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{{NoteTA
|1=zh-tw:訊息; zh-cn:信息;|2=zh-tw:程式碼; zh-cn:代码;
}}
{{Expand language|en|time=2023-10-25T09:10:41+00:00}}
{{Infobox font
| name = Courier
| image = Courier.svg
| image_size = 250px
| alt = Courier
| style = [[等距字體]]
| classifications = [[粗襯線體]]
| releasedate = 1955年
| creator = Howard "Bud" Kettler
| sample = [[File:Courier sample.svg|250px|Courier New範例]]
}}
'''Courier'''是一個[[等寬字體|等寬]]的[[粗襯線體|粗襯線字體]]，主要是依據[[打字機]]所打印出來的字形來設計，於1955年由Howard "Bud" Kettler(1919-1999)<ref name="Designer of Courier: the Bud Kettler Page">{{cite web |last1=Troop |first1=Bill |authorlink1=Bill Troop |title=Designer of Courier: the Bud Kettler Page |url=http://www.graphos.org/courier.html |website=Graphos |accessdate=27 December 2018 |archive-date=2002-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016124908/http://www.graphos.org/courier.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Courier designer dies, aged 80">{{cite web |title=Courier designer dies, aged 80 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/typography/links/news.aspx?NID=985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040806194952/http://www.microsoft.com/typography/links/news.aspx?NID=985 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2004-08-06 |website=Microsoft Typography (archived) |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=27 December 2018 }}</ref><ref name="The Towpath">{{cite web |last1=Francis |first1=Lucille |title=Howard Kettler |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/96702261/howard-george-kettler#source |website=Findagrave |publisher=The Towpath |accessdate=27 December 2018 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410064751/https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/96702261/howard-george-kettler#source |dead-url=no }}</ref>設計完成。原來的Courier字體是[[IBM]]公司在1950年代設計給打印機使用的字體，但是並未維護他們的專利，使得這個字型成為整個打字機製造業的標準。

在現今的電子時代，此字體也常被使用，因為其等寬的特性可以輕易地對齊[[欄|欄位]]的左右邊界，也成為[[脚本语言]]和[[程式設計]]中[[原始碼]]及[[虛擬終端]]的常用字體。

12[[點 (印刷)|pt]]的Courier New字體曾是[[美國國務院]]的[[公文]]標準字體，但於2004年1月停用，改使用14pt的[[Times New Roman]]，因為其具「現代性」和「易讀性」<ref name=abc>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2004/01/30/1034726.htm|title=US bans time-honoured typeface|date=30 January 2004|website=Abc.net.au|accessdate=2017-01-20|archive-date=2011-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122210427/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2004/01/30/1034726.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="slate">{{cite web
|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2095809/
|title=Goodbye to the Courier font?
|last=Vanderbilt
|first=Tom
|date=20 February 2004
|website=Slate
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202145606/http://www.slate.com/id/2095809/
|archive-date=2008-02-02
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aiga.org/content.cfm/state-department-bans-courier-new-12-except-for-treaties |title=State Department bans Courier New 12, except for treaties |author=Paul Shaw |date=2004-03-10 |accessdate=2010-04-15 |archive-date=2010-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504185147/http://www.aiga.org/content.cfm/state-department-bans-courier-new-12-except-for-treaties |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==历史==
IBM并没有注册Courier的商标，所以字体的设计概念和名字如今属于公有领域。<ref name="Notes on Typeface Protection">{{cite journal |last1=Bigelow |first1=Charles |authorlink1=Charles Bigelow (type designer) |title=Notes on Typeface Protection |journal=[[TUGboat]] |date=1986 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=146-151 |url=https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb07-3/tb16bigelow.pdf |accessdate=27 December 2018 |quote=IBM neglected to trademark the typeface names like Courier and Prestige, so once the patents had lapsed, the names gradually fell into the public domain without IBM doing anything about it (at the time, and for a dozen years or so, IBM was distracted by a major U.S. anti-trust suit). Most students of the type protection field believe that those names are probably unprotectable by now, though IBM could still presumably make a try for it if sufficiently motivated. |archive-date=2019-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731155154/http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb07-3/tb16bigelow.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> 据一些消息来源称，IBM [[Selectric]]打字机的更高版本是在[[阿德里安·弗鲁提格]]的帮助下开发的，但[[Paul Shaw]]说，这一说法与Frutiger将其[[Univers]]字体为Selectric系统适配相混淆。<ref name="The digital typography sourcebook">{{cite book |last1=Bryan |first1=Marvin |title=The digital typography sourcebook |publisher=Wiley |isbn=9780471148111 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/digitaltypograph00brya/page/4 4-5] |url=https://archive.org/details/digitaltypograph00brya/page/4 }}</ref><ref name="State Department bans Courier New 12, except for treaties">{{cite web |last1=Shaw |first1=Paul |authorlink1=Paul Shaw (design historian) |title=State Department bans Courier New 12, except for treaties |url=https://www.aiga.org/state-department-bans-courier-new-12-except-for-treaties |publisher=AIGA |accessdate=27 December 2018 |quote=Adrian Frutiger had nothing to do with the design, though IBM hired him in the late 1960s to design a version of his Univers typeface for the Selectric. |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720005628/https://www.aiga.org/state-department-bans-courier-new-12-except-for-treaties |dead-url=no }}</ref> 对于该字体究竟于1955年还是1956年发布的说法不一。<ref name="Designer of Courier: the Bud Kettler Page" /><ref name="Courier designer dies, aged 80" /><ref name="State Department bans Courier New 12, except for treaties" />

