imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

2025-10-17T22:20:39Z

Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

新页面

{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = DEAD
| Name = DEAD/DEAH box RNA解旋酶
| image = PDB_1qva_EBI.jpg
| width =
| caption = 釀酒酵母的[[eIF4A]]結構（{{PDBe|1qva}}）<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Johnson | first1 = E. R.
| last2 = McKay | first2 = D. B.
| title = Crystallographic structure of the amino terminal domain of yeast initiation factor 4A, a representative DEAD-box RNA helicase
| journal = RNA
| volume = 5
| issue = 12
| pages = 1526–1534
| year = 1999
| pmid = 10606264
| pmc = 1369875
| doi=10.1017/S1355838299991410
}}</ref>
| Pfam = PF00270
| Pfam_clan = CL0023
| InterPro = IPR011545
| SMART =
| PROSITE = PDOC00039
| MEROPS =
| SCOP = 1qva
| TCDB =
| OPM family =
| OPM protein =
| CAZy =
| CDD = cd00268
| CDD2 = cd00046
}}
'''DEAD box'''為一[[蛋白質家族]]的通稱，在[[原核生物]]與[[真核生物]]細胞中皆有，因其中一個[[結構域]]有一[[天門冬胺酸]]-[[麩胺酸]]-[[丙胺酸]]-天門冬胺酸（DEAD）的氨基酸序列而得名<ref name="pmid2563148">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Linder | first1 = P.
| last2 = Lasko | first2 = P. F.
| last3 = Ashburner | first3 = M.
| last4 = Leroy | first4 = P.
| last5 = Nielsen | first5 = P. J.
| last6 = Nishi | first6 = K.
| last7 = Schnier | first7 = J.
| last8 = Slonimski | first8 = P. P.
| doi = 10.1038/337121a0
| title = Birth of the D-E-A-D box
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1989-01-12_337_6203/page/120 | journal = Nature
| volume = 337
| issue = 6203
| pages = 121–122
| year = 1989
| pmid = 2563148
|bibcode = 1989Natur.337..121L | s2cid = 13529955

}}</ref>。此家族的蛋白多參與[[RNA]]相關反應<ref name="pmid15028736">{{cite journal |author1=Takashi Kikuma |author2=Masaya Ohtsu |author3=Takahiko Utsugi |author4=Shoko Koga |author5=Kohji Okuhara |author6=Toshihiko Eki |author7=Fumihiro Fujimori |author8=Yasufumi Murakami | title = Dbp9p, a Member of the DEAD Box Protein Family, Exhibits DNA Helicase Activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 279 | issue = 20 | pages = 20692–20698 |date=March 2004 | pmid = 15028736 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M400231200 |doi-access=free }}</ref>，有許多蛋白為RNA[[解旋酶]]<ref name="pmid15765144">{{cite journal |author2-link=Maurizio Del Poeta|vauthors=Heung LJ, Del Poeta M | title = Unlocking the DEAD-box: a key to cryptococcal virulence? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-investigation_2005-03_115_3/page/593| journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 115 | issue = 3 | pages = 593–5 |date=March 2005 | pmid = 15765144 | pmc = 1052016 | doi = 10.1172/JCI24508 }}</ref>，可以消耗[[三磷酸腺苷|ATP]]的機制將雙股RNA解開<ref name="pmid16936318">{{cite journal | author = Linder P | title = Dead-box proteins: a family affair—active and passive players in RNP-remodeling | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 34 | issue = 15 | pages = 4168–80 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16936318 | pmc = 1616962 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl468 }}</ref>。

DEAH家族與SKI2家族的蛋白序列也與DEAD box家族的蛋白相似<ref name="pmid16008364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanaka N, Schwer B | title = Characterization of the NTPase, RNA-binding, and RNA helicase activities of the DEAH-box splicing factor Prp22 | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 44 | issue = 28 | pages = 9795–803 |date=July 2005 | pmid = 16008364 | doi = 10.1021/bi050407m }}</ref><ref name="pmid12522690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu J, Wu H, Zhang C, Cao Y, Wang L, Zeng L, Ye X, Wu Q, Dai J, Xie Y, Mao Y | title = Identification of a novel human DDX40gene, a new member of the DEAH-box protein family | journal = J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 47 | issue = 12 | pages = 681–3 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12522690 | doi = 10.1007/s100380200104 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid16043509">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang L, Lewis MS, Johnson AW | title = Domain interactions within the Ski2/3/8 complex and between the Ski complex and Ski7p | journal = RNA | volume = 11 | issue = 8 | pages = 1291–302 |date=August 2005 | pmid = 16043509 | pmc = 1370812 | doi = 10.1261/rna.2060405 }}</ref>，三者合稱'''DExD/H'''家族蛋白<ref name="pmid10322435">{{cite journal |vauthors=de la Cruz J, Kressler D, Linder P | title = Unwinding RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DEAD-box proteins and related families | journal = Trends Biochem. Sci. | volume = 24 | issue = 5 | pages = 192–8 |date=May 1999 | pmid = 10322435 | doi = 10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01376-6}}</ref>。

