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'''D3O'''（正式名称为“D3o”）是一种[[聚氨酯]]能量吸收材料，含有多种添加剂和聚硼二甲基硅氧烷<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Palmer|first=Richard|year=2008|title=Energy absorbing material.|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN/7794827|journal=US Patent 7,794,827|volume=|pages=|via=USPTO|access-date=2020-09-25|archive-date=2018-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025332/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F7794827|dead-url=no}}</ref>（一种膨胀型 [[非牛頓流體]]）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.physics.org/featuredetail.asp?id=35 |title=Shock factor - d3o | Latest Features |publisher=physics.org |date=2009-05-27 |accessdate=2012-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323191316/http://www.physics.org/featuredetail.asp?id=35 |archive-date=2012-03-23 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

聚硼二甲基硅氧烷<ref name=":0"></ref>是一种称为膨胀剂的物质，，它在原始状态下可以自由流动，但在震动时会锁在一起，以热量的形式吸收和分散能量，然后再回到半流体状态。D3O这种商用材料本质上是一种以聚硼二甲基硅氧烷（PBDMS）为膨胀剂的闭孔聚氨酯泡沫复合材料，它分散在泡沫基体中<ref name=":0"></ref>，使得产品对速率敏感，从而在特定能量水平下比普通聚氨酯消耗更多的能量。该专利提到了减震泡沫复合材料配方的最佳比例：按体积计，15-35％的PBDMS和40-70％的流体（发泡过程产生的气体，通常为二氧化碳），其余为聚氨酯<ref>Richard Palmer & Philip Green for Design Blue Ltd, ''Shock Absorbing Material'' US patent 7,381,460 B2, https://patents.google.com/patent/US7381460 {{Wayback|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7381460 |date=20190801121828 }}</ref>。D3O的技术可用于许多运动装备，如防弹衣。

==历史==
英国工程师菲尔·格林博士和理查德·帕尔默于[[1999年]]发现了这种材料，并在[[赫特福德大学]]首次将其分离出来。帕尔默和格林随后成立了D3O实验室，来开发和销售该产品。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2006/id20061013_166852.htm |title=A Superhero Suit for Athletes |publisher=[[Businessweek]] |date=2006-10-13 |accessdate=2012-09-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804182103/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2006/id20061013_166852.htm |archivedate=2011-08-04 |df= }} Article was written by Maria Kamenev, a ''BusinessWeek'' intern.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/10988649/Real-life-Flubber-made-in-the-UK-saving-lives-in-war-zones-and-on-the-football-field.html|title=Real-life 'Flubber', made in the UK, saving lives in war zones and on the football field|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=2014-08-19|accessdate=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327114308/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/10988649/Real-life-Flubber-made-in-the-UK-saving-lives-in-war-zones-and-on-the-football-field.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> 该公司于[[2006年]]将D3O材料商业化。[[2009年]]，英国国防部授予D3O实验室10万英镑，用于研制头盔，以减少子弹或弹片在撞击时的动能，因为它具有可塑性。<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite web |last=Harding |first=Thomas |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/4862103/Military-to-use-new-gel-that-stops-bullets.html |title=Military to use new gel that stops bullets |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2009-02-27 |accessdate=2012-09-07 |archive-date=2012-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213173521/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/4862103/Military-to-use-new-gel-that-stops-bullets.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==D3O的应用==
[[File:D3o example.jpg|thumb|200px|D3O用于护膝的一个例子。]]D3O已应用于以下领域：

*军事<ref name="telegraph1"></ref>
*工作服
*医药<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hospital-technology.com/blog/hip-impact-protection-ltd-is-delighted-to-announce-the-launch-of-its-innovative-next-generation-aid-in-the-protection-of-hips-of-the-frail-and-elderly-especially-those-with-osteoporosis/ |title=Hip Impact Protection Ltd is delighted to announce the launch of its innovative, next generation aid in the protection of hips of the frail and elderly, especially those with osteoporosis |publisher=hospital-technology.com |date=2011-03-15 |accessdate=2012-09-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324080155/http://www.hospital-technology.com/blog/hip-impact-protection-ltd-is-delighted-to-announce-the-launch-of-its-innovative-next-generation-aid-in-the-protection-of-hips-of-the-frail-and-elderly-especially-those-with-osteoporosis/ |archivedate=2012-03-24 |df= }}</ref>
*体育，包括滑雪板、长曲棍球、棒球、击剑、板球<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gm-cricket.com/heritage/technology/d3o.aspx |title=d3o™ |publisher=Gm-cricket.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827070032/http://www.gm-cricket.com/heritage/technology/d3o.aspx |archivedate=2012-08-27 |df= }}</ref>、排球、网球、壁球、芭蕾舞、拳击、射击和帆船、自行车、马术和水上运动<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.d3o.com/category/markets/sports/ |title=Sports - D3O Lab |publisher=D3o.com |date=2010-09-15 |accessdate=2012-09-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025051204/http://www.d3o.com/category/markets/sports/ |archivedate=2010-10-25 |df= }}</ref>
*摩托车服装
*鞋子
*电子设备<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gear4.com/d3o-technology/|publisher=Gear4.com|title=The UK's #1 Protective Phone Cases featuring D3O® Technology|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801042415/https://www.gear4.com/d3o-technology|archive-date=2019-08-01|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://dbrand.com/grip|publisher=dbrand.com|title=Grip Case >> dbrand|accessdate=2019-08-01|archive-date=2018-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123846/https://dbrand.com/grip|dead-url=no}}</ref>
*滑冰<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sekuskatewear.com/about-d30/ |title=D30 Ice Skating Pants |accessdate=2019-08-01 |archive-date=2019-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801042359/http://www.sekuskatewear.com/about-d30/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==参见==
* {{le|Sorbothane}}

==参考==
{{Reflist}}

==外部链接==
* {{Official website|http://www.d3o.com}}
* [http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=2555 "d3o Creates Intelligent Material for Use in Protective Clothing"]{{Wayback|url=http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=2555 |date=20090305224426 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20191023163726/http://www.physics.org/featuredetail.asp?id=35 "Shock factor"]
* [http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2006/id20061013_166852.htm?campaign_id=bier_innomb 商业周刊文章]{{Wayback|url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2006/id20061013_166852.htm?campaign_id=bier_innomb |date=20110522154755 }}

[[Category:材料]]
[[Category:非牛顿流体]]

D3o - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​补救15个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.7

imported>InternetArchiveBot：补救15个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.7