作为等宽字体，Courier在20世纪90年代在电子世界中有了新的用途，可以用于字符需要按列对齐的场合，例如编程。使用12[[点 (印刷)|点]]Courier或者接近的变体书写[[脚本语言]]成为了行业标准。12点的Courier New也曾经是[[美国国务院]]的标准字体，直到出于对一个更加“现代”和“易读”的字体的需求，2004年1月后被14点的[[Times New Roman]]代替。<ref name=abc /><ref name="slate"/>

Kettler曾提到过该名称的由来。该字体本来将以“Messenger”为名发布。在一段时间的考虑后，Kettler认为，一个字体不仅仅是一个信差（messenger），它还可以是散发出尊严、威望和稳定的信使（courier）。<ref name="Designer of Courier: the Bud Kettler Page" />

== 變體 ==
=== Courier New ===
Courier New是Courier的一個變體，由[[阿德里安·弗鲁提格]]為[[IBM]]打字機設計的。此字體涵蓋Courier New、Courier New Bold（粗體）、Courier New Italic（斜體）、Courier New Bold Italic（粗斜體）。

這個字體家族首先在[[Windows 3.1]]問世，特點是行距比Courier來的寬，標點符號也更新過，看起來較為醒目。

版本2.76以及之後的版本加入了[[希伯來文]]和[[阿拉伯文]]的字集，但阿拉伯文大多沒有斜體的部分，跟[[Times New Roman]]有些類似，只是變成等寬字母。

Courier New現已更新至版本5.00，包含了超過3100個[[字形]]以及超過2700個字母。

=== Courier Std ===
CourierStd、CourierStd-Bold、CourierStd-BoldOblique、CourierStd-Oblique等字體搭載在[[Adobe Reader]] 6軟體中，取代[[PostScript]] Courier字體。此字體笔画的終結處是扁平的而非圓弧。它涵盖了码表1252, Windows OEM字符集，并为各个尺寸做出了详细Hint和平滑信息。该字体还包含了OpenType排版表中在拉丁文字默认语言的aalt, dlig, frac, ordn, sups信息和拉丁文本TUR语言中dlig信息。每个字体包含374字形。

== 應用 ==
=== ASCII藝術 ===
{{main|ASCII藝術}}
因為Courier為世界通用的[[等寬字體]]，常被用在[[ASCII藝術]]，利用不同字母或符號的特性來表示圖案的明暗。以下表內的數字代表12 pt大小的字母所使用的像素數量：
{| class="wikitable"
| width="20" align="center" | a
| width="20" align="center" | b
| width="20" align="center" | c
| width="20" align="center" | d
| width="20" align="center" | e
| width="20" align="center" | f
| width="20" align="center" | g
| width="20" align="center" | h
| width="20" align="center" | i
| width="20" align="center" | j
| width="20" align="center" | k
| width="20" align="center" | l
| width="20" align="center" | m
| width="20" align="center" | n
| width="20" align="center" | o
| width="20" align="center" | p
| width="20" align="center" | q
| width="20" align="center" | r
| width="20" align="center" | s
| width="20" align="center" | t
| width="20" align="center" | u
| width="20" align="center" | v
| width="20" align="center" | w
| width="20" align="center" | x
| width="20" align="center" | y
| width="20" align="center" | z
|-
| width="20" | 21
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 18
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 24
| width="20" | 19
| width="20" | 28
| width="20" | 24
| width="20" | 14
| width="20" | 15
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 16
| width="20" | 30
| width="20" | 21
| width="20" | 20
| width="20" | 27
| width="20" | 27
| width="20" | 18
| width="20" | 21
| width="20" | 17
| width="20" | 19
| width="20" | 17
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 20
| width="20" | 21
| width="20" | 21
|}
{| class="wikitable"
| width="20" align="center" | A
| width="20" align="center" | B
| width="20" align="center" | C
| width="20" align="center" | D
| width="20" align="center" | E
| width="20" align="center" | F
| width="20" align="center" | G
| width="20" align="center" | H
| width="20" align="center" | I
| width="20" align="center" | J
| width="20" align="center" | K
| width="20" align="center" | L
| width="20" align="center" | M
| width="20" align="center" | N
| width="20" align="center" | O
| width="20" align="center" | P
| width="20" align="center" | Q
| width="20" align="center" | R
| width="20" align="center" | S
| width="20" align="center" | T
| width="20" align="center" | U
| width="20" align="center" | V
| width="20" align="center" | W
| width="20" align="center" | X
| width="20" align="center" | Y
| width="20" align="center" | Z
|-
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 29
| width="20" | 21
| width="20" | 26
| width="20" | 29
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 27
| width="20" | 31
| width="20" | 18
| width="20" | 19
| width="20" | 28
| width="20" | 20
| width="20" | 36
| width="20" | 24
| width="20" | 20
| width="20" | 25
| width="20" | 28
| width="20" | 30
| width="20" | 28
| width="20" | 24
| width="20" | 27
| width="20" | 22
| width="20" | 30
| width="20" | 26
| width="20" | 23
| width="20" | 24
|}
{| class="wikitable"
| width="20" align="center" | `
| width="20" align="center" | 1
| width="20" align="center" | 2
| width="20" align="center" | 3
| width="20" align="center" | 4
| width="20" align="center" | 5
| width="20" align="center" | 6
| width="20" align="center" | 7
| width="20" align="center" | 8
| width="20" align="center" | 9
| width="20" align="center" | 0
| width="20" align="center" | -
| width="20" align="center" | =
| width="20" align="center" | ~
| width="20" align="center" | !
| width="20" align="center" | @
| width="20" align="center" | #
| width="20" align="center" | $
| width="20" align="center" | %
| width="20" align="center" | ^
| width="20" align="center" | &
| width="20" align="center" | *
| width="20" align="center" | (
| width="20" align="center" | )
| width="20" align="center" | _
| width="20" align="center" | +
|-
| width="20" | 2
| width="20" | 16
| width="20" | 19
| width="20" | 20
| width="20" | 23
| width="20" | 23
| width="20" | 23
| width="20" | 16
| width="20" | 26
| width="20" | 23
| width="20" | 24
| width="20" | 6
| width="20" | 12
| width="20" | 9
| width="20" | 9
| width="20" | 36
| width="20" | 30
| width="20" | 26
| width="20" | 20
| width="20" | 7
| width="20" | 24
| width="20" | 21
| width="20" | 13
| width="20" | 13
| width="20" | 9
| width="20" | 13
|}
{| class="wikitable"
| width="20" align="center" | <nowiki>[</nowiki>
| width="20" align="center" | <nowiki>]</nowiki>
| width="20" align="center" | \
| width="20" align="center" | ;
| width="20" align="center" | '
| width="20" align="center" | ,
| width="20" align="center" | .
| width="20" align="center" | /
| width="20" align="center" | {
| width="20" align="center" | }
| width="20" align="center" | |
| width="20" align="center" | :
| width="20" align="center" | "
| width="20" align="center" | <
| width="20" align="center" | >
| width="20" align="center" | ?
|-
| width="20" | 17
| width="20" | 17
| width="20" | 8
| width="20" | 11
| width="20" | 4
| width="20" | 7
| width="20" | 4
| width="20" | 8
| width="20" | 16
| width="20" | 16
| width="20" | 13
| width="20" | 8
| width="20" | 8
| width="20" | 9
| width="20" | 9
| width="20" | 13
|}

=== 程式碼字型 ===
[[File:Courier New programming.png|thumb|使用Courier New的一段程式碼|300px]]
Courier New也被運用在撰寫程式碼時所選用的字型，例如：在程式碼編輯器[[Notepad++]]和[[Notepad2]]裡使用[[等寬字體]]的場合。然而因其不包含[[汉字|中文字符]]，操作系统通常会用压扁的[[宋体]]应付，导致外观极不协调。

== 另見 ==
* [[網頁核心字型]]
*[[Consolas]]

== 参考文献 ==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
* Macmillan, Neil. ''An A–Z of Type Designers.'' Yale University Press: 2006. ISBN 0-300-11151-7.
</div>

== 外部連結 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060215090154/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s1034726.htm 美國停止使用Courier字體]
* [http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/font.aspx?FID=10&FNAME=Courier%20New Courier New字體資訊]{{Wayback|url=http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/font.aspx?FID=10&FNAME=Courier%20New |date=20071206235955 }}
* [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/courie32.exe?download 下載Courier New]{{Wayback|url=http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/corefonts/courie32.exe?download |date=20030402204620 }}
* [http://www.graphos.org/courier.html Courier設計師－the Bud Kettler Page]{{Wayback|url=http://www.graphos.org/courier.html |date=20021016124908 }}
* [http://www.slate.com/id/2095809/ 跟Courier說再見？]{{Wayback|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2095809/ |date=20080202145606 }} - Tom Vanderbilt, ''[[Slate.com]]'', 20 February 2004.
{{Windows字体}}
[[Category:網頁核心字型]]
[[Category:Windows XP字體]]
[[Category:等宽字体]]
[[Category:衬线字体]]

Courier - 版本历史

imported>0x48fe75df30：​增加或调整参考来源

imported>0x48fe75df30：增加或调整参考来源