==結構==
1980年代晚期有學者發現許多蛋白的{{le|NTP結合位點|NTP binding site}}序列和[[eIF4A]]RNA解旋酶的相似<ref name="pmid2546125">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gorbalenya AE, Koonin EV, Donchenko AP, Blinov VM | title = Two related superfamilies of putative helicases involved in replication, recombination, repair and expression of DNA and RNA genomes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nucleic-acids-research_1989-06-26_17_12/page/4712 | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 17 | issue = 12 | pages = 4713–30 |date=June 1989 | pmid = 2546125 | pmc = 318027 | doi = 10.1093/nar/17.12.4713}}</ref>，後續研究發現這些蛋白均有9個[[保守序列|保守]]的結構域，由[[N端]]至[[C端]]分別為Q結構域、結構域I、結構域Ia、結構域Ib、結構域II、結構域III、結構域IV、結構域V與結構域VI，其中結構域II又名{{le|沃克結構域|Walker motifs|沃克結構域-B}}，包含天門冬胺酸-麩胺酸-丙胺酸-天門冬胺酸（DEAD）的氨基酸序列<ref name="pmid2563148"/>。Q結構域、結構域I、結構域II與結構域VI為結合與水解[[三磷酸腺苷|ATP]]所需，結構域Ia、結構域Ib、結構域III、結構域IV與結構域V則為結合RNA所需<ref name="pmid12535527">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanner NK, Cordin O, Banroques J, Doère M, Linder P | title = The Q motif: a newly identified motif in DEAD box helicases may regulate ATP binding and hydrolysis | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 127–38 |date=January 2003 | pmid = 12535527 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00006-6| doi-access = free }}</ref>。

==功能==
[[File:Spliceosome405.jpg|thumb|500px|left|mRNA剪接過程，其中標註為橘色的蛋白皆屬DEAD box家族]]
DEAD box家族的蛋白多為RNA解旋酶，參與[[轉錄]]、[[RNA剪接]]、{{le|核糖體組裝|ribosome biogenesis}}、RNA轉運、[[轉譯]]與RNA降解等細胞中的多種RNA相關反應<ref name="pmid10322435"/><ref name="pmid9862990">{{cite journal | vauthors = Aubourg S, Kreis M, Lecharny A | title = The DEAD box RNA helicase family in Arabidopsis thaliana | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 628–36 |date=January 1999 | pmid = 9862990 | pmc = 148225 | doi = 10.1093/nar/27.2.628| url =https://archive.org/details/sim_nucleic-acids-research_1999-01-15_27_2/page/628}}</ref><ref name="pmid9476892">{{cite journal |vauthors=Staley JP, Guthrie C | title = Mechanical devices of the spliceosome: motors, clocks, springs, and things | journal = Cell | volume = 92 | issue = 3 | pages = 315–26 |date=February 1998 | pmid = 9476892 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80925-3| s2cid = 6208113 | doi-access = free }}</ref>。

[[釀酒酵母]][[mRNA]]剪接的過程有Sub2、Prp28與Prp5等3種DEAD box蛋白參與<ref name="pmid16936318"/>，其中Prp5可與{{le|U2 SnRNA|U2 spliceosomal RNA}}結合以影響其結構，使其得以與mRNA[[內含子]]中的分支位點（branchpoint）結合<ref name="pmid7585243">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghetti A, Company M, Abelson J | title = Specificity of Prp24 binding to RNA: a role for Prp24 in the dynamic interaction of U4 and U6 snRNAs | journal = RNA | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 132–45 |date=April 1995 | pmid = 7585243 | pmc = 1369067 }}</ref>；Prp28可能可識別內含子的5′端切割位點，但此蛋白無解旋酶活性<ref name="pmid7520570">{{cite journal |vauthors=Strauss EJ, Guthrie C | title = PRP28, a 'DEAD-box' protein, is required for the first step of mRNA splicing in vitro |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nucleic-acids-research_1994-08-11_22_15/page/3186 | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 22 | issue = 15 | pages = 3187–93 |date=August 1994 | pmid = 7520570 | pmc = 310295 | doi = 10.1093/nar/22.15.3187}}</ref>。另外Prp2、Prp16、Prp22、Prp43與Brr213等多種DEAH家族蛋白也參與mRNA剪切<ref name="pmid12909336">{{cite journal |vauthors=Silverman E, Edwalds-Gilbert G, Lin RJ | title = DExD/H-box proteins and their partners: helping RNA helicases unwind | journal = Gene | volume = 312 | pages = 1–16 |date=July 2003 | pmid = 12909336 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00626-7}}</ref>。

轉譯起始因子eIF4A為一DEAD box蛋白，在[[真核轉譯|轉譯]]起始時可解開mRNA[[5′ UTR]]的[[核酸二級結構|二級結構]]，以利[[核糖體]]小次單元掃描mRNA以尋找[[起始密碼子]]<ref name="pmid3065823">{{cite journal | author = Sonenberg N | title = Cap-binding proteins of eukaryotic messenger RNA: functions in initiation and control of translation | journal = Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. | volume = 35 | pages = 173–207 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3065823 | doi = 10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60614-5| series = Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology | isbn = 978-0-12-540035-0 }}</ref>。另一DEAD box Ded1也參與轉譯起始過程，但具體機制仍不明<ref name="pmid14763975">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berthelot K, Muldoon M, Rajkowitsch L, Hughes J, McCarthy JE | title = Dynamics and processivity of 40S ribosome scanning on mRNA in yeast | journal = Mol. Microbiol. | volume = 51 | issue = 4 | pages = 987–1001 |date=February 2004 | pmid = 14763975 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03898.x| doi-access = free }}</ref>；還有一與Ded1相似的DEAD box蛋白Vasa可與[[真核起始因子2|eIF2]]互動<ref name="pmid10678180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carrera P, Johnstone O, Nakamura A, Casanova J, Jäckle H, Lasko P | title = VASA mediates translation through interaction with a Drosophila yIF2 homolog | journal = Mol. Cell | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 181–7 |date=January 2000 | pmid = 10678180 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80414-1| hdl = 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F80E-6 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。

==參考文獻==
{{portal|分子與細胞生物學}}
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:蛋白質家族]]
[[Category:剪接體]]
[[Category:蛋白质域]]

DEAD box - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot