imported>張阿瓜来自 2025年1月5日 (日) 11:31

2025-01-05T11:31:46Z

新页面

{{lowercase|title=ls}}
{{Infobox website
| name = eBird
| logo = Logo ebird.png
| logo_size = 200px
| url = {{url|https://ebird.org/home}}
| type = 野生動物數據庫
| author = [[康乃爾大學鳥類學研究室]]
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2002}}
| language = 多種語言（共18種）
| current_status = 活躍
}}
'''eBird'''是一個[[鳥|鳥類]]的線上[[數據庫]]，提供科學家、研究人員和業餘學家有關{{tsl|en|Bird atlas|鳥類地圖}}（包括目擊、遷徙、數量等）的數據。最初僅限收集於[[西半球]]的足跡，2008年擴大到[[新西蘭]]，<ref>{{cite web|last=eBird New Zealand|title=About eBird|url=http://ebird.org/content/newzealand/about|publisher=[[康乃爾大學鳥類學研究室|Cornell Lab of Ornithology]]|accessdate=2010-06-05|year=2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922005815/http://ebird.org/content/newzealand/about|archivedate=2010-09-22}}</ref>2010年擴大至全球範圍。<ref>{{cite web|last=eBird|title=Global eBird almost there! -- 3 June update|url=http://ebird.org/content/ebird/news/global-ebird-underway-27-may-update|publisher=[[康乃爾大學鳥類學研究室|Cornell Lab of Ornithology]]|accessdate=2010-06-05|year=2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603231152/http://ebird.org/content/ebird/news/global-ebird-underway-27-may-update|archivedate=2010-06-03}}</ref>eBird曾被描述為是一個讓[[業餘愛好者]]收集[[生物多樣性]]數據並使用於科學使用的例子。<ref>{{cite web |author1=Geoffrey A. Levin |author2=Melissa H. Cragin |title=The Role of Information Science in Gathering Biodiversity and Neuroscience Data |url=http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Oct-03/levincragin.html |date=2003-10 |publisher={{tsl|en|American Society for Information Science and Technology|美國資訊科學與技術學會|American Society for Information Science and Technology}} |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303164747/http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Oct-03/levincragin.html |archivedate=2009-03-03 |accessdate=2018-07-07 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

eBird是[[群眾外包]]的一個例子<ref>nytcrowdsource {{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/science/earth/crowdsourcing-for-the-birds.html?_r=0|title= Crowdsourcing, for the Birds|last= Robbins|first= Jim|date= 2013-08-19|publisher= [[New York Times]]|accessdate= 2013-12-11|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140418041104/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/science/earth/crowdsourcing-for-the-birds.html?_r=0|archivedate= 2014-04-18|df= }}</ref>，它被譽為是[[知识民主化|科學民主化]]，將[[公众科学|公眾視為科學家]]，允許公眾瀏覽並使用他們自己與他人集體數據的例子。<ref>[http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/resp1/ Science Explicitly for Nonscientists] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/resp1/ |date=20090108042444 }}, Caren B. Cooper, Janis L. Dickinson, Tina Phillips, Rick Bonney, ''{{tsl|en|Ecology and Society|}}'', Vol. 13, No. 2, r1, 2008</ref>

==歷史和目的==
[[康奈尔大学]]的[[康乃爾大學鳥類學研究室|鳥類學實驗室]]和[[奥杜邦学会]]受到賈克·拉里維（Jacques Larivée）創立的ÉPOQ數據庫的啟發，在2002年推出eBird，收集不同時間地點的鳥類品種與分布的數據。截至2016年11月，有超過33萬用戶提交了超過2千6百萬報表、3.66億的觀測以及超過1萬多個物種的數據。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://help.ebird.org/customer/portal/questions/1325149-how-many-people-ebird-around-the-world-and-per-country- |title=How many people eBird around the world and per country |website=ebird.org |accessdate=2018-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021306/http://help.ebird.org/customer/portal/questions/1325149-how-many-people-ebird-around-the-world-and-per-country- |archivedate=2016-12-01 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ebird.org/content/ebird/news/ebird-top100-goes-global/|title=eBird Top100 goes global! - eBird|first=Team|last=eBird|date=|website=ebird.org|accessdate=2018-04-28|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021423/http://ebird.org/content/ebird/news/ebird-top100-goes-global/|archivedate=2016-12-01|df=}}</ref>

eBird的目標是最大效用和無障礙的提供業餘與專業人士提供[[觀鳥]]活動的實用性和方便性。每一名參與者可以在網路上與他人交換意見和觀察數據，並可以在網路上取得各種格式的數據。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lagoze |first1=Carl |title=eBird: Curating Citizen Science Data for Use by Diverse Communities |journal=International Journal of Digital Curation |date=2014-05-30 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=71–82 |doi=10.2218/ijdc.v9i1.302}}</ref>

