https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=ENQUIREENQUIRE - 版本历史2026-07-14T17:19:44Z在这个wiki上该页的修订历史MediaWiki 1.43.9https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?title=ENQUIRE&diff=2980761&oldid=previmported>InternetArchiveBot：补救3个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (KCUSCBZMOGYNMYBGBBFRQQIZCGYNKGOC - 288122026-02-28T21:31:01Z<p>补救3个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (<a href="/index.php?title=User:KCUSCBZMOGYNMYBGBBFRQQIZCGYNKGOC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:KCUSCBZMOGYNMYBGBBFRQQIZCGYNKGOC（页面不存在）">KCUSCBZMOGYNMYBGBBFRQQIZCGYNKGOC</a> - 28812</p>
<p><b>新页面</b></p><div>{{NoteTA<br />
|G1=IT<br />
|1=zh-cn:蒂姆·伯纳斯-李; zh-tw:提姆·柏內茲-李;zh-hk:添·柏納斯-李;zh-hant:蒂姆·伯納斯-李;<br />
|2=zh-cn:伯纳斯-李; zh-tw:柏內茲-李;zh-hk:柏納斯-李;zh-hant:伯納斯-李;<br />
|3=zh-cn:文件; zh-tw:文件;<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox product<br />
|title = ENQUIRE<br />
|image =<br />
|caption =<br />
|inventor = [[提姆·柏內茲-李]]<br />
|launch year = 1980年<ref name="proposal" /><br />
|company = [[欧洲核子研究中心]]<br />
|available =<br />
}}<br />
'''ENQUIRE'''又称'''询问计划'''，是由[[提姆·柏內茲-李]]於1980年在[[欧洲核子研究中心]]（CERN）撰寫的軟體專案<ref name="faq" />，為[[全球資訊網]]的前身<ref name="faq">{{Cite web|title=Frequently asked questions&nbsp;— Start of the web: Influences|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#Influences|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=2010-07-22|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|first=Tim|last=Berners-Lee|archive-date=2018-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003222504/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#Influences|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/interactive/2009/oct/23/internet-arpanet|format=[[Adobe Flash|Flash]]|title=A people's history of the internet: from Arpanet in 1969 to today|first1=Simon|last1=Jeffery|first2=Chris|last2=Fenn|first3=Bobbie|last3=Smith|first4=John|last4=Coumbe|date=2009-10-23|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|pages=See 1980|accessdate=2010-01-07|location=London|archive-date=2016-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306085923/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/interactive/2009/oct/23/internet-arpanet|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="timblbook">{{Cite web|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|title=A Brief History of the Web|url=http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/TimBook-old/History.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=2010-08-24|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|date=c. 1993|archive-date=2010-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229074842/http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/TimBook-old/History.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這是一個簡單的[[超文本]]程式<ref name="timblbook" />，具備與全球資訊網及[[語意網]]相同的部分概念，但在幾個重要部分有所差異<ref name="faq" /><ref name="guardian" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.open2.net/ictportal/app/comp_life/future1.htm|title=ENQUIRE WITHIN UPON EVERYTHING|last=Finkelstein|first=Prof. Anthony|date=2003-08-15|work=ICT Portal|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=2010-01-07|archive-date=2003-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030218100449/http://www.open2.net/ictportal/app/comp_life/future1.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。<br />
<br />
== 背景 ==<br />
1980年左右，在CERN工作的人員使用著不同的[[硬體]]、[[軟體]]並擁有各自的需求。大部分工作透過[[電子郵件]]和檔案交換完成<ref name="timblbook" />，科學家藉此掌握各個關聯計畫中不同部分的進度<ref name="guardian" /><ref name="faq" />。1980年6月23日，柏內茲-李於開始在CERN工作，並在那裡開發了ENQUIRE作為個人的組織工具<ref name="oxford" />。建立新系統的門檻在於必須與不同的網路、磁碟格式、資料格式及字元編碼方案相容，這使得在不同系統之間傳輸資訊的任何嘗試都成為一項艱鉅且通常不切實際的任務<ref name="ppf">{{Cite web|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|title=The World Wide Web: Past, Present and Future|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/1996/ppf.htm|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=2010-08-25|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|date=August 1996|archive-date=2009-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522133533/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/1996/ppf.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。當柏內茲-李開發ENQUIRE時，並未察覺[[萬尼瓦爾·布希]]、[[道格拉斯·恩格爾巴特]]和[[泰德·尼爾森]]先前針對Memex、NLS及[[世外桃源計畫]]所提出的構想。直到完成ENQUIRE並進一步完善其理念後，這些前人的研究成果才使其構思的理論基礎獲得證實<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Tim Berners-Lee |url=http://archive.org/details/weavingweborigin00bern_0 |title=Weaving the Web |date=1999 |publisher=HarperSanFrancisco |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-06-251586-5 |pages=5–6 |quote=Unbeknownst to me at that early stage in my thinking, several people had hit upon similar concepts, which were never implemented.