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{{Infobox_gene}}
'''DGCR8'''全稱為[[迪喬治症候群]]關鍵區域8（DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8）是[[哺乳類]]的一個[[蛋白質]]，在[[人類基因組]]中由[[22號染色體]]上的DGCR8[[基因]]編碼<ref name="entrez">{{cite web| title = Entrez Gene: DGCR8 DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54487| accessdate = | archive-date = 2010-12-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101205081110/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene| dead-url = no}}</ref>。[[模式生物]][[黑腹果蠅]]與[[秀麗隱桿線蟲]]與此[[序列同源性|同源]]的基因名為'''Pasha'''，意為「[[Drosha|Drosha蛋白]]的夥伴」（partner of Drosha）<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Denli AM, Tops BB, Plasterk RH, Ketting RF, Hannon GJ | title = Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-11-11_432_7014/page/230 | journal = Nature | volume = 432 | issue = 7014 | pages = 231–5 | date = Nov 2004 | pmid = 15531879 | doi = 10.1038/nature03049 }}</ref>。

==功能==
DGCR8位於[[細胞核]]中，參與[[miRNA]]前驅物（pri-miRNA）的切割，此蛋白可與Drosha（一種[[核糖核酸酶Ⅲ]]）結合，組成{{le|微加工複合體|Microprocessor complex}}，將由DNA[[轉錄]]產生的pri-miRNA切割成長約70nt的pre-miRNA，後者可再由[[Dicer]]切割產生成熟的miRNA。DGCR8有一可與RNA結合的[[結構域]]，可與pri-miRNA結合以穩定其結構，以利Drosha進行切割<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN | title = Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = 16 | pages = 4622–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16963499 | pmc = 1636349 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl458 }}</ref>。Drosha一般需在與DGCR8結合的情況下才能進行切割<ref name="pmid16751099">{{cite journal | vauthors = Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Nam JW, Heo I, Rhee JK, Sohn SY, Cho Y, Zhang BT, Kim VN | title = Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex | journal = Cell | volume = 125 | issue = 5 | pages = 887–901 | year=2006 | pmid = 16751099 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.043 | s2cid = 453021 | doi-access = free }}</ref>。

此外DGCR8也參與部分[[DNA修補]]的途徑，DGCR8的一個位點被[[磷酸化]]後可參與[[转录偶联修复]]（transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair，簡稱TC-NER，用於移除[[嘧啶二聚體]]等[[紫外線]]造成的DNA損傷）以及[[核苷酸切除修復]]（NER，移除[[過氧化氫]]等化學物質造成的DNA氧化損傷）等，且此機制與DGCR8和Drosha結合以及和RNA結合的能力均無關<ref name=Calses>{{cite journal |vauthors=Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T |title=DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing |journal=Cell Rep |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=162–174 |year=2017 |pmid=28380355 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021 |pmc=5423785}}</ref>。

==參考文獻==
{{portal|分子與細胞生物學}}
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:DNA修復]]
[[Category:RNA干擾]]

DGCR8 - 版本历史

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