==特色==
eBird是免費的網站，數據儲存於安全的設施中並每天存檔，任何人都可以透過eBird或其他全球生物多樣性信息的設備瀏覽，例如eBird同時也是AKN（[[康乃爾鳥類學實驗室|鳥類知識網站]]）的一部分，它整合了西半球鳥類的觀測數據，是{{tsl|en|Birds of North America|北美洲鳥類列表}}的數據庫資料來源。反過來說AKN將eBird的數據提供給國際生物多樣性數據系統，例如GBIF（全球生物多樣性資訊機構）。<ref name=scistore.colife.org>{{cite web |title=網民參與科學- eBird Tawian |url=http://scistore.colife.org.tw/management/Upload/yhtseng/20151202145642988_20150731-03.eBird%20Taiwan.pdf |website=scistore.colife.org |accessdate=2018-07-17 |date=2015-11-27 |archive-date=2018-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717041723/http://scistore.colife.org.tw/management/Upload/yhtseng/20151202145642988_20150731-03.eBird%20Taiwan.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>截至2018年7月，eBird已經和115個機構合作。<ref>[https://ebird.org/about/portals Regional portals & collaborators] {{Wayback|url=https://ebird.org/about/portals |date=20180717070733 }} eBird,2018-07-17</ref>

eBird透過數據清單紀錄物種與數量，Web界面允許參與者透過數據庫交互查詢數據，擁有互動式地圖、折線圖、線條圖等不同的視覺化顯示方式，參與者可提交自己的觀測結果並管理自己的觀鳥紀錄。eBird網站擁有[[英語]]、[[西班牙語]]、[[法語]]、[[德語]]、[[葡萄牙語]]、[[巴西葡萄牙语]]、[[繁體中文]]、[[土耳其語]]、[[俄語]]、[[挪威語]]、[[書面挪威語]]。

;eBird Taiwan
eBird Taiwan是eBird的台灣入口網站，與eBird其他語言不同的eBird是由康奈爾大學鳥類學實驗室和奧杜邦學會共同營運；eBird Taiwan則是由[[中華民國野鳥學會]]和[[特有生物研究保育中心]]共同管理。<ref>{{cite web |title=ebird Taiwan 臺灣入口網全面啟動！ |url=https://pansci.asia/archives/82687 |website=PanSci 泛科學 |accessdate=2018-07-17 |language=zh |date=2015-08-01 |archive-date=2018-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624074201/http://pansci.asia/archives/82687 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

;互動資訊服務站
除了使用電腦和手機等裝置來提交觀測紀錄外，eBird也在一些地點提供了[[互動式資訊服務站]]，例如在[[佛罗里达州]][[萨尼贝尔 (佛罗里达州)|萨尼贝尔]]的{{tsl|en|J. N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge|丁達林國家野生動物保護區}}。<ref>{{cite web |title=eBirding, citizen science topic of ‘Ding’ presentation - cape-coral-daily-breeze.com {{!}} News, sports, community info. - Cape Coral Daily Breeze |url=http://www.cape-coral-daily-breeze.com/page/content.detail/id/503928.html?nav=5006 |website=Cape Coral Daily Breeze Community News |accessdate=2009-03-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708114643/http://www.cape-coral-daily-breeze.com/page/content.detail/id/503928.html?nav=5006 |archivedate=2011-07-08 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==參考資料==
{{reflist|2}}

==參考文獻==
*{{citation
| author=Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
| title=Citizen Scientists Supplement Work of Cornell Researchers
| journal=[[科学 (期刊)|Science]]| date=2005-06-03
|pages=1402–1403
| doi=10.1126/science.308.5727.1402
| volume=308
| pmid=15933178}}
*{{citation
| title=eBird: Engaging Birders in Science and Conservation
| journal={{tsl|en|PLoS Biology|}}|author1=Chris Wood
|author2=Brian Sullivan
|author3=Marshall Iliff
|author4=Daniel Fink
|author5=Steve Kelling
| volume=9
| issue=12
| year=2011
| doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001220
| pages=e1001220}}
*{{Citation | last = Dickinson
|first = Janis L.
| last2 = Zuckerberg
| first2 = Benjamin
| last3 = Bonter
| first3 = David N.
| title = Citizen Science as an Ecological Research Tool: Challenges and Benefits
| journal = {{tsl|en|Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics|}}
| volume = 41
| pages = 149–172
| year = 2010
| doi = 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636
}}

*{{Citation
| last = Wiggins
| first = Andrea
| title = eBirding: technology adoption and the transformation of leisure into science
| journal = Proceedings of the 2011 {{tsl|en|iConference|}}
| pages = 798–799
| year = 2011
| doi = 10.1145/1940761.1940910
}}

==使用eBird的研究==
一些使用eBird的研究例如：
*{{cite journal
| last = Fink
| first = Daniel
| title = Spatiotemporal exploratory models for broad-scale survey data
| journal = Ecological Applications
| volume = 20
| issue = 8
| pages = 2131–2147
| year = 2010
| doi = 10.1890/09-1340.1
|display-authors=etal}}

*{{Citation
| last = Hurlbert
| first = Allen H.
| last2 = Liang
| first2 = Zhongei
| title = Spatiotemporal Variation in Avian Migration Phenology: Citizen Science Reveals Effects of Climate Change
| journal = PLoS ONE
| volume = 7
| issue = 2
| pages = e31662
|date=February 2012
| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0031662
| pmid=22384050
| pmc=3285173
}}

{{refend}}

==參見==
*[[真菌观察者]]
*[[iNaturalist]]

==外部連結==
*[http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ eBird Website]{{Wayback|url=http://ebird.org/content/ebird/ |date=20180128192738 }}
*[https://ebird.org/taiwan/home eBird ebird Taiwan]{{Wayback|url=https://ebird.org/taiwan/home |date=20180717070736 }}

[[Category:观鸟]]
[[Category:生物學資料庫]]
[[Category:鳥類學公眾科學]]

EBird - 版本历史

imported>張阿瓜 来自 2025年1月5日 (日) 11:31

imported>張阿瓜来自 2025年1月5日 (日) 11:31