}}</ref><ref name=":422">{{Cite thesis |last=Rutter |first=Dorian |title=From Diversity to Convergence: British Computer Networks and the Internet, 1970-1995 |date=2005 |access-date=27 December 2022 |degree=Computer Science |publisher=The University of Warwick |url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1197/1/WRAP_THESIS_Rutter_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1197/1/WRAP_THESIS_Rutter_2005.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2022 |url-status=live |quote=When Berners-Lee developed his Enquire hypertext system during 1980, the ideas explored by Bush, Engelbart, and Nelson did not influence his work, as he was not aware of them. However, as Berners-Lee began to refine his ideas, the work of these predecessors would later confirm the legitimacy of his system.}}</ref>。<br />
<br />
== 與萬維網的差異 ==<br />
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'''Documentation of the RPC project (concept)'''<br />
<br />
Most of the documentation is available on VMS, with the two<br />
principle manuals being stored in the CERNDOC system.<br />
<br />
1) includes: The VAX/NOTES conference VXCERN::RPC<br />
2) includes: Test and Example suite<br />
3) includes: RPC BUG LISTS<br />
4) includes: RPC System: Implementation Guide<br />
Information for maintenance, porting, etc.<br />
5) includes: Suggested Development Strategy for RPC Applications<br />
6) includes: "Notes on RPC", Draft 1, 20 feb 86<br />
7) includes: "Notes on Proposed RPC Development" 18 Feb 86<br />
8) includes: RPC User Manual<br />
How to build and run a distributed system.<br />
9) includes: Draft Specifications and Implementation Notes<br />
10) includes: The RPC HELP facility<br />
11) describes: THE REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL PROJECT in DD/OC<br />
<br />
'''Help Display Select Back Quit Mark Goto_mark Link Add Edit'''<br />
ENQUIRE的顯示畫面<ref name="proposal" />。</div><br />
ENQUIRE擁有稱為「卡片」的頁面以及卡片內的連結。這些連結具有不同的含義，並擁有約十幾種關係，會顯示給卡片的建立者、事物、文件及群組。所有人都能看到連結之間的關係，用以解釋連結的必要性或是移除卡片後會發生的情況<ref name="timblbook" />。每個人都被允許新增卡片，但這些新卡片總是需要一個既有的卡片作為基礎<ref name="oxford">{{cite web |title=History of the Web |url=http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/primers/history/origins.htm |publisher=Oxford Brookes University |accessdate=2010-11-20 |year=2002 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925204436/http://www.w3c.rl.ac.uk/primers/history/origins.htm |archivedate=2010-09-25 }}</ref>。<br />
<br />
相較於現代人所熟悉的[[全球資訊網]]，ENQUIRE的本質其實更趨近於[[維基]]的概念。其最顯著的特色在於具備雙向超連結的功能，這點在當今的[[維基百科]]中，類似於連結至此的頁面的機制<ref name="timblbook" /><ref name="robert">{{Cite web|title=A Little History of the World Wide Web|url=http://www.w3.org/History.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=25 July 2010|authorlink=Robert Cailliau|first=Robert|last=Cailliau|year=1995|archive-date=2013-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506021750/http://www.w3.org/History.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。此外，ENQUIRE支援直接在伺服器端進行內容編輯，運作邏輯與[[內容管理系統]]或[[部落格]]十分相似<ref name="faq" />。在內容協作與組合上展現了極大的便利性，特別是在建立[[超連結]]時極為有效率<ref name="faq" />。全球資訊網的建立是為了統一CERN當時存在的各種系統，例如ENQUIRE、CERNDOC、[[OpenVMS|VAX / VMS Notes]]和[[Usenet]]<ref name="proposal" />。<br />
<br />
== ENQUIRE失敗的原因 ==<br />
柏內茲-李於1984年回到CERN並密集使用他自己的系統<ref name="proposal">{{Cite web|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|title=Information Management: A Proposal|url=http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html|publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]|accessdate=25 August 2010|authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee|date=May 1990|archive-date=2010-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401051011/http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="timblbook" />。他意識到協調專案的大部分時間都花在保持資訊更新上<ref name="timblbook" />。因此他認為需要一個類似ENQUIRE但「每個人都能存取」的系統<ref name="timblbook" />。柏內茲-李並未使ENQUIRE達到能讓其他使用者輕易上手的完善程度，且在CERN的其他部門也存在類似的情況<ref name="proposal" />。另一個問題是不允許外部連結連結到現有資料庫，且該系統功能不足以處理與資料庫之間足夠的連線<ref name="proposal" /><ref name="faq" />，後續開發便宣告停止，儘管目前仍保有[[使用手冊]]，但ENQUIRE的[[原始碼]]已經遺失<ref name="manual">{{Cite web|last1=Palmer|first1=Sean B.|title=Enquire Manual&nbsp;— In HyperText|url=http://infomesh.net/2001/enquire/manual/#editorial|accessdate=30 August 2010|authorlink2=Tim Berners-Lee|first2=Tim|last2=Berners-Lee|date=February–March 2001|archive-date=2025-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208101604/http://infomesh.net/2001/enquire/manual/#editorial|dead-url=no}}</ref>。<br />
<br />
== 參考文獻 ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
[[Category:內容管理系統]]<br />
[[Category:網際網路歷史]]<br />
[[Category:全球資訊網]]<br />
[[Category:超文字]]</div>imported>InternetArchiveBot