|date=20 May 2022|url=https://blog.esper.io/android-dessert-bites-25-erofs-in-android-13-47987123/|access-date=2022-08-04|archive-date=2022-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520160223/https://blog.esper.io/android-dessert-bites-25-erofs-in-android-13-47987123/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Galaxy S23 might be Samsung's first Android device to use EROFS|date=2023-02-07|url=https://www.realmicentral.com/2023/02/07/the-galaxy-s23-might-be-samsungs-first-android-device-to-use-erofs|access-date=2023-07-22|archive-date=2023-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722044505/https://www.realmicentral.com/2023/02/07/the-galaxy-s23-might-be-samsungs-first-android-device-to-use-erofs/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

EROFS在Linux 5.4中正式合并到主线。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/805462/|title=The 5.4 kernel has been released|author=corbet|date=2019-11-25|website=LWN.net|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>

== 特性 ==
EROFS文件系统有两种不同的inode磁盘布局。一种是紧凑模式，另一种是扩展模式。<ref name="erofs_documentation" />

* 小端设计<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
* 32位块地址空间，默认4 KiB块大小，在此配置下的最大文件系统大小为16 TiB<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
* 可以通过尾封装内联技术混合元数据和数据<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
* 支持POSIX属性和权限、xattr拓展属性和POSIX访问控制表<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
* 支持使用LZ4或MicroLZMA（自Linux 5.16起）进行固定输出透明压缩，以实现相对较高的压缩比<ref>{{Cite web|title=EROFS File-System Adding LZMA Compression Support Via New MicroLZMA|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=EROFS-LZMA-Compression|website=Phoronix|author=Michael Larabel|access-date=2022-01-10|archive-date=2022-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110131241/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=EROFS-LZMA-Compression|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref name="erofs_documentation" />
* 原位解压，实现了更高的顺序读取速率
* 自Linux 5.13起，支持更大的簇大小，以提供更好的压缩率<ref>{{Cite web|title=EROFS Sends In "Big Pcluster" Support For Linux 5.13, Other Improvements|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.13-EROFS|website=Phoronix|author=Michael Larabel|access-date=2021-07-11|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525133400/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.13-EROFS|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=erofs: add big pcluster compression support|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/851388/|access-date=2021-07-11|archive-date=2023-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501052104/https://lwn.net/Articles/851388/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 自Linux 5.15起，支持直接I/O、直接访问(DAX)<ref name="erofs_documentation" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=XFS & EROFS File-Systems Have Big Changes For Linux 5.15|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.15-XFS-EROFS|website=Phoronix|author=Michael Larabel|access-date=2021-11-02|archive-date=2021-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102002453/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.15-XFS-EROFS|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 自Linux 5.15起，支持块层面的重复数据删除<ref name="erofs_documentation" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=XFS & EROFS File-Systems Have Big Changes For Linux 5.15|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.15-XFS-EROFS|website=Phoronix|author=Michael Larabel|access-date=2021-11-02|archive-date=2021-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102002453/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.15-XFS-EROFS|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 自Linux 5.16起，多设备支持多层容器映像<ref name="erofs_documentation" />
* 自Linux 5.17起，支持尾部打包(Ztailpacking)，节省更多的磁盘空间和尾部I/O
* 自 Linux 5.19 起，基于文件的Fscache后端支持“按需模式”<ref>{{Cite web|title=5.19 Merge window, part 1|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/896140/|author=Jonathan Corbet|access-date=2022-08-04|archive-date=2023-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425081118/https://lwn.net/Articles/896140/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Linux Kernel 5.19 Officially Released, Linus Torvalds Teases Linux 6.0 as Next Kernel Series|url=https://9to5linux.com/linux-kernel-5-19-officially-released-this-is-whats-new|author=Marius Nestor|date=31 July 2022|access-date=2022-08-04|archive-date=2023-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529050434/https://9to5linux.com/linux-kernel-5-19-officially-released-this-is-whats-new|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 自Linux 6.1起，支持滚动哈希重复数据删除和碎片化<ref name="erofs_documentation" />

== 参见 ==
* [[cramfs]]
* [[SquashFS]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}

{{文件系统}}
{{华为}}
[[Category:嵌入式Linux]]
[[Category:壓縮式檔案系統]]
[[Category:特殊目的自由文件系统]]
[[Category:Linux内核支持的分布式文件系统]]

EROFS - 版本历史

imported>Ddmmyyy8 来自 2026年3月3日 (二) 07:49