imported>Yumeto：使用DisamAssist清理消歧義連結：Go（改連結至Go語言）。

2026-03-02T15:21:52Z

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{{Infobox programming language
| name =
| title = Dart
| logo = Dart programming language logo.svg
| logo caption =
| screenshot =
| screenshot caption =
| paradigm = [[多范式]]：[[脚本语言|脚本]]、[[面向对象程序设计|面向对象]]（[[基于类的编程|基于类]]）、[[指令式编程|指令式]]、[[函数式编程|函数式]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kopec|first1=David|title=Dart for Absolute Beginners|isbn=9781430264828|page=56|url=https://books.google.cz/books?id=EcvjAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA56&dq=dart%20multi-paradigm&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q=dart%20multi-paradigm&f=false|accessdate=24 November 2015|archive-date=2016-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420145118/https://books.google.cz/books?id=EcvjAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA56&dq=dart%20multi-paradigm&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q=dart%20multi-paradigm&f=false|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| family =
| released = {{Start date and age|2011|10|10}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bak|first1=Lars|title=Dart: a language for structured web programming|url=http://googlecode.blogspot.com/2011/10/dart-language-for-structured-web.html|website=Google Code Blog|publisher=[[Google]]|accessdate=31 January 2016|archive-date=2016-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713005021/http://googlecode.blogspot.com/2011/10/dart-language-for-structured-web.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| designer = {{tsl|en|Lars Bak (computer programmer)|Lars Bak}}、Kasper Lund
| developer = [[Google]]
| typing = 可选类型
| scope =
| implementations = Dart VM, dart2native, dart2js, DDC, [[Flutter]]
| dialects =
| influenced by = [[C語言 | C]]、[[C++]]、[[Java]]、[[TypeScript]]、[[Ruby]]、[[JavaScript]]、[[Smalltalk]]、[[Erlang]]、{{le|Strongtalk}}、[[C♯|C#]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Web Languages and VMs: Fast Code is Always in Fashion. (V8, Dart) - Google I/O 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huawCRlo9H4&t=30m10s|publisher=[[Google]]|accessdate=22 December 2013|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175311/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huawCRlo9H4&t=30m10s|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| influenced =
| programming language =
| platform = [[跨平台]]
| operating system = [[跨平台]]
| license = [[BSD许可证]]
| file ext = .dart
| fileformat =
}}
'''Dart'''（[KK] {{IPA|en|dɑrt}}, [DJ] {{IPA|en|dɑ:t}}）是一种适用于[[全球資訊網]]的[[開放原始碼]][[程式語言]]，由[[Google]]主導開發，於[[2011年10月]]公開。它的開發團隊由[[Google Chrome]]瀏覽器[[V8 (JavaScript引擎)|V8引擎]]團隊的領導者{{tsl|en|Lars Bak (computer programmer)|拉爾斯·巴克}}主持，目標在於成為下一代結構化Web開發語言。

類似[[JavaScript]]，Dart也是一種[[物件導向]]語言，但是它採用[[類別為基的程式設計]]。它只允許[[單一繼承]]，語法風格接近[[C語言]]。

==發展歷史==
2011年Google在[[丹麥]]奧胡斯（Aarhus）舉行的“GOTO國際軟體開發大會”預告將釋出新網頁程式語言Dart，是一種[[類別為基的程式設計]]語言（class-based programming language），在所有[[瀏覽器]]都能夠有高效能的執行效率。2011年10月10日Google宣布推出Dart的預覽版。<ref>[http://gotocon.com/aarhus-2011/presentation/Opening%20Keynote:%20Dart,%20a%20new%20programming%20language%20for%20structured%20web%20programming Presentation: "Opening Keynote: Dart, a new programming language for structured web programming"] {{Wayback|url=http://gotocon.com/aarhus-2011/presentation/Opening%20Keynote:%20Dart,%20a%20new%20programming%20language%20for%20structured%20web%20programming |date=20111013071047 }} - GOTO Aarhus 2011 conference. Planned official presentation of the Dart language, on October 10.</ref>

Google在dartlang.org公布Dart開發工具及原始碼範例等內容，同時也提供相關[[虛擬機器]]平台。目前Dart有三種方式執行：一是在原生的虛擬機器上，二是將Dart程式碼轉成Javascript，直接在Javascript引擎上執行<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ithome.com.tw/itadm/article.php?c=70168 |title=Google推Dart語言，欲取代JavaScript？ |accessdate=2011-10-19 |archive-date=2011-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013155150/http://www.ithome.com.tw/itadm/article.php?c=70168 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，三是將其編譯為[[執行檔|可執行檔]]並執行<ref>{{Cite web |title=dart compile |url=https://dart.dev/tools/dart-compile.html |website=dart.dev |access-date=2022-10-16}}</ref>。

===标准化===
[[Ecma国际|ECMA]]已经成立技术委员会TC52<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC52.htm |title=TC52 - Dart |accessdate=2013-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802100651/http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC52.htm |archive-date=2016-08-02 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>展开标准化Dart的工作，同时由于Dart能够被编译成标准的JavaScript，它能够有效地在所有现代浏览器上运行。2014年7月，ECMA的第107次全体大会通过了第一版Dart语言规范。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.dartlang.org/2014/07/ecma-approves-1st-edition-of-dart.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2015-03-27 |archive-date=2015-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424184915/http://news.dartlang.org/2014/07/ecma-approves-1st-edition-of-dart.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 範例 ==
[[Hello World]]范例：

<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">
void main() {
print("Hello World!");
}
</syntaxhighlight>

計算[[費氏數列]]函數：

<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">
// If int n > 2, return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
// otherwise, return int 1 as result
int fib(int n) => (n > 2) ? (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)) : 1;

void main() {
print('fib(20) = ${fib(20)}');
}
</syntaxhighlight>
匿名函数范例：
<syntaxhighlight lang="dart">
void main() => print(fib(3));
Function fib = (int n) => (n > 2) ? (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)) : 1;
</syntaxhighlight>

== 参见 ==
{{Portal|電腦程式設計|Free software}}
* [[Flutter]]
* [[CoffeeScript]]
* [[Elm (编程语言)|Elm]]，一种编译到JavaScript的静态类型的函数式语言
* {{tsl|en|Fantom (programming language)|Fantom}}
* [[Go語言|Go]]，另一个Google开发的语言
* [[Google Web Toolkit]]
* [[Haxe]]，一种可以编译到JavaScript和其它几种语言的语言
* {{tsl|en|Opa (programming language)||Opa}}
* [[TypeScript]]
* {{tsl|en|Rescript}}

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==外部链接==
* {{official}}

{{程序设计语言}}
{{Google公司}}
{{JavaScript}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dart}}
[[Category:程序设计语言]]
[[Category:脚本语言]]
[[Category:Google軟體]]
[[Category:網頁技術]]
[[Category:C語言家族]]
[[Category:动态类型编程语言]]
[[Category:面向对象的编程语言]]
[[Category:Web编程]]
[[Category:2011年建立的程式語言]]
[[Category:带有代码示例的条目]]

Dart - 版本历史

imported>Yumeto：​使用DisamAssist清理消歧義連結：Go（改連結至Go語言）。

imported>Yumeto：使用DisamAssist清理消歧義連結：Go（改連結至Go語言）。